http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Branch, E.D. (검색결과 11 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
-
The Art and Science of Nursing: Care and Critical Thinking
Sheryl Branch Fain,Ramona Browder Lazenby 대한사고개발학회 1996 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.6 No.2
For over 100 years, the nurse was considered to be a subservient handmaiden who merely met the physical needs of the sick. Not until the Civil War was the importance of formal education acknowledged. Over the past 10-20 years, care has been lost from nursing while technology has soared .. Every day research reveals new and better ways to solve existing problems as well as the identification of new problems. Perhaps one of the fastest growing areas of new information discovery is in the field of health care. while all this technology may improve or prolong life, the nurse is left feeling overwhelmed and the patient feeling less than human. There must be a balance between the art (caring) and the science (critical thinking) of nursing. The equation to meet this balance is constantly being challenged. A common comment from all nurse educators is, "There is just not enough time to teach everything these students needs to know". Nurse educators must rethink the way nursing students are being educated. No longer can the instructor tell the student everything they need to know to be successful. Nurse educators must teach students how to think critically. Students must be taught basic concepts and then be taught to apply these basic concepts in varying situations. In tum the student becomes responsible for his/her own learning and begins to build upon the concepts of critical thinking.
-
-
Recent Trends in Gender Inequality Among US Workers and Prospects for the Year 2000 and Beyond
Barbara F. Reskin,Debra Branch McBrier 숙명여자대학교 아세아여성문제연구소 1995 Asian Women Vol.1 No.-
Throughout history and around the world, societies have assigned different tasks to women and men. Among workers, this sexual division of labor is calles sex segregation. Sometimes segregation separates men and women into different places of employment. More often women and men work in the same establishments, but do different jobs. Sex segregation almost always justifies higher pay for men. The level of sex segregation in other industrialized countries resembles that in the United States (Rosenfeld and Kalleberg 1911). But countries differ in which occupations usually employ women or men. In Japan, for example, women sell insurance door-to-door, a job men do in the United States. In India women work as construction laborers and men predominate in clerical occupations; in the US the reverse is true.
-
MONTANI, VALERIA,TANIGUCHI, SHIN-ICHI,SHONG, MINHO,SUZUKI, KOICHI,OHMORI, MASAYUKI,GIULIANI, CESIDIO,NAPOLITANO, GIORGIO,SAJI, MOTOYASU,FIORENTINO, BRUNO,REIMOLD, ANDREAS M.,TING, JENNY P.-Y,KOHN, LEO 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-
Aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex(MHC) classⅡ proteins on thyrocytes, which is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, is mimicked by γ-interferon (γ-IFN). To define elements and factors that regulate classⅡ gene expression in thyrocytes and that might be involved in aberrant expression, we have studied γ-IFN-induced HLA-DRα gene expression in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. The present report shows that classⅡ expression in FRTL-5 thyrocytes is positively regulated by the classⅡ transactivator (CIITA), and that CIITA mimics the action of γ-IFN. Thus as is the case for γ-IFN, several distinct and highly conserved elements on the 5'-flanking region of the HLA-DRα gene, the S, X_1, X_2, and Y boxes between -137 to -65 bp, are required for classⅡ gene expression induced by pCIITA transfection in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. CIITA and γ-IFN do not cause additive increases in HLA-DRα gene expression in FRTL-5 cells, consistent with the possibility that CIITA is an intermediate factor in the γ-IFN pathway to increased classⅡ gene expression. Additionally, γ-IFN treatment of FRTL-5 cells induces an endogenous CIITA transcript; pCIITA transfection mimics the ability of γ-IFN treatment of FRTL-5 thyroid cells to increase the formation of a specific and novel protein/DNA complex containing CBP, a coactivator of CRE binding proteins important for cAMP-induced gene expression; and the action of both γ-IFN and CIITA to increase classⅡ gene expression and increase complex formation is reduced by cotransfection of a thyroid Y box protein, which suppresses MHC classⅠ gene expression in FRTL-5 thyroid cells and is a homolog of human YB-1, which suppresses MHC classⅡ expression in human glioma cells. we conclude that CIITA and TSH receptor suppressor element binding protein-1 are components of the γ-IFN-regulated transduction system which, respectively, increase or decrease classⅡ gene expression in thyrocytes and may, therefore, be involved in aberrant classⅡ expression associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. (Endocrinology 139: 280-289, 1998)
-
Numerical Simulation of BOR scattering and radiation using a higher order FEM
Dunn, E.A.,Jin-Kyu Byun,Branch, E.D.,Jian-Ming Jin Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2006 IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Vol.54 No.3
