Harris Hawks-Based Optimization Algorithm for Automatic LFC of the Interconnected Power System Using PD-PI Cascade Control

Barakat Mohamed,Donkol Ahmed,Hamed Hesham F. A.,Salama Gerges M. 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.4

This paper presents a new optimization tool-based population parameter called Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) and its application study to fi ne-tune the gains of well-designed proportional-derivative proportional-integral (PD-PI) cascade control to suppress the load frequency control (LFC) issues. The HHO based PID and PD-PI controllers are broadly implemented at two models with many circumstances for each model to ensure the eff ectiveness and the robustness of the proposed scheme at a high load disturbance, nonlinearity, and some critical parameters associated with the interconnected power system. First, a two-area non-reheat power plant is implemented, and the gains of PID and PD-PI controllers are adjusted using the proposed algorithm. In order to introduce extra realistic challenges, the governor-dead band is also modeled to ensure the robustness of the HHO/PD-PI in handling nonlinearity properties. Furthermore, to guarantee the suitability of the proposed HHO/PD-PI, a model with a mixture of power plants is carried out with and without the HVDC link, which is raised for the practical problems of LFC. Simulation results proved that; the proposed techniques HHO/PID and HHO/PD-PI provide superior performance compared to other reported strategies such as DE/PID, TLBO/PID, IGWO/PID, multi-objective/PID, and TLBO/2DOF-PID controllers. Finally, the dynamic investigation has also been completed using the random load pattern in system model-2, which shows the superior performance of HHO/PID and HHO/PD-PI schemes.

Generalized Hardware Post-processing Technique for Chaos-Based Pseudorandom Number Generators

Mohamed L. Barakat,Abhinav S. Mansingka,Ahmed G. Radwan,Khaled N. Salama 한국전자통신연구원 2013 ETRI Journal Vol.35 No.3

This paper presents a generalized post-processing technique for enhancing the pseudorandomness of digital chaotic oscillators through a nonlinear XOR-based operation with rotation and feedback. The technique allows full utilization of the chaotic output as pseudorandom number generators and improves throughput without a significant area penalty. Digital design of a third-order chaotic system with maximum function nonlinearity is presented with verified chaotic dynamics. The proposed post-processing technique eliminates statistical degradation in all output bits, thus maximizing throughput compared to other processing techniques. Furthermore, the technique is applied to several fully digital chaotic oscillators with performance surpassing previously reported systems in the literature. The enhancement in the randomness is further examined in a simple image encryption application resulting in a better security performance. The system is verified through experiment on a Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA with throughput up to 15.44 Gbit/s and logic utilization less than 0.84% for 32-bit implementations.

S-rGO/ZnS nanocomposite-mediated photocatalytic pretreatment of dairy wastewater to enhance aerobic digestion

Mohamed Abo El-Fetouh Barakat,Rajeev Kumar,Naief Hamoud Al-Makishah,Abdullatif Abdulkader Neamtallah,Ziad Omar Alafif 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.8

The treatment of real dairy wastewater by aerobic digestion is a time taking process due to the complex nature of organics present in dairy effluent. Herein, solar light-mediated photocatalytic pretreatment of the dairy wastewater was performed to decompose the complexed organic into shorter chair organics. The sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide/zinc sulfide (S-rGO/ZnS) nanocomposite was applied as an efficient photocatalyst to solubilize and decompose the organic components in dairy wastewater under natural solar light. The results showed that the photocatalytic treatment enhanced the solubilized chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) by 113% after 6 h of sunlight exposure as compared to 28.1% of SCOD under the photolysis conditions. The aerobic digestion of the pretreated dairy wastewater showed 94% removal of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) after 36 days. TCOD of pretreated and untreated dairy wastewater was decreased to the level 71mg/L and 257mg/L after the aerobic digestion, indicating the effectiveness of the pretreatment process. A water quality analysis of photocatalysis-aerobic treatment showed that the values for various parameters such as COD, total solids, nitrogen, alkalinity, oil and grease content, electrical conductivity and pH were at acceptable limits for environmental discharge of dairy effluent. This study reveals that photocatalytic pretreatment of dairy wastewater is an effective method for solubilization of the complex organic components of dairy effluents which can be easily decomposed by the microbes during the aerobic digestion process.

