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Design Features and Operating Characteristics of the MM-22 Microtron for Radiotherapy
Bak, Joo-Shik,Lee, Dong-Hun Korean Nuclear Society 1990 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.22 No.4
The MM-22 medical microtron at Korea Cancer Center Hospital is now operational for high energy electron and photon therapy, This microtron is designed to produce 5.3-22.5 MeV electron beams and deliver these to the treatment head through beam transport system with an intensity and stability suitable for cancer treatment. The availability of high quality radiation modalities from the MM-22 shows new possibilities in the treatment of deep seated tumours. Principle of operation, system structures and operating characteristics of the MM-22 are described in this paper.
Design Features and Operating Characteristics of the MC-50 Cyclotron
Bak, Hae-Ill,Bak, Joo-Shik Korean Nuclear Society 1989 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.21 No.3
원자력병원에 설치되어 있는 MC-50 싸이클로트론은 중성자 치료와 의학용 동위원소 생산을 위해 가동중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 MC-50의 설계 특징, 기계적 구조, 가동 특성에 대하여 기술하고 있다. 본 싸이클로트론의 최적 가동 조건은 반복적인 운전에 의해 결정되었으며, 내부 빔의 성능은 싸이클로트론 반경의 함수로서 내부 빔의 세기 및 공간 분포 측정을 통해 조사되어졌다. 일상적으로, 인출효율이 61%일 때 40$\mu$A세기의 50 MeV 양성자 빔을 얻었다.
Performance Evaluation of Metallic Seal for KSTAR Vacuum Vessel
Geunhong Kim,Joo-shik Bak,Young-shin Lee 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
The KSTAR vacuum vessel, the enclosed volume of which is about 110 m3, has a total of 72 ports that must be equipped with demountable seals, The vacuum vessel is designed for bake-out up to 130 by using pressurized hot water and for a base pressure of 1.33 × 10.6 Pa. The leak rate for each seal must be less than 1 × 10.11 Pa · m3/s and the seal must be compatible with vacuum vessel base pressure of 1.33 × 10.6 Pa after bake-out. Trypack r is an energized spring metal seal which consists of an inconel spring and two envelopes surrounding it, and has lower compression load and higher recovery rate. Trypack r is therefore being widely applied for ultrahigh vacuum, aerospace, semiconductor, and spent nuclear fuel storage applications. In this sealing test, various tests such as compression-decompression cycles, stress relaxation, and a thermal cycle test have been carried out to assess the applicability of Trypack r for the large and non-circular ports in the KSTAR.
CONSTRUCTION, ASSEMBLY AND COMMISSIONING OF KSTAR MAIN STRUCTURES
Yang, Hyung-Lyeol,Bak, Joo-Shik,Kim, Byung-Chul,Choi, Chang-Ho,Kim, Woong-Chae,Her, Nam-Il,Hong, Kwon-Hee,Kim, Geung-Hong,Kim, Hak-Kun,Sa, Jeong-Woo,Kim, Hong-Tack,Kim, Kyung-Min,Kim, Sang-Tae Korean Nuclear Society 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.6
The KSTAR device succeeded in first plasma generation on $13^{th}$ June of 2008 through comprehensive system test and commissioning. Among various kinds of the key factors that decisively affected the project, success in the construction and assembly of the major tokamak structure was most important one. Every engineering aspects of each structure were finally confirmed in the integrated commissioning period, and there were no severe troubles and failures prevented the KSTAR device from operating during the commissioning and the first plasma experiments. As a result, all of the experiences and technologies achieved through the KSTAR construction process are expected to be important fundamentals for future construction projects of superconducting fusion devices. This paper summarizes key engineering features of the major structures and of the machine assembly.
