SECTION 7 : ETHICS AND TECHNOLOGY IN SYSTEMS SCIENCES ; A Strategy Proposal for Sustainable Development

(Bala Subramanian),(Max Watzenboeck) 한국체계과학회 1997 SYSTEM THINKING GLOBALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND COM Vol.- No.-

A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies on the Therapeutic Potential of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) in the Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Balasubramanian Rajkapoor,Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir,Muthusamy Sudha,Gobinath Mirunalini,Balasubramanian Rajkapoor 대한약침학회 2023 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that occurs frequently among women of reproductive age and is a polygenic, multifactorial, endocrine, and metabolic disorder. PCOS is becoming more common as a result of risk factors such as current lifestyle, overnutrition, and stress. The use of traditional herbal medicine is higher among the global population. Hence, this review article focuses on the potential of Nigella sativa to manage women with PCOS. Methods: A literature search was carried out using databases including Medline, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Embase, and Science Direct, as well as reference lists, to identify relevant publications that support the use of N. sativa in the management of women with PCOS. Results: Several clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive constituent of black seed (N. sativa), thymoquinone, has potential for managing women with PCOS. Moreover, N. sativa may help to manage oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in women with PCOS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Conclusion: N. sativa has potential for use as a herbal medicine for managing women with PCOS as an integrative medicine along with traditional and modern medicine in conjunction with calorie restriction and regular exercise.

Response Surface Approach to Optimize the Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Parameters of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

( M. Balasubramanian ),( V. Jayabalan ),( V. Balasubramanian ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2007 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.13 No.4

Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is very widely used in the fabrication of advanced industrial equipment, combat vehicles, gas turbines, spacecraft and so on. The preferred welding process for titanium alloy is gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding due to its comparatively easier applicability and better economy. However, welding of titanium alloy leads to grain coarsening at the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone, and this often results in inferior weld mechanical properties and poor resistance to hot cracking. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to refine the fusion zone microstructure of titanium alloy by using a pulsed current GTA welding process instead of a constant current GTA welding process. Further mathematical models were developed by means of a response surface method, which enabled the process parameters to be optimized to achieve a minimum grain size and maximum hardness in GTA welding of the alloy under study. The parameter optimization involved the use of a response surface, contour plots and Kuhn-Tucker conditions.

Development of a Secure Routing Protocol using Game Theory Model in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Balasubramanian Paramasivan,Maria Johan Viju Prakash,Madasamy Kaliappan 한국통신학회 2015 Journal of communications and networks Vol.17 No.1

In mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), nodes are mobile in nature. Collaboration between mobile nodes is more significant in MANETs, which have as their greatest challenges vulnerabilities to various security attacks and an inability to operate securely while preserving its resources and performing secure routing among nodes. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective secure routing protocol to protect the nodes from anonymous behaviors. Currently, game theory is a tool that analyzes, formulates and solves selfishness issues. It is seldom applied to detect malicious behavior in networks. It deals, instead, with the strategic and rational behavior of each node. In our study,we used the dynamic Bayesian signaling game to analyze the strategy profile for regular and malicious nodes. This game also revealed the best actions of individual strategies for each node. Perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) provides a prominent solution for signaling games to solve incomplete information by combining strategies and payoff of players that constitute equilibrium. Using PBE strategies of nodes are private information of regular and malicious nodes. Regular nodes should be cooperative during routing and update their payoff, while malicious nodes take sophisticated risks by evaluating their risk of being identified to decide when to decline. This approach minimizes the utility of malicious nodes and it motivates better cooperation between nodes by using the reputation system. Regular nodes monitor continuously to evaluate their neighbors using belief updating systems of the Bayes rule.

3D QSAR Study on Pyrrolopyrimidines-Based Derivatives as LIM2 Kinase Inhibitors

Balasubramanian, Pavithra K.,Balupuri, Anand,Cho, Seung Joo The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2015 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.8 No.4

LIM kinases belong to the serine/Threonine kinase family. The members of the LIM kinase (LIMK) family include LIMK 1 and 2 which are involved in the regulation of actin polymerisation and microtubule disassembly. LIMK1 was shown to be involved in cancer metastasis, while LIMK2 activation promotes cells cycle progression. Since LIMK2 plays a vital role in many disease conditions such as pulmonary hypertension, cancer and viral diseases, and till date there are not much selective inhibitors been reported, LIMK2 becomes an interesting therapeutic target among the kinases. 3D QSAR study was carried out on a series of pyrrolopyrimidines based derivatives as LIMK2 inhibitors. A reasonable CoMFA ($q^2$=0.888; ONC=3; $r^2$=0.974) with good statistical values was developed. The developed model was validated using 1000 runs of boostrapping and was found to be predictable. The results of CoMFA contour map analysis suggested that the bulky substitution at $R_4$ and $R_5$ position are highly desirable to increase the activity. Similarly, positive substitution at $R_3$ position is also required to increase the activity. It is also noted that bulky substitution at $R_1$ position must be avoided. Our results could provide valuable information to enhance the activity of the LIMK2 inhibitors and to design potent pyrrolopyrimidines derivatives.

A New Model to Predict the Fatigue Life of Flux Cored Arc Welded Cruciform Joints Containing LOP Defects

Balasubramanian, V .,Guha, B . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.4

A mathematical model has been developed to predict the fatigue life of Flux Cored Arc Welded (FCAW) cruciform joints containing lack of Penetration (LOP) defect. High strength, Quenched and Tempered steel ASTM 517 'F' Grade bas been used as the base material throughout the investigation. Two level, full factorial technique has been applied to design the experiments. The model has been developed by Response Surface Method (RSM). The adequacy of the model have been checked by ANOVA technique and correlation co-efficient. By using the developed model, fatigue life of flux cared arc welded cruciform joints, containing LOP defects, can be predicted at 95% confidence level.