Physicochemical and photo-electrochemical characterization of novel N-doped nanocomposite ZrO₂/TiO₂ photoanode towards technology of dye-sensitized solar cells

Mohamed, Ibrahim M.A.,Dao, Van-Duong,Yasin, Ahmed S.,Mousa, Hamouda M.,Yassin, Mohamed A.,Khan, Muhammad Yasir,Choi, Ho-Suk,Barakat, Nasser A.M. Elsevier 2017 Materials characterization Vol.127 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work introduces the synthesis of N-doped nanocomposite of ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers (NFs) by use of both electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. The physicochemical properties of the introduced TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NFs are investigated to describe the morphology, crystallinity and chemistry through FESEM, SEM-EDX, XRD, TEM and XPS. As the results, the investigated material can be described as N@ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NFs. The crystal structure of the prepared TiO<SUB>2</SUB> is only anatase structure. Then, the novel NFs are utilized to design novel photoanode and photo-electrochemical characterization such as current-potential response under light, incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) are also investigated. The photovoltaic response showed that the efficiency of the DSCs employed N@ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> photoanode gave 4.95%, which was higher than those of DSCs designed with ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NFs (4.51%) and N@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NFs (4.41%) photoanodes. The high photo-response of DSC by use of N@ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NFs can be attributed to enhanced electrical conductivity, which is studied via EIS, and presence of active sites of N. These active sites can easily absorb dye-molecules in the step of dye-loading in the fabrication of DSC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N-doped ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers (NFs) are synthesized via facile two steps; electrospinning followed by hydrothermal. </LI> <LI> The produced NFs have only anatase crystal structure. </LI> <LI> 4.95% PV efficiency was achieved by the synthesized NFs. </LI> <LI> DSC based on N-doped ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NFs shows high electrical conductivity and low charge transfer resistance; 9.375Ω. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Micro-grid Monitoring and Supervision: Web-based SCADA Approach

Ali Mohamed A.,Barakat Mahmoud M.,Abokhalaf Masoud M.,Fadel Yasmin H.,Kandil Mohamed,Rasmy Mariam W.,Ali Osama N.,Besheer Ahmad H.,Emara Hassan M.,Bahgat Ahmed 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.5

Owing to the widespread use of the micro-grid concept to serve many real life applications, the main concern of this paper is to monitor, evaluate and manage the operational performance of an existent, already installed micro-grid that consists of On & Off grid PV systems in addition to the main grid supply. With the aid of customized web based SCADA system fully designed by authors, the performance evaluation of the proposed micro-grid is carried out in terms of energy consumption, power quality indices and energy cost based on Egypt’s energy current tariff . The designed system helps in both micro-grid status monitoring as well as load sharing between the main grid supply and the off grid PV energy system. The data of the on grid PV energy system are accessed and collected online directly from the inverter web server instead of downloading them offl ine from the PV inverter. In this case, data are analyzed with a reasonable refresh rate, which saves time and eff ort. Remote access platform is developed securely through a multi-level security authentication and strong data encryption using the OpenVPN protocol under the Dynamic Domain Name System service. Smart wired and wireless technology—used as integrated sensing devices to the developed SCADA system—enables easy system installation and running cost saving. Finally, to validate the collected data from the newly SCADA designed monitoring system, a performance characterization for the on grid PV system following international standards of yields calculations is carried out for 3 months in 2019.

