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Representativity and waist of cable knots
Aranda, Romá,n,Kim, Seungwon,Tomova, Maggy World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 Journal of knot theory and its ramifications Vol.27 No.4
<P>We study the essential surfaces in the exterior of a cable knot to compute the representativity and waist of most cable knots. Our computation answers Ozawa’s question [5] about the relationship between the representativity and the waist of a knot in the negative.</P>
Treatment of Dysplasia in Barrett Esophagus
Javier Aranda Hernandez,Maria Cirocco,Norman Marcon 대한소화기내시경학회 2014 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.47 No.1
Barrett esophagus is recognized as a risk factor for the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a 5-year survival rate of 15%. Most of these patients present de novo and are not part of a surveillance program. Endoscopic screening with improvement in recognition of early lesions may change this pattern. In the past, patients diagnosed with dysplasia and mucosal cancer were best managed by esophagectomy. Endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation have resulted in high curative rates and a shift away from esophagectomy. This pathway is supported by the literature review of esophagectomies performed for mucosal disease, as well as pathologists’ interpretation of endoscopic mucosal specimens, which document the low risk of lymph node metastasis. The role of endoscopic therapy for superficial submucosal disease continues to be a challenge.
Irma Aranda-Gonzalez,Yolanda Moguel-Ordonez,Luis Chel-Guerrero,Maira Segura-Campos,David Betancur-Ancona 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.9
Steviol glycosides are a family of compounds found in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni that are responsible for sweetness capacity. The antihyperglycemic effect of the two major steviol glycosides, Rebaudioside A and Stevioside, has been studied and it has been found that despite having the same common structure, only Stevioside exerts an antihyperglycemic effect. Although other steviol derivatives are found in smaller amounts (minor steviol glycosides) in S. rebaudiana, whether or not they possess antihyperglycemic activity has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of minor steviol glycosides in normoglycemic and diabetic (streptozotocin/nicotinamide) Wistar rats. Rats were subjected to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) both before and after chronic treatment (28 days). After 6 h of fasting, IPGTT was conducted in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats using 1 g/kg of glucose plus 20 mg/kg of the minor glycoside (Dulcoside A, Rebaudioside B, C, D, or Steviolbioside) or control treatment (distilled water, glibenclamide, or metformin); the blood of the tip of the tail was collected at time 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min.; and blood glucose was measured, and its net area under the curve (AUCnet) was calculated. After 28-day chronic oral administration, IPGTT was again performed. Differences were considered significant at P < .05 by one-way ANOVA. Acute intraperitoneal or chronic oral administration of 20 mg/kg of minor steviol glycosides had no antihyperglycemic effect in normoglycemic or induced-diabetic Wistar rats. Considering the dose tested, it is unlikely that these glycosides have an effect on glucose in diabetic or normoglycemic humans.
Estefania Aranda Yus,Josep Maria Anglada Cantarell,Antonio Minarro Alonso 대한치과보철학회 2018 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.10 No.3
PURPOSE. To determine the discrepancy in monolithic zirconium dioxide crowns made with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems by comparing scans of silicone impressions and of master casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From a Cr-Co master die of a first upper left molar, 30 silicone impressions were taken. The 30 silicone impressions were scanned with the laboratory scanner, thus obtaining 30 milled monolithic yttrium stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZD) crowns (the silicone group). They were poured and the working models were scanned, obtaining 30 milled monolithic yttrium stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZD) crowns (the plaster group). Three predetermined points were analyzed in each side of the crown (Mesial, Distal ,Vestibular and Palatal), and the marginal fit was evaluated with SEM (×600). The response variable is the discrepancy from the master model. A repeated measures ANOVA with two within subject factors was performed to study significance of main factors and interaction. RESULTS. Mean marginal discrepancy was 22.42±35.65 μm in the silicone group and 8.94±14.69 μm in the plaster group. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the two groups and also among the four aspects. Interaction was also significant (P=.02). CONCLUSION. The mean marginal fit values of the two groups were within the clinically acceptable values. Significant differences were found between the groups according to the aspects studied. Various factors influenced the accuracy of digitizing, such as the design, the geometry, and the preparation guidance, as well as the texture, roughness and the color of the scanned material.
