Modeling of Absorption of NO_2 with Chemical Reaction in a Falling Raindrop

Pareek, Vishnu,Srivastava, Vinod K.,Adesina, Adesoji A. 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.2

A model has been proposed for the scavenging of NO_2 in a falling raindrop. After absorption, aqueous NO_2 undergoes a second order reaction to form various ions such as NO^-_2, NO^-_3 and H^+. The model is based on the unsteady state convective diffusion equation which was solved for given boundary conditions by using impicit alternate direction(ADI) method. The circulation of fluid inside and outside the raindrop has been taken into account to realistically describe the flow field in the numerical domain. The model predictions indicate that the pH of a raindrop is a direct function of the drop size and bulk concentration of NO^-_2. The model predicted a pH of about 4.9 for a 100micron raindrop falling through a 20-ppb ambient concentration of NO_2. For the same ambient concentration of NO_2, a 10-micron raindrop would have a pH of about 4.75. The predictions also suggested that for all practical purposes the gas phase resistance may be taken as the rate-controlling step. The predicted values of gas-side mass transfer coefficient compared well with the estimated values using standard mass transfer correlations.

Comparison of lung aeration loss in open abdominal oncologic surgeries after ventilation with electrical impedance tomography-guided PEEP versus conventional PEEP: a pilot feasibility study

Karthik A. R.,Gupta Nishkarsh,Garg Rakesh,Bharati Sachidanand Jee,Ray M. D.,Hadda Vijay,Pahuja Sourabh,Mishra Seema,Bhatnagar Sushma,Kumar Vinod 대한마취통증의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.77 No.3

Background: Existing literature lacks high-quality evidence regarding the ideal intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to minimize postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). We hypothesized that applying individualized PEEP derived from electrical impedance tomography would reduce the severity of postoperative lung aeration loss, deterioration in oxygenation, and PPC incidence.Methods: A pilot feasibility study was conducted on 36 patients who underwent open abdominal oncologic surgery. The patients were randomized to receive individualized PEEP or conventional PEEP at 4 cmH2O. The primary outcome was the impact of individualized PEEP on changes in the modified lung ultrasound score (MLUS) derived from preoperative and postoperative lung ultrasonography. A higher MLUS indicated greater lung aeration loss. The secondary outcomes were the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and PPC incidence.Results: A significant increase in the postoperative MLUS (12.0 ± 3.6 vs 7.9 ± 2.1, P < 0.001) and a significant difference between the postoperative and preoperative MLUS values (7.0 ± 3.3 vs 3.0 ± 1.6, P < 0.001) were found in the conventional PEEP group, indicating increased lung aeration loss. In the conventional PEEP group, the intraoperative PaO2/FiO2 ratios were significantly lower but not the postoperative ratios. The PPC incidence was not significantly different between the groups. Post-hoc analysis showed the increase in lung aeration loss and deterioration of intraoperative oxygenation correlated with the deviation from the individualized PEEP.Conclusions: Individualized PEEP appears to protect against lung aeration loss and intraoperative oxygenation deterioration. The advantage was greater in patients whose individualized PEEP deviated more from the conventional PEEP.

Utilization of Reconstituted High-tannin Sorghum in the Diets of Broiler Chickens

Kumar, Vinod,Elangovan, A.V.,Mandal, A.B. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.4

The present experiment was conducted to assess the effect of reconstitution (R) on utilization of red sorghum (S) in diets of broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (n=360) were randomly divided into 36 groups of 10 chicks each, and 9 dietary treatments were allotted to 4 groups (replicates) in a completely randomized design. Out of the 9 treatments, one was corn-soy based control (D1). The rest of the treatments were diets consisting of four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% part of corn) of raw red sorghum (S25-S100) or four levels of reconstituted red sorghum (RS25-RS100). The tannin content reduced from 2.3% to 1.6% after reconstitution of red sorghum. Body weight gain reduced significantly (p<0.01) in diets containing unprocessed red sorghum beyond 33% in diet or reconstituted red sorghum at any level. However, during finishing growth phase the birds receiving either processed or unprocessed sorghum (barring S75) had statistically similar gains in body weight. During over all growth phase (0-6 wk), live weight gains in all the dietary treatments did not differ statistically. Feed intake during 0-6 wk was significantly higher (p<0.05) in diets containing sole red sorghum than corn-soy based control diets Feed conversion ratio during 0-3 wk period in control and unprocessed red-sorghum diets were similar but statistically poorer (p<0.01) FCR emanated from reconstituted groups, while during 3-6 wk of age FCR was poorer (p<0.05) in diets containing 75% red sorghum, either processed or unprocessed. FCR, in overall growth phases, in control diet was statistically similar to the groups fed diets containing up to 33% unprocessed or 16% reconstituted group. The carcass traits and yield of organs did not differ (p>0.05) due to the various levels of red-sorghum. It was concluded that though the tannin content was reduced by 30% by the reconstitution process, but this did not give any additional advantage in broiler performance. More over, red-sorghum can be used effectively up to 33% in diet replacing 50% of corn after proper adjustment of proteins, energy and amino acids.