A New Sender-Side Public-Key Deniable Encryption Scheme with Fast Decryption

( Tamer Mohamed Barakat ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.9

Deniable encryption, introduced in 1997 by Canetti, Dwork, Naor, and Ostrovsky, guarantees that the sender or the receiver of a secret message is able to “fake” the message encrypted in a specific ciphertext in the presence of a coercing adversary, without the adversary detecting that he was not given the real message. Sender - side deniable encryption scheme is considered to be one of the classification of deniable encryption technique which defined as resilient against coercing the sender. M. H. Ibrahim presented a sender - side deniable encryption scheme which based on public key and uncertainty of Jacobi Symbol [6]. This scheme has several problems; (1) it can`t be able to derive the fake message M<sub>f</sub> that belongs to a valid message set, (2) it is not secure against Quadratic Residue Problem (QRP), and (3) the decryption process is very slow because it is based dramatically on square root computation until reach the message as a Quadratic Non Residue (QNR). The first problem is solved by J. Howlader and S. Basu`s scheme [7]; they presented a sender side encryption scheme that allows the sender to present a fake message M_f from a valid message set, but it still suffers from the last two mentioned problems. In this paper we present a new sender-side deniable public-key encryption scheme with fast decryption by which the sender is able to lie about the encrypted message to a coercer and hence escape coercion. While the receiver is able to decrypt for the true message, the sender has the ability to open a fake message of his choice to the coercer which, when verified, gives the same ciphertext as the true message. Compared with both Ibrahim`s scheme and J. Howlader and S. Basu`s scheme, our scheme enjoys nice two features which solved the mentioned problems: (1) It is semantically secure against Quadratic Residue Problem; (2) It is as fast, in the decryption process, as other schemes. Finally, applying the proposed deniable encryption, we originally give a coercion resistant internet voting model without physical assumptions.

역돔 섭식 환경을 고려한 IoT 기반의 양식장 자동화 시스템 개발

하산버라켓모하메드 ( Hassan Barakat Mohamed ),유재현 ( Jae Hyun Yoo ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

The impacts associated with climate change and rapidly increasing global population will significantly affect the future of food security on the planet. This will put a lot of stress on our natural resources and current food sources. One of the key food sources that is going to be greatly affected is fish. Fish is an important source of protein and other vitamins, minerals and oils which we depend on. The increasing popularity of farming fish plays a pivotal role to ensure the global fish supplies maintained. However, there are many challenges for farmers to keep fish resources sustainable. Developing a water quality monitoring system is one of the methods to ensure sustainable management of the fish farm, which can improve issues of fish growth, delay harvest, and fish motility. Low water quality monitoring impacts fish growth, delay harvest, and fish motility. The optimal condition for fish production is dependent on physical, chemical and biological qualities of water. Water quality variables are temperature, pH, alkalinity, turbidity, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrate, etc. Among these parameters, the temperature, the dissolved oxygen, the pH and the ammonia are the most critical factors to affect fish production. This study aims to develop an automatic fish feeding system for the Tilapia fish farm that controls the above four key water quality parameters using the Internet of Things systems. The system will provide a user-friendly method for monitoring and controlling fish feeding cycles by sending real-time data to farmers. Fish feeding reaches maximum efficiency if the key water quality parameters are optimized. This enables fishes to better absorb the food and minimizes the feed waste, which could quickly develop into the accumulation of ammonia and other undesirable water quality issues affecting fish production in farms. For the experimental study, an automatic fish feeding system was built consisting of a fish tank, feeder, an aerator, and four sensors (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and ammonia), which are all linked to a central Arduino Uno board. The Arduino board is further connected to an Arduino Wi-Fi board which relays real-time data to a mobile application on a smartphone. The conditions of water quality to be optimized are the temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and unionized ammonia, which operates within 26-32℃, 6.1-8.3, 4.86-10.53 mg/l and 0.01-0.05 mg/l, respectively.

Alice Springs Orogeny (ASO) Footprints Tracing in Fresh Rocks in Arunta Region, Central Australia, Using Uranium/Lead (U-Pb) Geochronology

Kouame Yao(Kouame Yao ),Mohammed O. Idrees(Mohammed O. Idrees ),Abdul-Lateef Balogun(Abdul-Lateef Balogun ),Mohamed Barakat A. Gibril(Mohamed Barakat A. Gibril ) 대한자원환경지질학회 2023 자원환경지질 Vol.56 No.6

