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Cho, Ara,Banu, Shahara,Cho, Yunae,Ahn, Seung Kyu,Yun, Jae Ho,Cho, Jun-Sik Elsevier 2019 SOLAR ENERGY -PHOENIX ARIZONA THEN NEW YORK- Vol.185 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hybrid inks with a chelating agent were prepared and coated by a spin-coating method to form Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> (CTS) thin films. After the coating, a subsequent sulfurizing process via rapid thermal annealing was performed. During the sulfurization, the Cu and Sn precursors in the hybrid inks exist in complex forms with chelates and these complexes help to form the CTS thin films by controlling the reaction rate of the metal precursors. Additionally, even though the complexes with chelates were formed, the oxidation numbers of the metal precursors were affected by the ionization tendency of each metal in the hybrid inks to form the semiconducting CTS thin films. After obtaining the optimum sulfurizing condition by controlling the reaction pressure and temperature, the CTS thin films were characterized and CTS solar cells were fabricated under these conditions. The best conversion efficiency of the fabricated cells was 2.953% and the temperature-dependent photovoltaic performances were also examined to investigate the carrier transport mechanisms of the devices. According to admittance spectroscopy, the dominant defect energy level was determined as 0.09 eV above the valence band minimum, which accords with the copper vacancy (<I>V<SUB>Cu</SUB> </I>) level. In addition, capacitance–voltage measurements and drive-level capacitance profiling were applied to demonstrate the carrier densities and defect behaviors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The chelating effect of metal-chelate complexes in hybrid ink can control reaction rate to form pure Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> thin films. </LI> <LI> Metal-chelate complex helped to form pure Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> by maintaining oxidation number of Cu and Sn. </LI> <LI> To investigate the carrier transport mechanisms, temperature-dependent As and DLCP analyses were conducted. </LI> <LI> The main defects were related to the <I>V<SUB>Cu</SUB> </I> acceptor. </LI> </UL> </P>
Cho, Ara,Lee, Jung Joon,Koh, Jae Hyun,Wang, Anjie,Moon, Sang Heup Royal Society of Chemistry 2007 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.9 No.6
<P>Different types of NiMoS/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> catalysts were prepared by a combination of sonochemical synthesis and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. The performance of the prepared catalysts in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) was compared with that of catalysts prepared using the impregnation method. Ni that was selectively added to the MoS<SUB>2</SUB> surface by CVD promoted the HDS activity to a greater extent than Ni added by impregnation, particularly for the direct-desulfurization (DDS) route of the reaction. This was attributed to the former method allowing an intimate interaction between the added Ni and the MoS<SUB>2</SUB> surface, as confirmed by the XPS analysis of the catalysts. NiMoS/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> prepared by a combination of two methods, sonochemical and CVD, showed improvement in activity over the catalyst prepared by impregnation. Moreover, the hydrogenation (HYD) activity of the former catalyst was significantly higher than that of the latter due to the dominant effect of sonochemical synthesis on the activity. The improvement in activity was greater for the HDS of 4,6-DMDBT than for the HDS of DBT.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>NiMoS/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> catalysts prepared by a combination of sonochemical synthesis and chemical vapor deposition methods showed higher HDS activities than those prepared by impregnation. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b614273g'> </P>
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms(DRESS) syndrome in liver transplantation
Ara Cho,Jeong-Moo Lee,Kwangpyo Hong,Eui Soo Han,Suk Kyun Hong,YoungRok Choi,Nam-Joon Yi,Kwang-Woong Lee,Kyung-Suk Suh 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.4
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction that causes skin abnormalities and mucosal involvement of the entire body. This is a case report of DRESS occurring in a liver transplantation recipient after taking drugs. A 57-year-old female patient with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent living donor liver transplantation in April 2019. She had no previous medical histories relevant to allergic diseases. There were no adverse events during hospitalization. She was admitted to evaluate and treat a headache occurring at one month after transplantation. However, she suffered from adverse drug reactions after taking anticonvulsants, showing skin rash, itching sense, and fever with eosinophilia. Piperacillin/Tazoperan was administered for ten days as an empirical antibiotic. Skin biopsy was performed on postoperative day 106 for erythematous maculopapular rash in the arms, legs, and torso. Her symptoms improved after discontinuation of the suspected medication with conservative skin treatment and high-dose steroid treatment. This case suggests that suspicion of drug history is essential for early diagnosis and management of DRESS.
Protective effects of red ginseng extract against vaginal herpes simplex virus infection
Ara Cho,Yoon Seok Roh,Erdenebileg Uyangaa,Surim Park,Jong Won Kim,Kyu Hee Lim,Jungkee Kwon,Seong Kug Eo,Chae Woong Lim,Bumseok Kim 고려인삼학회 2013 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.37 No.2
Numerous studies have suggested that Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract has various immune modulatory activities both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we used a mouse model to examine the effects of orally administered KRG extract on immunity against herpes simplex virus (HSV). Balb/c mice were administered with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg oral doses of KRG extract for 10 d and then vaginally infected with HSV. We found that KRG extract rendered recipients more resistant against HSV vaginal infection and further systemic infection, including decreased clinical severity, increased survival rate, and accelerated viral clearance. Such results appeared to be mediated by increased vaginal IFN-γ secretion. Moreover, increased mRNA expression of IFN-γ, granzyme B, and Fas-ligand was identified in the iliac lymph node and vaginal tracts of KRG extract treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg). These results suggest that the activities of local natural killer cells were promoted by KRG extract consumption and that KRG may be an attractive immune stimulator for helping hosts overcome HSV infection.