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QoS-Oriented Solutions for Satellite Broadcasting Systems
Vargas, Aharon,Gerstacker, Wolfgang H.,Breiling, Marco The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.6
In this paper, we analyze the capability of satellite broadcasting systems to offer different levels of quality of service (QoS). We focus on the European telecommunications standards institute satellite digital radio and digital video broadcasting satellite handheld (DVB-SH) standards, which have recently been proposed for satellite broadcasting communications. We propose a strategy to provide different levels of QoS for the DVB-SH standard on the basis of an extension of the interleaving scheme, referred to as molded interleaver, which supports low latency service requirements for interactive services. An extensive analysis based on laboratory measurements shows the benefits of this solution. We also present a multilevel coding (MLC) scheme with multistage decoding designed for broadcasting communications as an alternative to the existing standards, where services with different levels of QoS are provided. We present a graphical method based on mutual information for the design and evaluation of MLC systems used for broadcasting communications. Extensive simulations for a typical satellite channel show the viability of the proposed MLC scheme. Finally, we introduce multidimensional constellations in the proposed MLC scheme in order to increase the number of different protection levels.
QoS-Oriented Solutions for Satellite Broadcasting Systems
Aharon Vargas,Wolfgang H. Gerstacker,Marco Breiling 한국통신학회 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.6
In this paper, we analyze the capability of satellite broadcasting systems to offer different levels of quality of service (QoS). We focus on the European telecommunications standards institute satellite digital radio and digital video broadcasting satellite handheld (DVB–SH) standards, which have recently been proposed for satellite broadcasting communications. We propose a strategy to provide different levels of QoS for the DVB–SH standard on the basis of an extension of the interleaving scheme, referred to as molded interleaver, which supports low latency service requirements for interactive services. An extensive analysis based on laboratory measurements shows the benefits of this solution. We also present a multilevel coding (MLC) scheme with multistage decoding designed for broadcasting communications as an alternative to the existing standards, where services with different levels of QoS are provided. We present a graphical method based on mutual information for the design and evaluation of MLC systems used for broadcasting communications. Extensive simulations for a typical satellite channel show the viability of the proposed MLC scheme. Finally, we introduce multidimensional constellations in the proposed MLC scheme in order to increase the number of different protection levels.
Veronica Falcone,Grammata Kotzaeridi,Melanie Hanne Breil,Ingo Rosicky,Tina Stopp,Gülen Yerlikaya-Schatten,Michael Feichtinger,Wolfgang Eppel,Peter Husslein,Andrea Tura,Christian S. Göbl 대한당뇨병학회 2019 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.43 No.6
Background: An early identification of the risk groups might be beneficial in reducing morbidities in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the biochemical predictors of glycemic conditions, in addition to fasting indices of glucose disposal, to predict the development of GDM in later stage and the need of glucose-lowering medication. Methods: A total of 574 pregnant females (103 with GDM and 471 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT]) were included. A metabolic characterization was performed before 15+6 weeks of gestation by assessing fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), fasting C-peptide (FCP), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Thereafter, the patients were followed-up until the delivery. Results: Females with NGT had lower levels of FPG, FI, FCP, or HbA1c at the early stage of pregnancy, and therefore, showed an improved insulin action as compared to that in females who developed GDM. Higher fasting levels of FPG and FCP were associated with a higher risk of developing GDM. Moreover, the predictive accuracy of this metabolic profiling was also good to distinguish the patients who required glucose-lowering medications. Indices of glucose disposal based on C-peptide improved the predictive accuracy compared to that based on insulin. A modified quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKIc) showed the best differentiation in terms of predicting GDM (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [ROC-AUC], 72.1%) or need for pharmacotherapy (ROC-AUC, 83.7%). Conclusion: Fasting measurements of glucose and C-peptide as well as the surrogate indices of glycemic condition could be used for stratifying pregnant females with higher risk of GDM at the beginning of pregnancy.