Pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound increases penetration and therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in murine xenograft tumors

Wang, S.,Shin, I.S.,Hancock, H.,Jang, B.s.,Kim, H.s.,Lee, S.M.,Zderic, V.,Frenkel, V.,Pastan, I.,Paik, C.H.,Dreher, M.R. Elsevier Science Publishers 2012 Journal of controlled release Vol.162 No.1

The success of radioimmunotherapy for solid tumors remains elusive due to poor biodistribution and insufficient tumor accumulation, in part, due to the unique tumor microenvironment resulting in heterogeneous tumor antibody distribution. Pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (pulsed-HIFU) has previously been shown to increase the accumulation of <SUP>111</SUP>In labeled B3 antibody (recognizes Lewis<SUP>y</SUP> antigen). The objective of this study was to investigate the tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy of pulsed-HIFU exposures combined with <SUP>90</SUP>Y labeled B3 mAb in an A431 solid tumor model. The ability of pulsed-HIFU (1MHz, spatial averaged temporal peak intensity=2685Wcm<SUP>-2</SUP>; pulse repetition frequency=1Hz; duty cycle=5%) to improve the tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy of <SUP>90</SUP>Y labeled B3 mAb (<SUP>90</SUP>Y-B3) was evaluated in Le<SUP>y</SUP>-positive A431 tumors. Antibody penetration from the tumor surface and blood vessel surface was evaluated with fluorescently labeled B3, epi-fluorescent microscopy, and custom image analysis. Tumor size was monitored to determine treatment efficacy, indicated by survival, following various treatments with pulsed-HIFU and/or <SUP>90</SUP>Y-B3. The pulsed-HIFU exposures did not affect the vascular parameters including microvascular density, vascular size, and vascular architecture; although 1.6-fold more antibody was delivered to the solid tumors when combined with pulsed-HIFU. The distribution and penetration of the antibodies were significantly improved (p-value<0.05) when combined with pulsed-HIFU, only in the tumor periphery. Pretreatment with pulsed-HIFU significantly improved (p-value<0.05) survival over control treatments.

Variable number of tandem repeats of 9 Plasmodium vivax genes among Southeast Asian isolates

Wang, B.,Nyunt, M.H.,Yun, S.G.,Lu, F.,Cheng, Y.,Han, J.H.,Ha, K.S.,Park, W.S.,Hong, S.H.,Lim, C.S.,Cao, J.,Sattabongkot, J.,Kyaw, M.P.,Cui, L.,Han, E.T. Verlag fur Recht und Gesellschaft 2017 Acta tropica Vol.170 No.-

<P>The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) provides valuable information about both the functional and evolutionary aspects of genetic diversity. Comparative analysis of 3 Plasmodium falciparum genomes has shown that more than 9% of its open reading frames (ORFs) harbor VNTRs. Although microsatellites and VNTR genes of P. vivax were reported, the VNTR polymorphism of genes has not been examined widely. In this study, 230 P. vivax genes were analyzed for VNTRs by SERV, and 33 kinds of TR deletions or insertions from 29P. vivax genes (12.6%) were found. Of these, 9 VNTR fragments from 8 P. vivax genes were used for PCR amplification and sequence analysis to examine the genetic diversity among 134 isolates from four Southeast Asian countries (China, Republic of Korea, Thailand, and Myanmar) with different malaria endemicity. We confirmed the existence of extensive polymorphism of VNTR fragments in field isolates. This detection provides several suitable markers for analysis of the molecular epidemiology of P. vivax field isolates. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST

Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11

Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected

Bactericidal effect through non-uptake pathway with photofunctional silicon polymer that generates reactive oxygen species

Wang, K.K.,Jung, S.J.,Hwang, J.W.,Kim, B.J.,Kim, D.H.,Bae, I.K.,Jeong, S.H.,Kim, Y.R. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Chemist Vol.315 No.-