Kim,Byung-Mun,Kim,Young-Sear,Bak,Joo-Shik,Lee,Jong-Du,Yoo,Seong-Yul,Koh,Kyung-Hwan 대한방사선 방어학회 1990 방사선방어학회지 Vol.15 No.2
원자력병원에 설치된 MC-50의학용 싸이클로트론은 4년간의 장비 도입 계획, 장비 인수 및 설치 그리고 빔 특성조사를 거쳐서 1986년 11월부터 가동을 시작하였다. MC-50싸이클로트론은 현재 중성자 치료 및 방사성 동위원소 생산에 이용되고 있다. 1989년 12현재, 중성자선 치료는 총 179명(1852 sessions)의 환자에서 시행되었다. 핵의학 분야에 이용되는 방사성 동위원소의 생산은 표적운반, 표적용융, 빔 진단 그리고 화학적 처리과정에 관한 문제들을 해결하기 위한 다각적인 연구를 거친 수 1989년 3월부터 시작하였다. 이 논문은 중성자 치료와 동위원소 생산에 이용된 MC-50싸이클로트론의 운영 현황 및 장비의 특서에 대하여 기술하였으며, 또한 1989년도의 운영결과 및 제반 문제점들을 요약하였다. 1989년도 총 운전시간은 1252.5시간이었으며 이 중 중성자 치료에 400시간을 이용하였다(599 sessions). 동위원소 생산에는 832.5시간을 이용하여 총 1695mCi(Ga-67 : 1478mCi, Tl-201 :107 mCi, I-123 : 23mCi, In-111 :85mCi)를 생산하였다. 빔 특성실험 및 기타 연구에는 20시간을 이용하였다. 1989년도의 가동율은 88.2%이었으며 전년도의 71.0%에 비하여 현저히 향상되었다. After four years of planning, equipment acquisition, facility construction and beam testing, the KCCH cyclotron facility was put into operation in November 1986. Now the KCCH cyclotron(MC-50) has been used for four years in neutron therapy and radioisotope production. Up to December 1989, 179(1852 sessions) patients have undergone neutron therapy. Radioisotope production for nuclear medicine use was started from March 1989 after extensive work to overcome target transport, target melting, beam diagnostic and chemical processing problems-This status report introduces the cyclotron facility, and the experiences of neutron therapy and isotope production with the MC-50 cyclotron. Besides, the operation results and the general troublesof the MC-50 during 1989 are summarized. Total operation time was 1252.5 hours. Four hundred hours were used for neutron therapy of 599 treatment sessions and 832.5 hoursfor radioisotope production. Total amount of produced raioisotope was 1695 mCi(Ga-67 : 1478 mCi, Tl-201 : 107 mCi, 1-123 : 25 mCi, In-111:85 mCi). Twenty hours were used for scheduled beam testing. In 1989, 88.2% of the planned operation were performed on schedule snd this rats is improved remarkably compared to 71.0% in 1988.
COMMISSIONING RESULT OF THE KSTAR HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Park, Dong-Seong,Chang, Hyun-Sik,Joo, Jae-Joon,Moon, Kyung-Mo,Cho, Kwang-Woon,Kim, Yang-Soo,Bak, Joo-Shik,Cho, Myeon-Chul,Kwon, Il-Keun,Andrieu, Frederic,Beauvisage, Jerome,Desambrois, Stephane,Fauve, Korean Nuclear Society 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.6
To keep the superconducting (SC) magnet coils of KSTAR at proper operating conditions, not only the coils but also other cold components, such as thermal shields (TS), magnet structures, SC bus-lines (BL), and current leads (CL) must be maintained at their respective cryogenic temperatures. A helium refrigeration system (RRS) with an exergetic equivalent cooling power of 9 kW at 4.5 K without liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) pre-cooling has been manufactured and installed. The main components of the KST AR helium refrigeration system (HRS) can be classified into the warm compression system (WCS) and the cryogenic devices according to the operating temperature levels. The process helium is compressed from 1 bar to 22 bar passing through the WCS and is supplied to cryogenic devices. The main components of cryogenic devices are consist of cold box (C/B) and distribution box (D/B). The C/B cool-down and make the various cryogenic helium for the KSTAR Tokamak and the various cryogenic helium is distributed by the D/B as per the KSTAR requirement. In this proceeding, we will present the commissioning results of the KSTAR HRS. Circuits which can simulate the thermal loads and pressure drops corresponding to the cooling channels of each cold component of KSTAR have been integrated into the helium distribution system of the HRS. Using those circuits, the performance and the capability of the HRS, to fulfill the mission of establishing the appropriate operating condition for the KSTAR SC magnet coils, have been successfully demonstrated.
