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NOTE - Determination of UVA Protection Factor with SPEX SkinSkan
Kawada, Akira,Kameyam, Hiroko,Sangen, Yoshiko,Aragane, Yoshinori,Tezuka, Tadashi,Hamagami, Ikuko Korean Society of Photoscience 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.2
SPEX SkinSkan is a newly developed spectrofluorometer that can calculate transmission of UVA on the surface of human skin as a non-invasive method. We have investigated UVA protection factors of Japanese over-the-counter sunscreens using SPEX SkinSkan. This non-invasive method is useful to know UVA protection of sunscreens in vivo.
NOTE - Intense Pulsed Light Was Effective for Solar Lentigines and Ephelides
Kameyama, Hiroko,Kawada, Akira,Sangen, Yoshiko,Wakano, Tsukasa,Aragane, Yoshinori,Tezuka, Tadashi Korean Society of Photoscience 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.2
A noncoherent, broadband, intense pulsed light source has been used for the symptoms of photoaging skin as a nonablative method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of intense pulsed light in solar lentigines and ephelides on the face. An open study was performed in patients with solar lentigines and ephelides who received three to five treatments of intense pulsed light. Forty-eight percent of patients had more than 50% improvement and 20% had more than 75% improvement. In the group of solar lentigines, 40% of patients showed more than 50% improvement and 16% did more than 75% improvement. Patients with solar 1entigines+ephelides and ephelides responded remarkably with 75% and 71 % of patients having more than 50% improvement, respectively. Intense pulsed light was well tolerated and may be a new modality for the therapy of solar lentigines and ephelides.
Optimal Shape Design by Adaptive FEM with B-Spline Description
Kim, Il Yong,Tezuka, Akira 대한기계학회 1996 International Sessions in Celebration of the 50th Vol.1 No.1
Optimal shape design by FEM has some problems related with mesh. Usually the shape of a domain at optimal shape problem is drastically changed during iterations toward the optimal shape, which causes distortion of some finite elements. Since mesh distortion sometimes terminates the iteration, it is a good idea to add automatic remeshing process at every iteration. Because the quality of finite element analysis greatly depends on the quality of mesh, the remeshing process should be adaptive; to control approximated error by a posteriori error. We discuss on optimal B-spline represented shape problem combined with adaptive remeshing process in this paper. 'The optimal design considered here can be defined as the minimization of weight wrt design variables (the coordinates of B-spline's control points) under design constraints on equivalent stress and geometry. Since the explicit relation between an equivalent stress and design variables is unknown, the sensitivity of equivalent stress is obtained by applying finite difference scheme with several finite element analyses for perturbed design variables. Minimum search is based on modified method of feasible directions.
Extended-FEM for the solid-fluid mixture two-scale problems with BCC and FCC microstructures
Sawada, Tomohiro,Nakasumi, Shogo,Tezuka, Akira,Fukushima, Manabu,Yoshizawa, Yu-Ichi Techno-Press 2009 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.2 No.1
An aim of the study is to develop an efficient numerical simulation technique that can handle the two-scale analysis of fluid permeation filters fabricated by the partial sintering technique of small spherical ceramics. A solid-fluid mixture homogenization method is introduced to predict the mechanical characters such as rigidity and permeability of the porous ceramic filters from the micro-scale geometry and configuration of partially-sintered particles. An extended finite element (X-FE) discretization technique based on the enriched interpolations of respective characteristic functions at fluid-solid interfaces is proposed for the non-interface-fitted mesh solution of the micro-scale analysis that needs non-slip condition at the interface between solid and fluid phases of the unit cell. The homogenization and localization performances of the proposed method are shown in a typical two-dimensional benchmark problem whose model has a hole in center. Three-dimensional applications to the body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell models are also shown in the paper. The 3D application is prepared toward the computer-aided optimal design of ceramic filters. The accuracy and stability of the X-FEM based method are comparable to those of the standard interface-fitted FEM, and are superior to those of the voxel type FEM that is often used in such complex micro geometry cases.
허재성(Jae-Sung Huh),Tezuka Akira,곽병만(Byung-Man Kwak) 대한기계학회 2003 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2003 No.11
Optimization has been used in many engineering problems and must be one of the essential components<br/> during design process now. It is the process of maximizing the performance called an objective function of a<br/> system while satisfying some constraints, so finite element method is generally required in order to obtain<br/> these values during optimization. However, there are some difficulties to obtain them by means of FEM,<br/> where the changes of design variables cause the distortion and the regeneration of mesh that may result in<br/> inaccuracy and inefficiency. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposed an alternative that the<br/> eXtended FEM introduced and developed by Ted Belytschko was applied to the optimization process because<br/> the key points of the X-FEM lie in that the discontinuity can be represented independently on the mesh by a<br/> function called in an enrichment function.
유용균(Yonggyun Yu),허재성(Jaesung Huh),Akira Tezuka,곽병만(Byung Man Kwak) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.5
A procedure is proposed to generate optimal grid with minimal user intervention while keeping a prescribed level of accuracy, using an adaptive X-FEM and applied to shape optimization. In spite of various advantages of X-FEM, however, there are several obstacles for practical applications. Because of using a uniform background mesh and additional degree of freedoms for enrichment, an X-FEM is usually computationally more expensive than traditional finite element method. Furthermore, there are often accuracy problems. For an automatic procedure of optimal mesh generation, an h-adaptive scheme and a posteriori error estimation obtained by a post-processing process are utilized. The procedure is shown by 2-D shape optimization examples.