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Friction and wear behavior of steam-oxidized ferrous PM compacts
P. Philomen-D-Anand Raj,K.Palaniradja,A. GopalaKrishna 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.10
This study determines density effect by assessing sintering temperature and graphite content on the dry sliding wear characteristics of steam-treated iron materials using a pin-on-disk wear test. The specimens were prepared from atomized premixed iron base powders and contained 0.1 to 1.0 wt.% carbon compacted at different densities (5.9 g/cc to 6.8 g/cc). The specimens were sintered for 1 h at different sintering temperatures (1090°C to 1130°C), and then subjected to continuous steam treatment at 540°C for 95 min through in situ Powder metallurgy (PM) technique. Steam treatment was proposed to improve the wear performances of the components of PM. Wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk-type machine. Load ranged from 20 N to 60 N. Sliding distance and sliding velocity of 312 m and 0.26 m/s, respectively, were adopted for all tests. Scanning electron microscope was used to analyze wear surface. Increased density and graphite content reduced the wear rate of steam-treated materials. Hardness increased with increasing graphite content. Wear mechanism, wear rate map, and wear maps were drawn for the test result data. Wear transition map identified mild, severe, and ultra-severe wear regimes as functions of applied load.
Leo Raj Solay,Sarabdeep Singh,S. Intekhab Amin,Sunny Anand 한국전기전자재료학회 2019 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.20 No.2
In this exposition, we have proposed the Dual Material Gate Double Gate Impact Ionization Metal Oxide Semiconductor (DMG DG IMOS) device with a gate engineered technique of Gate Stacking which is ordinarily used in MOSFET for performance augmentation. This paper compares the performance of four DG IMOS based devices i.e. Single Material Gate Double Gate IMOS (SMG DG IMOS), SMG Gate Stacked DG IMOS (SMG GS DG IMOS), DMG DG IMOS and DMGGate stacked DG IMOS (DMG GS DG IMOS). The performance of all the devices has been investigated using 2-D simulations. The device structures of gate stacked devices have been developed with two gate oxides namely SiO 2 and HfO 2 and remaining parameters have been taken alike for all four devices. The doping concentration of source and drain regions for all four devices has been taken as 10 20 cm −3 and the doping concentration of the intrinsic region has been taken as 10 15 cm −3 . The Gate Stacked devices showed better analog outcomes as compared to the other devices. The analog parameters evaluated include transconductance (g m ), total gate capacitance (C gg ) and unity gain frequency (f T ). The proposed design, DMG GS DG IMOS has been then analyzed for diff erent channel lengths and dielectrics of gate oxide materials to optimize the gate engineered design for various applications.
Kamal Kumar,Anand Singh,Samir K. Maity,Manoj Srivastava,Manisha Sahai,Raj K. Singh,Madhukar O. Garg 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.44 No.-
Performance of bituminous binder in terms of viscoelastic behavior can be improved by addition ofrequisite polymers. Two performance grade bituminous binder PG58 and PG64 were prepared byblending an elastomeric styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) co-polymer in 60/70 and 80/100 grade basebitumen respectively. The rheological properties of prepared bitumens have been studied by AR 1500 eXAsphalt Rheometer at minimum instrument inertia of 16.85 mNm2. Resistance to permanentdeformation or deformation resistance is also determined in terms of G0modified bitumen/G0base bitumen,G00modified bitumen/G00base bitumen and G*modified bitumen /G*base bitumen; which helps to predict the viscoelasticbehavior of bituminous binder.
