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Asta Blazyte,Abayomi Babatunde Alayande,Thanh-Tin Nguyen,Rusnang Syamsul Adha,장재원,Mar Mar Aung,김인수 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.94 No.-
In the forward osmosis (FO) process, biofouling is well pronounced on the active side where wastewaterand seawater are used as feed and draw solution, respectively. However, the biofouling tendencies withinthe support layer are not clear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TEPpre-conditioning on hydophobicity and initial bacterial attachment of FO membrane support layer. Twostructurally distinct FO membranes from different manufacturers were preconditioned by soaking inartificial sea waterfiltrates containing size fractioned TEP. The conditioning solution pre-treated with a0.4 mm pore sizefilter, contributed to the highest bacterial adhesion rates during bacterial attachmenttesting in both steady state and cross-flow mode in a lab-scale FO system for both membrane types. CTA-ES support exhibited higher numbers of adhered bacteria when compared to PA-TFC support in a steadystate. Conversely, in cross-flow lab-scale testing, a negative impact of fouling on PA-TFC was moreapparent than the CTA-ES membrane. This was attributed to the higher porosity and surface roughness ofthe PA-TFC membrane. Overall, ourfindings reinforce the potential impact of hydrodynamics conditionsand membrane properties on the fouling behavior of FO membrane support layer.
Regional TMPRSS2 V197M Allele Frequencies Are Correlated with COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates
Jeon, Sungwon,Blazyte, Asta,Yoon, Changhan,Ryu, Hyojung,Jeon, Yeonsu,Bhak, Youngjune,Bolser, Dan,Manica, Andrea,Shin, Eun-Seok,Cho, Yun Sung,Kim, Byung Chul,Ryoo, Namhee,Choi, Hansol,Bhak, Jong Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2021 Molecules and cells Vol.44 No.9
Coronavirus disease, COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has a higher case fatality rate in European countries than in others, especially East Asian ones. One potential explanation for this regional difference is the diversity of the viral infection efficiency. Here, we analyzed the allele frequencies of a nonsynonymous variant rs12329760 (V197M) in the TMPRSS2 gene, a key enzyme essential for viral infection and found a significant association between the COVID-19 case fatality rate and the V197M allele frequencies, using over 200,000 present-day and ancient genomic samples. East Asian countries have higher V197M allele frequencies than other regions, including European countries which correlates to their lower case fatality rates. Structural and energy calculation analysis of the V197M amino acid change showed that it destabilizes the TMPRSS2 protein, possibly negatively affecting its ACE2 and viral spike protein processing.
Whole Genome Analysis of the Red-Crowned Crane Provides Insight into Avian Longevity
Lee, HyeJin,Kim, Jungeun,Weber, Jessica A.,Chung, Oksung,Cho, Yun Sung,Jho, Sungwoong,Jun, JeHoon,Kim, Hak-Min,Lim, Jeongheui,Choi, Jae-Pil,Jeon, Sungwon,Blazyte, Asta,Edwards, Jeremy S.,Paek, Woon Ke Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.1
The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is an endangered, large-bodied crane native to East Asia. It is a traditional symbol of longevity and its long lifespan has been confirmed both in captivity and in the wild. Lifespan in birds is known to be positively correlated with body size and negatively correlated with metabolic rate, though the genetic mechanisms for the red-crowned crane's long lifespan have not previously been investigated. Using whole genome sequencing and comparative evolutionary analyses against the grey-crowned crane and other avian genomes, including the long-lived common ostrich, we identified redcrowned crane candidate genes with known associations with longevity. Among these are positively selected genes in metabolism and immunity pathways (NDUFA5, NDUFA8, NUDT12, SOD3, CTH, RPA1, PHAX, HNMT, HS2ST1, PPCDC, PSTK CD8B, GP9, IL-9R, and PTPRC). Our analyses provide genetic evidence for low metabolic rate and longevity, accompanied by possible convergent adaptation signatures among distantly related large and long-lived birds. Finally, we identified low genetic diversity in the red-crowned crane, consistent with its listing as an endangered species, and this genome should provide a useful genetic resource for future conservation studies of this rare and iconic species.