This study investigates the age of the surficial rocks in the Arunta region using Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) geochronological dating. Rock samples were collected at four locations, Cattle-Water Pass (CP 1610), Gough Dam (GD 1622 and GD 1610), and London-Eye (LE 1601), within the Strangways Metamorphic Complex and crushed by selFragging. Subsequently, the zircon grains were imaged using Cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis and the U-Pb (uranium and lead) isotope ratios and the chrono-stratigraphy were measured. The imaged zircon revealed an anomalous heterogeneous crystal structure. Ellipses of the samples at locations GD1601, CP1610, and GD1622 fall below the intercept indicating the ages produced discordant patterns, whereas LE1601 intersects the Concordia curve at two points, implying the occurrence of an event of significant impact. For the rock sample at CP1610, the estimated mean age is 1742.2 ± 9.2 Ma with mean squared weighted deviation (MSWD) = 0.49 and probability of equivalence of 0.90; 1748 ± 15 Ma -MSWD = 1.02 and probability of equivalence of 0.40 for GD1622; and 1784.4 ± 9.1 Ma with MSWD of 1.09 and probability of equivalence of 0.37 for LE1601. But for samples at GD1601, two different age groups with different means occurred: 1) below the global mean (1792.2 ± 32 Ma) estimated at 1738.2 ± 14 Ma with MSWD of 0.109 and probability of equivalence of 0.95 and 2) above it with mean of 1838.22 ± 14 Ma, MSWD of 1.6 and probability of equivalence of 0.95. Analysis of the zircon grains has shown a discrepancy in the age range between 1700 Ma and 1800 Ma compared to the ASO dated to have occurred between 440 and 300 Ma. Moreover, apparent similarity in age of the core and rim means that the mineral crystallized relatively quickly without significant interruptions and effect on the isotopic system. This may have constraint the timing and extent of geological events that might have affected the mineral, such as metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration.

Electrocatalytic behavior of a nanocomposite of Ni/Pd supported by carbonized PVA nanofibers towards formic acid, ethanol and urea oxidation: A physicochemical and electro-analysis study

Mohamed, Ibrahim M.A.,Yasin, Ahmed S.,Barakat, Nasser A.M.,Song, Seung A.,Lee, Ha Eun,Kim, Seong Su Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2018 Applied Surface Science Vol.435 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A nanocomposite of Ni/Pd supported by carbonized poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers (NFs) was synthesized via electrospinning followed by calcination under an argon atmosphere. The as-synthesized NFs were studied using physicochemical analyses, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), to investigate the morphology, crystallinity, effect of carbonization and surface chemistry of the NFs, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were utilized to study the performance of the NFs towards electrooxidation reactions. The designed NFs present superior electrocatalytic behavior in an acid medium towards formic acid oxidation, as well as urea and ethanol oxidation in an alkaline medium. The electrocatalytic performance of the bimetallic NFs appears to arise from the assembly of bimetallic Ni/Pd@NFs based on PVA, which has hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups can decrease the negative processes that occur as a result of metal-metal interactions, such as the aggregation process. This study introduces a novel non-precious electrocatalyst to facilitate the commercialization of fuel cells based on formic acid, urea and ethanol.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ni&Pd@C-nanofibers are synthesized via facile two steps; electrospinning followed by carbonization. </LI> <LI> The produced NFs have FCC-crystals with crystal size and d-spacing 18.08 and 0.211 nm, respectively. </LI> <LI> Enhancement on the produced current was observed as increase of formic acid concentration up to 3 mol/l. </LI> <LI> Cyclic voltammetry studies confirm the electrocatalytic performance of the synthesized-NFs towards ethanol and urea in alkaline medium. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Influence of the nanofibrous morphology on the catalytic activity of NiO nanostructures: an effective impact toward methanol electrooxidation

Barakat, Nasser AM,Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali,El-Newehy, Mohamed,Kim, Hak Yong Springer 2013 Nanoscale research letters Vol.8 No.1

<P>In this study, the influence of the morphology on the electrocatalytic activity of nickel oxide nanostructures toward methanol oxidation is investigated. Two nanostructures were utilized: nanoparticles and nanofibers. NiO nanofibers have been synthesized by using the electrospinning technique. Briefly, electrospun nanofiber mats composed of polyvinylpyrolidine and nickel acetate were calcined at 700°C for 1 h. Interestingly, compared to nanoparticles, the nanofibrous morphology strongly enhanced the electrocatalytic performance. The corresponding current densities for the NiO nanofibers and nanoparticles were 25 and 6 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. Moreover, the optimum methanol concentration increased to 1 M in case of the nanofibrous morphology while it was 0.1 M for the NiO nanoparticles. Actually, the one-dimensional feature of the nanofibrous morphology facilitates electrons' motion which enhances the electrocatalytic activity. Overall, this study emphasizes the distinct positive impact of the nanofibrous morphology on the electrocatalytic activity which will open a new avenue for modification of the electrocatalysts.</P>