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More Integrated than Ever? Long-Term Market and Policy Drivers of Intra-Asian Trade
Alejandro Ayuso-Díaz(Alejandro Ayuso-Díaz ),Antonio G. Gómez-Plana(Antonio G. Gómez-Plana ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2023 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.38 No.1
Since the Doha Round stalemate after 2001, trade liberalization has progressed through regional trade agreements (RTAs) and East and Southeast Asia is not unfamiliar with this. Before assessing the effectiveness of recent trade agreements, the long tradition of trade exchange in this region that has lasted for more than 2,000 years necessitates an understanding of the evolution of intra-Asian trade across history. In this regard, this study contributes to the literature examining whether present intra-Asian trade is more or less intense than before 1938. This research outperforms previous studies using a gravity model that controls for changes in GDP and trade costs in the region across four different time periods (between 1840 and 2018). The results show that contemporary regional trade in East and Southeast Asia is slightly less intense than before World War II. A second question addressed is the relevance of trade agreements after the 1985 Plaza Accord on trade integration, compared with market determinants. A second gravity model for regional imports after 1986 is regressed on both policy and market indicators, indicating that the latest wave of intra-Asian trade is characterized by trade complementarities that are fueled by regional foreign direct investment, and free trade agreements are less effective. This result is validated through a network analysis demonstrating the symbiosis between trade and investment flows in the region, which should be considered in RTAs that are in place or in negotiation to take intra-Asian trade beyond its historical limits.
Alejandro M. Aragona,Alejandro H. Soderini,Nicasio A. Cuneo 대한부인종양학회 2014 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.25 No.4
The phrase “locally advanced carcinoma of the vulva” has often been mentioned in the literature, though not accurately defined, or even leading to the interpretation overlapping. Grounded on cervical cancer experience, we are able to state that designing a tailored primary strategy based on clinically measurable adverse prognostic factors represents the cornerstone of therapy. This fact urged us to rethink about the real usefulness of the concept of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. We will refer to this concept as a clinical entity emerging from a rigorous workup which is a valuable guiding tool in the context of a thorough debate about the best primary treatment approach to be used. Furthermore, bulky tumors of the vulva have been associated with a worse prognosis on several occasions. Some authors have questioned the fact that tumor size has not been considered in the staging system. Finally, a standardized definition will help us compare the results obtained, which is extremely necessary given the worldwide low prevalence of this disease.
Harmonic Identification Algorithms Based on DCT for Power Quality Applications
Alejandro G. Yepes,Francisco D.Freijedo,Jesús Doval-Gandoy,Óscar López Sánchez,Pablo Fernández-Comesaña,Jano Malvar Álvarez 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.1
The increasing demand for non-sinusoidal currents affects the quality of distribution networks. Harmonic detection is a crucial step in the cancellation of those components by active power filters. In this paper, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is compared with different implementations based on Fourier transforms, demonstrating their equivalences and the advantages provided by the former. We demonstrate that the phase error in the presence of grid frequency deviations and the transient length are reduced by half in comparison to the discrete Fourier transform. A novel algorithm is developed to provide frequency adaptation to the DCT, taking advantage of its good features. The window width is adjusted in real time according to the actual value of the grid fundamental frequency by means of a phase-locked loop. A technique based on dithering is employed to overcome the limitation caused by the truncation of the window number of samples, so the frequency resolution is enhanced. The theoretical approach is verified by simulated and experimental results.
Extramural Perineural Invasion in pT3 and pT4 Gastric Carcinomas
Alejandro España-Ferrufino,Leonardo S. Lino-Silva,Rosa A. Salcedo-Hernández 대한병리학회 2018 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.52 No.2
Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is widely studied in malignant tumors, and its prognostic significance is well demonstrated. Most studies have focused on evaluating the mural PNI (mPNI); however, extramural PNI (ePNI) may influence the prognosis in gastric cancer. We evaluated the prognostic value of ePNI compared with mPNI in gastric cancer in this observational comparative cross-sectional study. Methods: Seventy-three pT3 and pT4 gastric carcinomas with PNI were evaluated. Forty-eight (65.7%) were in the mPNI group and the remaining in the ePNI group. Results: Clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups were similar, except for the outcomes. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 64% for the mPNI group and 50% for the ePNI group (p = .039), a difference that did not remain significant in multivariate analysis. The only independent adverse prognostic factor in multivariate analysis was the presence of lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio, 1.757; 95% confidence interval, 1.082 to 2.854; p = .023). Conclusions: We demonstrated the prognostic effect of ePNI for DSS in surgically resected pT3–pT4 gastric cancer patients. ePNI could be considered in the staging and prognostic systems of gastric cancer to stratify patients with a high risk of recurrence.
Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome: Outcomes of Endoscopic Resection of the Lesser Trochanter
Alejandro Hernandez,Sleiman Haddad,Jorge H. Nuñez,Albert Gargallo-Margarit,Andrea Sallent,Victor Barro 대한정형외과학회 2017 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.9 No.4
Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by chronic groin, buttock or hip pain associated with radiographic evidence of narrowing of the space between the lesser femoral trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. Introduction of magnetic resonance imaging to the clinical practice as well as the establishment of the radiological definition of the abnormal ischiofemoral distance has led to an increasing interest in this condition. Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome is a poorly understood disorder of chronic pain, especially regarding its treatment. The authors present two cases of primary ischiofemoral impingement syndrome successfully treated with a minimally invasive surgical technique. With this endoscopic technique, it was possible to resect the lesser trochanter and restore the ischiofemoral space. Immediate clinical and functional improvement was reported by both patients.
Numerical investigation of truck aerodynamics on several classes of infrastructures
Alejandro Alonso-Estébanez,Juan J. del Coz Díaz,Felipe P. Álvarez Rabanal,Pablo Pascual-Muñoz,Paulino J. García Nieto 한국풍공학회 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.26 No.1
This paper describes the effect of different testing parameters (configuration of infrastructure and truck position on road) on truck aerodynamic coefficients under cross wind conditions, by means of a numerical approach known as Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In order to estimate the air flow behaviour around both the infrastructure and the truck, the filtered continuity and momentum equations along with the Smagorinsky–Lilly model were solved. A solution for these non-linear equations was approached through the finite volume method (FVM) and using temporal and spatial discretization schemes. As for the results, the aerodynamic coefficients acting on the truck model exhibited nearly constant values regardless of the Reynolds number. The flat ground is the infrastructure where the rollover coefficient acting on the truck model showed lowest values under cross wind conditions (yaw angle of 90), while the worst infrastructure studied for vehicle stability was an embankment with downward-slope on the leeward side. The position of the truck on the road and the value of embankment slope angle that minimizes the rollover coefficient were determined by successfully applying the Response Surface Methodology.
Effect of the Air Coflow Temperature and Spinneret Position on the Solution Blow Spinning Technique
Alejandro Rubio,Francisco Javier Martínez-Vázquez,María Guadalupe Cabezas,José María Montanero,Emilio José Vega 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.8
We study the production of fibers with Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) for low values of both the polymermolecular weight and the air-coflow pressure. Specifically, we analyze the influence of the air-coflow temperature and thespinneret position on the diameter and size polydispersity of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fibers. Our results show that thefiber diameter decreases as the coflow temperature decreases. The coflowing airstream produces whipping oscillations of theviscoelastic jet in front of the spinneret. The amplitude of these oscillations is larger in the non-protruding (sunken)configuration, i.e., when the spinneret is positioned inside the air tube. This effect does not translate into a significantdependence of the jet and fiber diameters on the spinneret position. We conclude that it is recommendable to use theprotruding configuration to prevent the jet from touching the air tube.
( Alejandro L Suarez ),( Qi Pauls ),( Valerie Durkalski-mauldin ),( Peter B Cotton ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.3
Background/Aims The reproducibility of sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) measurements and results of SOM after sphincterotomy has not been studied sufficiently. The aim of our study is to evaluate the reproducibility of SOM and completeness of sphincter ablation. Methods The recently published Evaluating Predictors and Interventions in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (EPISOD) study included 214 subjects with post-cholecystectomy pain, and fit the criteria of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction type III. They were randomized into 3 arms, irrespective of manometric findings: sham (no sphincterotomy), biliary sphincterotomy, and dual (biliary and pancreatic). Thirtyeight subjects had both biliary and pancreatic manometries performed twice, at baseline and at repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after 1-11 months. Sham arm was examined to assess the reproducibility of manometry, and the treatment arms to assess whether the sphincterotomies were complete (elevated pressures were normalized). Results Biliary and pancreatic measurements were reproduced in 7/14 (50%) untreated subjects. All 12 patients with initially elevated biliary pressures in biliary and dual sphincterotomy groups normalized after biliary sphincterotomy. However, 2 of 8 subjects with elevated pancreatic pressures in the dual sphincterotomy group remained abnormal after pancreatic sphincterotomy. Paradoxically, normal biliary pressures became abnormal in 1 of 15 subjects after biliary sphincterotomy, and normal pancreatic pressures became abnormal in 5 of 15 patients after biliary sphincterotomy, and in 1 of 9 after pancreatic sphincterotomy. Conclusions Our data suggest that SOM measurements are poorly reproducible, and question whether we could adequately perform pancreatic sphincterotomy. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:477-482)