Dynamic Response of Low-Aspect-Ratio Cantilever NACA0012 Airfoil at Low-To-Moderate Reynolds Numbers
S. Martínez-Aranda,A. García-González,L. Parras,J. F. Velazquez-Navarro,C. del Pino 한국항공우주학회 2018 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.19 No.3
The influence of the angle of attack (AoA) and the chord based Reynolds number (Rec) on the lift and drag coefficients has been analyzed experimentally in a low-aspect-ratio NACA0012 airfoil, AR = 2. Results are shown for chord based Reynolds numbers in the range 3.33 × 104 ≤ Rec ≤ 1.33 × 105 and AoA between 0º and +35º, the stall angle being close to 12º. The aerodynamic characteristics show an increase and decrease of lift and drag force fluctuations for AoA greater than the stall angle. The explanation of how these aerodynamic variations appear has been reported numerically and it is based on two-dimensional effects which are mainly the unstable laminar separation bubble (LSB) and the subsequent downstream propagation of leading edge vortex (LEV) as AoA increases. In addition, the dynamic response of the wing has been studied using frequency analysis. We compute the power spectral density (PSD) from the temporal evolution of the net force exerted over the wing, showing that the main response of the wing is the presence of two natural frequencies of the wing-base system. The mean PSD suddenly increases for Rec ≈ 1 × 105, particularly at AoA exceeding the critical point that corresponds to the stall angle. Finally, and despite from the fact that our model is rigid, we find PSD peaks at very low and high frequencies in agreement with other authors’ results which correspond to energetic modes in the wingtip vortex and the formation and emission of coherent turbulent structures behind the airfoil, respectively.
TMEM175 Is an Organelle K<sup>+</sup> Channel Regulating Lysosomal Function
Cang, C.,Aranda, K.,Seo, Y.j.,Gasnier, B.,Ren, D. Cell Press ; MIT Press 2015 Cell Vol.162 No.5
Potassium is the most abundant ion to face both plasma and organelle membranes. Extensive research over the past seven decades has characterized how K<SUP>+</SUP> permeates the plasma membrane to control fundamental processes such as secretion, neuronal communication, and heartbeat. However, how K<SUP>+</SUP> permeates organelles such as lysosomes and endosomes is unknown. Here, we directly recorded organelle K<SUP>+</SUP> conductance and discovered a major K<SUP>+</SUP>-selective channel K<SUB>EL</SUB> on endosomes and lysosomes. K<SUB>EL</SUB> is formed by TMEM175, a protein with unknown function. Unlike any of the ~80 plasma membrane K<SUP>+</SUP> channels, TMEM175 has two repeats of 6-transmembrane-spanning segments and has no GYG K<SUP>+</SUP> channel sequence signature-containing, pore-forming P loop. Lysosomes lacking TMEM175 exhibit no K<SUP>+</SUP> conductance, have a markedly depolarized ΔΨ and little sensitivity to changes in [K<SUP>+</SUP>], and have compromised luminal pH stability and abnormal fusion with autophagosomes during autophagy. Thus, TMEM175 comprises a K<SUP>+</SUP> channel that underlies the molecular mechanism of lysosomal K<SUP>+</SUP> permeability.
Rafael Eduardo Hernández-Guisao,Aranda-Barradas Juan Silvestre,Badillo-Corona Agustín,García-Peña Elvia Inés,Salgado-Manjarrez Edgar 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.5
Stoichiometric analysis is a crucial step in biochemical processes because it allows us to find the proportions in which the substrates and products react. A system of algebraic equation is obtained from an elemental balance of the participating substances and determined, overdetermined or underdetermined systems can result depending on the number of substances and elements. Underdetermined systems are the most common ones as there are, generally, more substances than elemental balances. However, such systems have been poorly studied and a straightforward way to establish the solution space has not yet been reported. In this work a novel approach for finding all the possible solutions to such underdetermined systems is reported for the first time. The solutions space is expressed as a set of vectors which are here referred as extreme stoichiometries. To illustrate the general applicability and some uses of the proposed approach, three different fermentation systems are analyzed: growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a mixed culture for hydrogen production, and the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is shown how the full stoichiometric spaces can be calculated for heterotrophy, autotrophy, mixotrophy, growth of mixed cultures in mixed substrates and how the experimental results should be contained in such spaces, what permits a consistency analysis. With the proposed method, it is now possible to estimate the maximum yields for any given microbial growth reaction and to assess the congruence of experimental data, even when the system is underdetermined.