Ligand-Based CoMFA Study on Pyridylpyrazolopyridine Derivatives as PKCθ Kinase Inhibitors

Balasubramanian, Pavithra K.,Balupuri, Anand,Cho, Seung Joo The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.4

Protein kinase C theta (PKC-${\theta}$) is a serine/threonine specific protein kinase. It is largely expressed in the T-cells and CD28 signaling. PKC-${\theta}$ phosphorylates diverse proteins that are involved in the various cellular signaling pathways. Activated PKC-${\theta}$ in turn activates other transcription factors that control the proliferation and differentiation of T- cells. PKC-${\theta}$ is considered to be an interesting therapeutic target due to its crucial role in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of T-cells. In the present study, we have performed ligand-based CoMFA study on a series of pyridylpyrazolopyridine derivatives as PKC-${\theta}$ inhibitors. An acceptable CoMFA model ($q^2$=0.544; ONC=4; $r^2$=0.876) was developed and validated by Bootsrapping and progressive sampling. The CoMFA contour map suggested the regions to increase the activity. Bulky substitutions in R2 position of the piperizine ring could increase the activity. Similarly positive, small substitution in the R1 position of the Pyridine ring could considerably increase the activity. Our work could assist in designing more potent PKC-${\theta}$ inhibitors of pyridylpyrazolopyridine derivatives.

3D QSAR Studies of Mps1 (TTK) Kinase Inhibitors Based on CoMFA

Balasubramanian, Pavithra K.,Balupuri, Anand,Cho, Seung Joo The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2016 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.9 No.2

Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is an attractive cancer target due to its high expression levels in a wide range of cancer cells. Mps1 is a dual specificity kinase. It plays an essential role in mitosis. The high expression od Mps1 was observed in various grades of breast cancers. In the current study, we have developed a CoMFA model of pyridazine derivatives as Mps1 kinase inhibitors. The developed CoMFA model ($q^2=0.797$; ONC=6; $r^2=0.992$) exhibited a good predictive ability. The model was then validated by Leave out five, progressive sampling and bootstrapping and found to be robust. The analysis of the CoMFA contour maps depicted favorable and unfavorable regions to enhance the activity. Bulky positive substitution at $R^3$ position and Negative substitution in $R^1$ position is favored could increase the activity. In contrast, bulky substitution in $R^1$ position is not favored. Our results can be used in designing a potent Mps1 (TTK) inhibitor.

Modeling the Underwater Light Field Fluctuations in Coastal Oceanic Waters: Validation with Experimental Data

Balasubramanian Sundarabalan,Palanisamy Shanmugam,안유환 한국해양과학기술원 2016 Ocean science journal Vol.51 No.1

Modeling of the wave-induced underwater light fluctuations at near-surface depths in coastal oceanic waters is challenging because of the surface roughness and strong anisotropic effects of the light field. In the present work, a simple and computationally efficient radiative transfer model is used for the wind-driven sea surface for simulating underwater light fields such as downwelling irradiance (Ed), upwelling irradiance (Eu), and upwelling radiance (Lu) in a spatial domain. It is an extension of our previous work that essentially combines the air–sea interface of the wind-driven sea surface with transmittance and reflectance along with the diffuse and direct components of the homogenous and inhomogeneous water column. The present model simulates underwater light fields for any possible values of absorption and backscattering coefficients. To assess the performance of the model, the Ed, Eu, and Lu profiles predicted by the model are compared with experimental data from relatively clear and turbid coastal waters. Statistical results show significantly low mean relative differences regardless of the wavelength. Comparison of the simulated and in-situ time series data measured over rough sea surfaces demonstrates that model-observation agreement is good for the present model. The Hydrolight model when implemented with the modified bottom reflectance and phase function provides significantly better results than the original Hydrolight model without consideration of the bottom slope and vertically varying phase function. However, these results are non-spatial and have errors fluctuating at different wavelengths. To further demonstrate the efficiency of the present model, spatial distribution patterns of the underwater light fields are simulated based on the measured data from a coastal station for different solar zenith angles (under sunny condition). Simulated wave-induced fluctuations of the underwater lights fields show a good consistency with in-situ data for a few near-surface depths. The present model also provides a reasonable approximation for simulating wave-induced effects on the downward irradiance field and its anisotropic conditions caused by the surface roughness, wavelength and angle of incidence.

A CoMFA Study of Phenoxypyridine-Based JNK3 Inhibitors Using Various Partial Charge Schemes

Balasubramanian, Pavithra K.,Balupuri, Anand,Cho, Seung Joo The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.1

The (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3) JNK3 is a potential therapeutic target for various neurological disorders. Here, a three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study on phenoxypyridine as JNK3 inhibitors was performed to rationalize the structural requirements responsible for the inhibitory activity of these compounds. The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) using different partial atomic charges, was employed to understand the structural factors affecting JNK3 inhibitory potency. The Gasteiger-Marsili yielded a CoMFA model with cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2$) of 0.54 and non-cross-validated correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of 0.93 with five components. Furthermore, contour maps suggested that bulky substitution with oxygen atom in $R^3$ position could enhance the activity considerably. The work suggests that further chemical modifications of the compounds could lead to enhanced activity and could assist in the design of novel JNK3 inhibitors.