Proceedings from the Ice Hockey Summit III: Action on Concussion

Aynsley M Smith(Aynsley M Smith ),Patrick A Alford(Patrick A Alford ),Mark Aubry(Mark Aubry ),Brian Benson(Brian Benson ),Amanda Black(Amanda Black ),Alison Brooks(Alison Brooks ),Charles Burke(Charle 사피엔시아 2019 Exercise Medicine Vol.3 No.-

Objectives: The Ice Hockey Summit III provided updated scientific evidence on concussions in hockey to inform these five objectives: (1) describe sport related concussion (SRC) epidemiology, (2) classify prevention strategies, (3) define objective, diagnostic tests, (4) identify treatment and (5) integrate science and clinical care into prioritized action plans and policy. Methods: Our action plan evolved from 40 scientific presentations. The 155 attendees (physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, nurses, neuropsychologists, scientists, engineers, coaches and officials) voted to prioritize these action items in the final Summit session. Results: (1) establish a national and international hockey data base for SRCs at all levels; (2) eliminate body checking in Bantam youth hockey games; (3) expand a behavior modification program (Fair Play) to all youth hockey levels; (4) enforce game ejection penalties for fighting in Junior A and professional hockey leagues; (5) establish objective tests to diagnose concussion at point of care (POC); and (6) mandate baseline testing to improve concussion diagnosis for all age groups. Conclusions: Expedient implementation of the Summit III prioritized action items is necessary to reduce the risk, severity and consequences of concussion in the sport of ice hockey.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation

Zhou, Rongbin,Tardivel, Aubry,Thorens, Bernard,Choi, Inpyo,Tschopp, Jü,rg Nature Publishing Group 2010 NATURE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.11 No.2

The NLRP3 inflammasome has a major role in regulating innate immunity. Deregulated inflammasome activity is associated with several inflammatory diseases, yet little is known about the signaling pathways that lead to its activation. Here we show that NLRP3 interacted with thioredoxin (TRX)-interacting protein (TXNIP), a protein linked to insulin resistance. Inflammasome activators such as uric acid crystals induced the dissociation of TXNIP from thioredoxin in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive manner and allowed it to bind NLRP3. TXNIP deficiency impaired activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Akin to Txnip<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice, Nlrp3<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice showed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The participation of TXNIP in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation may provide a mechanistic link to the observed involvement of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Generalization of the memory integer model for the analysis of the quasi-static behaviour of polyurethane foams

Hamdi Jmal,Ming Lei Ju,Raphael Dupuis,Evelyne Aubry 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.11

Polyurethane foam is a cellular material characterized by an interesting mechanical spectrum of properties: low density, capacity to absorbthe deformation energy and low stiffness. This spectrum of properties makes polyurethane foam commonly used in many thermal,acoustic and comfort applications. Several models, such as memory, hyper-elastic and pseudo-elastic models have been developed in theliterature to describe the mechanical response of polyurethane foam under quasi-static and dynamic test conditions. The main disadvantageof these models is the dependence of their parameters against the test conditions (strain rate, maximum compression level, etc). Thisaffects the general character of their representativeness to the quasi-static and dynamic behaviours of polyurethane foam. The main goalof this article is to implement reliable mechanical model which is able to provide the quasi-static response of the polyurethane foam underdifferent strain rates and large compressive deformation. The dimensional parameters of our model can be expressed by the productof two independent parts; the first contain only the test conditions and the second define the dimensionless and invariant parameters thatcharacterize the foam material. The developed model has been proposed after several experimental studies allowing the apprehension ofthe quasi-static behaviour (through unidirectional compression tests). The polyurethane foam, under large deformations, exhibits anonlinear elastic behaviour and viscoelastic behaviour. To assess the ability of our model to be a general representation, three industrialpolyurethane foams have been considered.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Fructooligosaccharides from Date By-products Using an Immobilized Crude Enzyme Preparation of β-Dfructofuranosidase from Aspergillus awamori NBRC 4033

Issam Smaali,Souhir Jazzar,Asma Soussi,Murielle Muzard,Nathalie Aubry,M. Nejib Marzouki 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.2

Aqueous extracts from date by-products of the sucrose-rich variety “Deglet Nour” were used as a starting substrate to achieve the enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) commonly used as prebiotics. A crude β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase) preparation from Aspergillus awamori NBRC4033 was immobilized on chitosan by covalent binding through glutaraldehyde linkages (Yi =88%, Ya = 54%), and used for this purpose. The effect of water-extraction volume on the FOS synthesis by transfructosylation was studied. It was found that 150 mL/100g of date by-products gave the best FOS concentration and productivity (123 g/L and 18.5 g/h/100 g respectively),related to an optimal sucrose conversion of 53.26%. The main FOS product was purified via a biogel-P2 gel filtration column. Its structure was determined as 1-kestose: α-Dglucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-Dfructofuranoside by combination of 1H, 13C and 2D-NMR techniques. Our results provide new insights into the enzymatic synthesis of FOS from an alternative source of sucrose, namely date by-products.