<P>We report bactericidal effect of photosensitizer (H2TPP: 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphyrin) through non-uptake pathway and efficacy of the photofunctional silicon polymer to the decomposition of the formed biofilm and the suppression of the biofilm formation. The photoftmctional silicon polymer (PSP), which is the silicon polymer embedded with a photosensitizer, is fabricated by a simple solvent swell-encapsulation-shrink method. Reactive oxygen generation from PSP was confirmed by using the decomposition reaction of 1,3-diphnyl-isobenzofuran (DPBF). Also, singlet oxygen generation which is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) from PSP is directly confirmed with time and wavelength resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence spectroscopy. For the influence study of ROS under the non-uptake condition of photosensitizer (PS to bacteria), photodynamic inactivation (PDI) effect of PSP is evaluated for Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Those microorganisms were inactivated by PSP within 1 h under the given power of laser light (63.7 mW/cm(2)). Among the bacteria, especially, Staphylococcus aureus as the Gram-positive bacteria were completely disinfected under the given experimental condition. Furthermore, PSP successfully demonstrates the decomposition of the formed biofilm and the suppression of the biofilm formation with green light emitting diode (GLED, 3.5 mW/cm(2),lambda(max) = 517 nm, FWHM = 37 nm), which shows the practical application possibility of bactericidal material. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Self-healable mussel-mimetic nanocomposite hydrogel based on catechol-containing polyaspartamide and graphene oxide

Wang, B.,Jeon, Y.S.,Park, H.S.,Kim, J.H. Elsevier 2016 Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for Vol.69 No.-

<P>Stimuli-responsive and self-healing materials have a wide range of potential uses, and some significant research has focused on cross-linking of hydrogel materials by means of reversible coordination bonding. The resulting materials, however, tend to have poor mechanical properties with pronounced weakness and brittleness. In this work, we present a novel mussel-inspired graphene oxide(GO)-containing hydrogel based on modified polyaspartamide with gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), 3A-dihydroxyphenethylamine (DOPA), and ethanolamine (EA), termed PolyAspAm(GABA/DOPA/EA). Here both GO nanosheets and boric acid (H3BO3) act as cross-linkers, interacting with polar functional groups of the PolyAspAm(GABA/DOPA/EA). Compared to PolyAspAm(GABA/DOPA/EA)/B3+ gel without GO, the same containing 5 wt% of GO yielded a 10-fold increase in both the storage and loss moduli, as well as 134% and 104% increases in the tensile and compressive strengths, respectively. In addition, the GO-containing polyaspartamide hydrogel exhibited rapid and autonomous self-healing property. Two types of bonding, boron-catechol coordination and strong hydrogen bonding interactions between PolyAspAm side chains and GO nanosheets, would impart the enhanced mechanical strength and good reversible gelation behavior upon pH stimulation to the hydrogel, making this biocompatible hydrogel a promising soft matter for biomedical applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of FePt film on Si Substrate with SiO₂ Under Layer and B₄C Top Layer

H. Wang,Q. Mo,J. Zhang,F.J. Yang,Y. Wang,H.B. Wang 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Development of an efficient process for recovery of fucose in a multi-component mixture of monosugars stemming from defatted microalgal biomass

Hong, S.B.,Choi, J.H.,Park, H.,Wang, N.H.L.,Chang, Y.K.,Mun, S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.56 No.-

<P>One of highly promising ways for fucose production is to utilize the defatted residue of microalgae as the fucose source. A prerequisite for such fucose-production strategy is a robust separation process that can perform an efficient recovery of fucose in a monosugar mixture coming from the hydrolysis of the defatted microalgal biomass. To develop such process, we first selected a prospective large-scale adsorbent that had a sufficiently high selectivity between fucose and other monosugar components. The selected adsorbent was then experimented in accordance with the principle of multiple frontal analysis in order to obtain the intrinsic parameters of the relevant monosugar components. Using the resultant parameters, the optimal design of the fucose-separation process of interest was carried out on the basis of a simulated moving bed (SMB) technology. The validity of the designed process was investigated first with detailed model simulation, and then with a continuous fucose-separation experiment based on the self-assembled SMB equipment. The results of the SMB experiment demonstrated that the developed process was highly effective in continuous separation of fucose with the purity of 97.1% while maintaining its loss as low as 0%. It is thus expected that the results in this study can contribute to a meaningful improvement in the economical efficiencies of both a microalgae based biodiesel-production process and a fucose-production process. (C) 2017 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Components-dependent magnetic switching of CoFeB and CoFeSiB magnetic tunnel junction