이동훈,박주식,Lee Dong-Hun,Bak Joo-Shik 대한방사선치료학회 1990 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.4 No.1
The MM-22 medical microtron at Korea Cancer Center Hospital has been running for radiotherapy since it was installed in 1986. The microtron is a very flexible radiation therapy device with excellent radiation field for photon or electron therapy. The microtron accelerates elections from an energy of minimun 5.3MeV to an energy of maximum 22.5MeV. The electrons are led from the microtron to the treatment head via a beam transport system and are used for radiotherapy. Present paper describes the system structures and operating characteristics of the MM-22 microtron and its therapy unit.
박동성(Dong-Seong Park),장현식(Hyun-Sik Chang),주재준(Jae-Joon Joo),문경모(Kyung-Mo Moon),조광운(Kwang-Woon Cho),김양수(Yang-Soo Kim),박주식(Ju-Shik Bak),권일근(Il-Keun Kwon),조면철(Myeon-Chul Cho),양승한(Seung-Han Yang) 대한설비공학회 2008 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.2
The main components of the KSTAR helium refrigeration system (HRS) can be classified into the warm compression system (WCS) and the cryogenic devices according to the operating temperature levels. The WCS itself consists of the compressor station (C/S) and the oil removal system (ORS). The process helium is compressed from 1 bar to 22 bar maximum in the C/S and downstream, the ORS removes the oil mixed in the helium to less than 10 ppbw as per the operation criteria of the cryogenic devices of the KSTAR HRS. After the installation, the pre-commissioning and commissioning activities were started on July, 2007. Before the start-up of the C/S, vibration measurement and the skid reinforcement jobs were performed for stable operation of the C/S. The results of the WCS performance tests met the requirements of the KSTAR HRS but satisfied the vibration level criteria only at the compressors’ full load condition.
COMMISSIONING RESULT OF THE KSTAR HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
DONG-SEONG PARK,HYUN-SIK CHANG,JAE-JOON JOO,KYUNG-MO MOON,KWANG-WOON CHO,YANG-SOO KIM,JOO-SHIK BAK,MYEON-CHUL CHO,IL-KEUN KWON,FREDERIC ANDRIEU,JEROME BEAUVISAGE,STEPHANE DESAMBROIS,ERIC FAUVE,MICHEL 한국원자력학회 2008 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.40 No.6
To keep the superconducting (SC) magnet coils of KSTAR at proper operating conditions, not only the coils but also other cold components, such as thermal shields (TS), magnet structures, SC bus-lines (BL), and current leads (CL) must be maintained at their respective cryogenic temperatures. A helium refrigeration system (HRS) with an exergetic equivalent cooling power of 9 kW at 4.5 K without liquid nitrogen (LN₂) pre-cooling has been manufactured and installed. The main components of the KSTAR helium refrigeration system (HRS) can be classified into the warm compression system (WCS) and the cryogenic devices according to the operating temperature levels. The process helium is compressed from 1 bar to 22 bar passing through the WCS and is supplied to cryogenic devices. The main components of cryogenic devices are consist of cold box (C/B) and distribution box (D/B). The C/B cool-down and make the various cryogenic helium for the KSTAR Tokamak and the various cryogenic helium is distributed by the D/B as per the KSTAR requirement. In this proceeding, we will present the commissioning results of the KSTAR HRS. Circuits which can simulate the thermal loads and pressure drops corresponding to the cooling channels of each cold component of KSTAR have been integrated into the helium distribution system of the HRS. Using those circuits, the performance and the capability of the HRS, to fulfill the mission of establishing the appropriate operating condition for the KSTAR SC magnet coils, have been successfully demonstrated.