Optimisation of the chemical generation of singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$, $^1{\Delta}_g$) from the hydrogen peroxide.lanthanum(III) catalytic system using an improved NIR spectrometer

Pierlot, Christel,Barbillat, Jacques,Nardello-Rataj, Veronique,Mathieu, Didier,Sergent, Michelle,Marko, Jean,Aubry, Jean-Marie Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.7

A near-IR chemiluminescence spectrometer designed to study chemical sources of singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$, $^1{\Delta}_g$), was built by coupling a reactor compartment to a nitrogen-cooled Ge diode through a bundle of optical fibres. This device was used to optimise the generation of $^1O_2$ from the hydrogen peroxide.lanthanum(III) catalytic system. The reaction kinetics were studied with a $2^33^3$//12 screening experimental design comprising twelve experiments. The influence of six factors was examined: the nature of the lanthanum salt (hydroxide, oxide or nitrate) and its concentration (0.05 or 0.1 mol $L^{-1}$), the pH value (5, 7 or 9), the concentration of $H_2O_2$ (0.5, 1 or 2 mol $L^{-1}$), the temperature (20 or $30^{\circ}C$) and the concentration of EDTA (0 or 5 mmol $L^{-1}$). Two responses were measured: the rate of $H_2O_2$ disproportionation and the intensity of the luminescence of $^1O_2$ at 1270 nm. The essential factor is the nature of the lanthanum salt since $La(NO_3)_3$ induces the disproportionation of $H_2O_2$ about $60{\tims}$ faster than $La_2O_3$ or $La(OH)_3$. Other influencing factors are the pH value, the concentration of $H_2O_2$, the temperature and the concentration of the lanthanum salt whereas the concentration of EDTA has no effect on the reaction. The catalytic activity of $La(NO_3)_3$ was then investigated in further detail by studying the influence of two factors (pH and $[H_2O_2]$) thanks to a Doehlert design.

Impact of <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> Biofilm on Transmissibility to Ecological Niches and Buruli Ulcer Pathogenesis

Marsollier, Laurent,Brodin, Priscille,Jackson, Mary,Kordulá,ková,, Jana,Tafelmeyer, Petra,Carbonnelle, Etienne,Aubry, Jacques,Milon, Geneviè,ve,Legras, Pierre,André,, Jean-Paul Public Library of Science 2007 PLoS pathogens Vol.3 No.5

<▼1><P>The role of biofilms in the pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases remains largely unknown. <I>Mycobacterium ulcerans,</I> the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer, a disfiguring disease in humans, adopts a biofilm-like structure in vitro and in vivo, displaying an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) that harbors vesicles. The composition and structure of the ECM differs from that of the classical matrix found in other bacterial biofilms. More than 80 proteins are present within this extracellular compartment and appear to be involved in stress responses, respiration, and intermediary metabolism. In addition to a large amount of carbohydrates and lipids, ECM is the reservoir of the polyketide toxin mycolactone, the sole virulence factor of M. ulcerans identified to date, and purified vesicles extracted from ECM are highly cytotoxic. ECM confers to the mycobacterium increased resistance to antimicrobial agents, and enhances colonization of insect vectors and mammalian hosts. The results of this study support a model whereby biofilm changes confer selective advantages to M. ulcerans in colonizing various ecological niches successfully, with repercussions for Buruli ulcer pathogenesis.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><B/></P><P>Mycobacterium ulcerans is the etiologic agent of Buruli ulcer, a necrotic skin disease affecting humans living close to wetlands in tropical countries. This mycobacteria resides in water where it could colonize many ecological niches such as aquatic plants, herbivorous animals, and water bugs. The latter were shown to be able to transmit the bacteria to mammalian hosts. Here, we described that the bacilli could be structured with a thick envelope called the extracellular matrix (ECM). This peculiar coat contains in small vesicles a toxin named mycolactone, the main virulence factor of M. ulcerans. The ECM confers to the mycobacterium increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and plays a role in virulence. Indeed, a bacteria with ECM is more potent for colonization of insect vectors and mammalian hosts compared to bacteria. Unraveling the regulation of the production of the ECM together with the export of mycolactone will be an important step in developing new pharmacological approaches for the treatment of Buruli ulcer, which has been greatly handicapped by the lack of effectiveness of the current antibiotics.</P></▼2>

How Do Environmental and Land-Use Drivers of Soil Microbial Diversity Affect Soil Organic Matter Dynamics?

Cedric Le Guillou,Nicolas Chemidlin Prevost-Bour,Virginie Nowak,Samuel Dequiedt,Sebastien Terrat,Florentin Constancias,Vincent Tardy,Safya Menasseri-Aubry,Valerie Viaud,Pierre-Alain Maron,Lionel Ranja 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6