Synthesis and Characterization of Tetradentate N₂O₂ Schiff Base Ligand and its Rare Earth Metal Complexes

Shelke, Vinod A.,Jadhav, Sarika M.,Shankarwar, Sunil G.,Munde, chut S.,Chondhekar, Trimbak K. Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.3

o-phenylenediamine, 3-acetyl-6-methyl-(2H)pyran,2,4(3H)-dione (dehydroacetic acid 또는 DHA) 및 2, 4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde에서 비롯된 4-hydroxy-3-(1-{2-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-amino phenylimino}-ethyl)-6-methyl-pyran-2-one ($H_2$L)의 La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III) 및 Gd(III) 고체착물을 합성하여 원소분석, 전도도법, 자기수자율, UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, X-선 회절, 열분석으로 특성을 규명하였으며, 항미생물 활성도를 조사하였다. FT-IR 스펙트럼 결과에 의하면 이 리간드는 중심금속에 대해 ONNO 주개원자를 통해 이염기성 사배위 리간드로 행동함을 알 수 있다. 원소분석 결과로부터 이들 착물의 화학량론비는 1:1 (금속: 리간드)임을 알 수 있다. 물리 및 화학적 실험결과로부터 La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III) 및 Gd(III) 착물은 일그러진 팔면체의 기하구조를 가짐을 알 수 있다. X-선 회절 데이터로부터 La(III) 및 Ce(III) 착물은 단사정계, 그리고 Pr(III) 및 Nd(III) 착물은 사방정계를 가짐을 알 수 있다. 이들 착물의 열적 행동(TG/DTA)을 연구하였으며, 속도론적 파라메타를 Horowitz-Metzger 및 Coats-Redfern 방법으로 결정하였다. 리간드와 그 착물의 항박테리아 활성도를 Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli 및 Bacillus Sp.에 대해, 그리고 살균활성도를 Aspergillus Niger, Trichoderma 및 Fusarium oxysporum에 대해 각각 조사하였다. The solid complexes of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III) and Gd(III) with 4-hydroxy-3-(1-{2-(2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-amino phenylimino}-ethyl)-6-methyl-pyran-2-one ($H_2$L) derived from o-phenylenediamine, 3-acetyl-6-methyl-(2H)pyran,2,4(3H)-dione (dehydroacetic acid or DHA) and 2, 4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductometry, magnetic susceptibility, UV-visible, FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis study, and screened for antimicrobial activity. The FT-IR spectral data suggest that the ligand behaves as a dibasic tetradentate ligand with ONNO donor atoms sequence towards central metal ion. From the microanalytical data, the stoichiometry of the complexes has been found to be 1:1 (metal: ligand). The physico-chemical data suggests distorted octahedral geometry for La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III) and Gd(III) complexes. The X-ray diffraction data suggests monoclinic crystal system for La(III) and Ce(III) and orthorombic crystal system for Pr(III) and Nd(III) complexes. Thermal behavior (TG/DTA) of the complexes was studied and kinetic parameters were determined by Horowitz-Metzger and Coats-Redfern methods. The ligand and its metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus Sp. and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus Niger, Trichoderma and Fusarium oxysporum.

Factors Influencing Association of Intermediaries in the Supply Chain of Consumer Healthcare Brands

SURESH, A.S.,VASUDEVAN, M.,VINOD, Sharma Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 유통과학연구 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The rural market in India provides tremendous scope for FMCG consumer healthcare companies to market their products because of a significant increase of rural purchasing power. Many empirical studies in this area highlight the challenges and opportunities for marketers in the FMCG space. Research articles are not in abundance to understand intermediaries' expectations in the supply chain specific to consumer healthcare products. The existing literature did not significantly address the challenges of channel partners in the rural market. The present study aims to determine the retailer expectations from manufacturers and channel members' mutual expectations in the FMCG distribution channel. Research design and Methodology: The present study adopted a qualitative research methodology. Fifty respondents from each level of distribution channel such as super-stockist, distributors and retailers in central India were identified and an interview method was adopted to collect the data. Results: Nineteen factors were identified to influence the intermediaries for involvement in the business with any FMCG brand. Factors like Profit margin, reverse logistics, credit terms, return on investment, timely payments were crucial for managing the expectations of all intermediaries. This study provides academic as well as practical implications in terms of enabling the industry to align its channel management strategies accordingly.