( Laura E. Telep Raj Reddy ),( Joonwoo Bahn ),( David Muramoto ),( Anu Osinusi ),( Diana M. Brainard ),( Anand P. Chokkalingam ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common secondary liver disease of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The advent of interferon(IFN)-free, direct actinga ntiviral (DAA) regimens for HCV infection has enabled access to curative treatment for previously untreated patients. However, the effect of IFN-free DAA regimens on recurrence of HCC is poorly understood and hasn’t been studied in a large, population. This study aims to examine risk of HCC recurrence among HCV patients treated wit IFN-free DAA treatments versus regimens containing IFN. Methods: Using United States administrative claims data from 01/01/2006 to 09/30/2015, we identified 4,887 patients who were ever treated for HCC. HCV treatment regimens were stratified by presence or absence of concomitant IFN. Patients were observed from HCV treatment start until the first of: claim for HCC treatment, initiation of a different HCV regimen, enrollment end, or September 30, 2015. Hazard ratios (HRs) estimating risk of HCC recurrence associated with completion of IFN-free vs. IFN- containing therapy were calculated after adjusting for baseline confounders. Results: Patients completing IFN-free treatment (vs. IFN-containing) were more likely to be ≥ 55 years (82.7% vs. 45.1%) and have cirrhosis (95.7% vs. 88.2%), liver necrosis (34.8% vs. 9.8%), and portal hypertension (58.0% vs. 35.3%) at baseline. Median follow-up time was shorter in IFN-free regimens (182 daysvs. 349 days). After adjusting for age, sex, and significant baseline covariates, there was no difference in risk of HCC recurrence through the end of follow-up with IFN-free treatment regimens when compared to regimens containing IFN(adjusted HR: 0.97(95% CI: 0.49 - 1.92) Similar results were observed at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The results indicate that after adjusting for covariates, there is no difference in risk of HCC recurrence associated with IFN-free DAA-based HCV treatment regimens when compared to regimens containing IFN.
Novel Interfacial Bulk Heterojunction Technique for Enhanced Response in ZnO Nanogenerator
Pandey, Rajagopalan,Maria Joseph Raj, Nirmal Prasanth,Singh, Vipul,Iyamperumal Anand, Palani,Kim, Sang-Jae American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.6
<P>In this paper, a direct sustainable approach for the development of a n-ZnO:p-CuO heterojunction (ZCH) through a simple grinding is reported to be an effective technique to enhance the piezoelectric performance of ZCH/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite-based nanogenerators (ZP-PNGs). We have first optimized the best concentration for ZnO/PDMS nanocomposite for the realization of the piezoelectric nanogenerator. Later, with the same configuration, we implemented a novel, simple, facile, frugal, and inexpensive technique to fabricate ZCH. The heterojunction results in the improved charge transfer characteristics, low capacitance, and charge nullification contributing to the enhanced piezoelectric output. This reflects in the improvement of the peak-to-peak piezoelectric potential of the device from 2.7 to 9 V. The instantaneous max power density was found to be 0.2 mW/m<SUP>2</SUP>. The device can work as a force sensor with improved sensitivity of 1.7 V/N compared to 1.05 V/N of the intrinsic device. The device is being systematically studied for load matching and capacitor charging to demonstrate its practicability. Furthermore, we tested our device to harness the biomechanical energy from day-to-day life activities. Finally, the device was used to fabricate sustainable piezoelectric-based smart urinal systems for low-income group countries.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Radioprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Fractionated Extracts of Berries of Hippophae rhamnoides
Rakesh Kumar Sharma,Raman Chawla,Rajesh Arora,Shikha Singh,Ravinder Kumar Sagar,Raj Kumar,Ashok Sharma,Manju L. Gupta,Surender Singh,Jagdish Prasad,Haider A. Khan,Anand Swaroop,A.K. Sinha,A.K. Gupta,R 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
Plants are an abundant source of medicinal compounds, some of which are useful in combating free radical-1002 (flavonoid-poor fraction) of Hippophae rhamnoideswere screened on the basis of their reducing power in the aqueousphase. REC-1001 was selected for further study, since it exhibited 27.38 times higher antioxidant activity than REC-1002.REC-1001 also showed significant (P. .05) membrane protection potential at 50 .g/mL, which was attributed to its abilityto scavenge peroxyl radicals (64.82. 1.25% scavenging within 1,440 min). A significant (P. .05) difference of 67.02% infree radical scavenging activity at 1,000 ng/mL between REC-1001 and vitamin E demonstrated the extract fraction’s worthc-tion. Further, REC-1001 was found to be nontoxic up to 200 mg/kg of body weight. This research suggests that the REC-1001 fraction of H. rhamnoidesextract is a safe and effective antioxidant nutraceutical product.