<P>Numerical simulations of body-of-revolution geometries for scattering and radiation problems are presented. The formulation consists of a finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method which is based on a finite element method that uses higher order nodal-based scalar basis functions for the azimuthal field component and higher order edge-based vector basis functions for the transverse field. This formulation, when combined with a symmetric FE-BI hybridization scheme, yields a final system of equations that is more accurate than earlier first-order formulations. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and capabilities of the higher order solution</P>
-
Perspective on the management of hepatitis C in the DAA era
( T Jake Liang ),( Liver Diseases Branch ),( Niddk ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
The therapy of hepatitis C has experienced a tremendous growth and improvement over the last two decades. The initial monotherapy with interferon?α had a dismal result of less than 10% sustained virologic response rate. The combination of interferon?α with an old antiviral drug, ribavirin, led to a remarkable increase in the response rate. Next the improved formulation of pegylated interferon resulted in an even higher rate of treatment response. But for many years, the scientific community struggled with the development of new therapeutic regimens to improve on the response rate and to minimize the side effects from interferon based therapy. Basic scientific advances came to the rescue. Based on the knowledge of the viral life cycle and gene functions, a new era of hepatitis C therapy is dawning. With years of discovery work, preclinical testing and finally clinical trials, two direct acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting the protease function of the virus, telaprevir and boceprevir, were approved by the FDA last year. Many other DAAs, closely following behind, would likely be approved in the next few years. The DAAs, in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, can generate a sustained virologic response rate of more than 60% in HCV genotype 1 patients. The DAAs will likely change the landscape of treatment for hepatitis C. They are associated with more side effects than the standard peginterferon and ribavirin combination, and therefore need careful management. The DAAs also cannot be used alone and should only be used in genotype 1 patients. The DAAs are not approved for liver transplant, HIV/HCV co-infected, hemodialysis or pediatric patients. Deviation from recommended regimens may result in poorer response and potential unanticipated morbidity. Many questions regarding the DAAs remain and need to be adequately addressed. As the armamentarium of DAAs grows for therapy of hepatitis C in the next few years, it will be imperative to develop a rigorous evidence?based algorithm and set of recommendations for the use of these drugs.
-
Perspective on the management of hepatitis C in the DAA era
( T Jake Liang ),( Liver Diseases Branch ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-
The therapy of hepatitis C has experienced a tremendous growth and improvement over the last two decades. The initial monotherapy with interferon α had a dismal result of less than 10% sustained virologic response rate. The combination of interferon α with an old antiviral drug, ribavirin, led to a remarkable increase in the response rate. Next the improved formulation of pegylated interferon resulted in an even higher rate of treatment response. But for many years, the scientific community struggled with the development of new therapeutic regimens to improve on the response rate and to minimize the side effects from interferon based therapy. Basic scientific advances came to the rescue. Based on the knowledge of the viral life cycle and gene functions, a new era of hepatitis C therapy is dawning. With years of discovery work, preclinical testing and finally clinical trials, two direct acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting the protease function of the virus, telaprevir and boceprevir, were approved by the FDA last year. Many other DAAs, closely following behind, would likely be approved in the next few years. The DAAs, in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin, can generate a sustained virologic response rate of more than 60% in HCV genotype 1 patients. The DAAs will likely change the landscape of treatment for hepatitis C. They are associated with more side effects than the standard peginterferon and ribavirin combination, and therefore need careful management. The DAAs also cannot be used alone and should only be used in genotype 1 patients. The DAAs are not approved for liver transplant, HIV/HCV co-infected, hemodialysis or pediatric patients. Deviation from recommended regimens may result in poorer response and potential unanticipated morbidity. Many questions regarding the DAAs remain and need to be adequately addressed, As the armamentarium of DAAs grows for therapy of hepatitis C in the next few years, it will be imperative to develop a rigorous evidence based algorithm and set of recommendations for the use of these drugs.
-
-
연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