T. X. Wang,D. K. Kim,B. S. Chuna,Y. K. Kima 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Two kinds of amorphous Co-rich magnetic amorphous films of CoFeB and CoFeSiB of different compositions were prepared by magnetron sputtering and applied as ferromagnetic electrodes in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The spin polarization of CoFeB is rather sensitive to its composition, but not necessarily to magnetic switching behavior. The switching fields were around 30 Oe for Co contents ranging from 60 to 85 at. %). On the contrary, the switching behavior of CoFeSiB was very sensitive to its Co content (5 to 20 Oe as Co content increased from 71 to 81 at. %), with tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR) ratio saturated when Co surpass 74 at. %. Comparatively, CoFeSiB can be a good candidate for future high density spin memory devices to reduce the switching field or critical current with its excellent adjustable soft magnetic behavior and high spin polarization by properly adjust the contents of metalloid elements Si and B. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert micromagnetics simulation was employed to investigate the size dependenceof MTJs with magnetically soft CoFeSiB free layer with ellipsoidal cells with sizes from 1 μm to 60 nm, using the magnetic parameters extracted from the experiment. The switching field needed was smaller compared to that of the Co [1] and CoFe [2] junctions but slightly larger than that of the NiFe [3] junction at corresponding sizes reported. Above-mentioned features associated with amorphous CoFeSiB junction appear attractive for MRAM applications.

In-situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of micromechanical behavior of multiple phases in Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ shape memory alloy

Sun, G.A.,Wang, X.L.,Wang, Y.D.,Woo, W.C.,Wang, H.,Liu, X.P.,Chen, B.,Fu, Y.Q.,Sheng, L.S.,Ren, Y. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.560 No.-

High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique was used to in-situ characterize microstructure, lattice strain, and phase transition behavior of a Ni<SUB>47</SUB>Ti<SUB>44</SUB>Nb<SUB>9</SUB> shape memory alloy. Phase transformation kinetics and deformation mechanisms were studied under a uniaxial tension at three testing temperatures, i.e., -70<SUP>o</SUP>C, 25<SUP>o</SUP>C, and 150<SUP>o</SUP>C. At a testing temperature of -70<SUP>o</SUP>C, a complicated phase transformation with four stages of micromechanical deformation was identified which is associated with changes of martensite substructures. At room temperature of 25<SUP>o</SUP>C, there was no stress-induced selection process of variants of B19' phases observed. Whereas at a testing temperature of 150<SUP>o</SUP>C, there was no any phase transformation observed. It is verified that β-Nb phase, an effective stabilizer for the austenite, delays the process of martensitic transformation and relaxes the strain energy without strengthening the matrix. This new finding is important to understand the relationship between the micromechanical deformation behavior and phase transformations in the Ni<SUB>47</SUB>Ti<SUB>44</SUB>Nb<SUB>9</SUB> SMA.

Search forB0→pΛ¯π−γat Belle

Lai, Y.-T.,Wang, M.-Z.,Adachi, I.,Aihara, H.,Asner, D. M.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Bakich, A. M.,Bala, A.,Bhuyan, B.,Bobrov, A.,Bozek, A.,Brač,ko, M.,Browder, T. E.,Chang, P.,Chekelian, V.,Chen, American Physical Society 2014 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.89 No.5

<P>We search for the charmless B-o decay with final state particles p (Lambda) over bar pi(-)gamma using the full data sample that contains 772 x 10(6)B (B) over bar pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. This decay is predicted to proceed predominantly via the b -> s gamma radiative penguin process with a high energy photon. No significant signal is found. We set an upper limit of 6.5 x 10(-7) for the branching fraction of B-o -> p (Lambda) over bar pi(-)gamma at the 90% confidence level.</P>