Diacyltrehalose of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>inhibits lipopolysaccharide- and mycobacteria-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in human monocytic cells

Lee, Kil-Soo,Dubey, Vinod S.,Kolattukudy, Pappachan E.,Song, Chang-Hwa,Shin, A-Rum,Jung, Saet-Byel,Yang, Chul-Su,Kim, Su-Young,Jo, Eun-Kyeong,Park, Jeong-Kyu,Kim, Hwa-Jung Published by Elsevier/North Holland on behalf of t 2007 FEMS microbiology letters Vol.267 No.1

<P>The lipids located in the outer layer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which include sulfolipid, phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), diacyltrehalose, and polyacyltrehalose, may play a role in host-pathogen interactions. These lipids were purified using thin-layer chromatography, and their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and in a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) was examined. None of the lipids tested induced significant interleukin (IL)-12p40 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in monocytic cells. Diacyltrehalose significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide- and M. tuberculosis-induced IL-12p40, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 productions in human monocytes, whereas other lipids had no effect. However, diacyltrehalose was unable to inhibit peptidoglycan-induced IL-12p40 production. These results suggest that diacyltrehalose is a mycobacterial factor capable of modulating host immune responses.</P>

Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues from the Iranian Population - a Pilot Study

Hosseini, Arezoo,Gopalan, Vinod,Nassiri, Mohammadreza,Ghaffarzadehgan, Kamran,Aslaminejad, Ali,Ghovvati, Shahrokh,Smith, Robert A.,Lam, Alfred K.Y. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Estrogen receptor alpha ($ER{\alpha}$) is one of the major sub-types of estrogen receptors. $ER{\alpha}$ plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation, chiefly in mammary tissues. In the present study we aimed to quantify of $ER{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein expression in breast tissues from the Iranian population using a real-time PCR assay. Twenty nine breast tissues including 19 adenocarcinomas and 10 normal controls were recruited from the Iranian population. mRNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed from these tissues using commercial kits. $ER{\alpha}$ mRNA and protein expression was quantified using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. The results showed high expression of $ER{\alpha}$ mRNA (68%) and protein (53%) in the majority of breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues (p= 0.035). Also, high $ER{\alpha}$ mRNA was associated with tumour size of breast carcinomas. In this study, we first reported the expression of $ER{\alpha}$ in Iranian patients with breast cancers and demonstrated prevalence of the expression to be similar to breast cancers noted in other populations.

Modeling of quaternary dyes adsorption onto ZnO–NR–AC artificial neural network: Analysis by derivative spectrophotometry

E. Alipanahpour Dil,M. Ghaedi,A.M. Ghaedi,A. Asfaram,A. Goudarzi,S. Hajati,M. Soylak,Shilpi Agarwal,Vinod Kumar Gupta 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.34 No.-

The novel adsorbent i.e. ZnO–NR–AC was synthesized and used for the rapid removal of the quaternarydyes from the aqueous solution. The ANN model was used for the optimization and modeling ofsonication time, amount of sorbent and dyes concentrations to study their simultaneous adsorptionbased on achievement of minimum mean squared error as criterion. The optimized parameters wasfound to be 4 min sonication time, 0.022 g of ZnO–NR–AC; MB, EY, CV and AO concentrations were 8.0,9.7, 8.0 and 10.6 mg L 1possible to achieve the removal percentage of 99.89, 99.2, 99.68 and 99.45% forMB, EY, CV and AO, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) support the high suitability ofachieved equation for the efficient prediction of understudy adsorption system behavior that proofed bythe presence of good agreement among the predicted and experimental data. The Langmuir isothermmodel with maximum adsorption capacities were 89.29, 93.46, 87.52 and 88.5 mg g 1 correspond toMB, CV, EY and AO, respectively.

Magnetic field controlled graphene oxide-based origami with enhanced surface area and mechanical properties

Park, Ok-Kyung,Tiwary, Chandra Sekhar,Yang,Bhowmick, Sanjit,Vinod, Soumya,Zhang, Qingbo,Colvin, Vicki L.,Asif, S. A. Syed,Vajtai, Robert,Penev, Evgeni S.,Yakobson, Boris I.,Ajayan, Pulickel M. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Nanoscale Vol.9 No.21

Characterizations of plasma sprayed composite coatings over 1020 mild steel

P. Vijayanand,Amitesh Kumar,K. R. Vijaya Kumar,A. Vinod,P. Kumaran,S. Arungalai Vendan 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.10

The present work deals with the coating of mild steel using plasma spray coating technique to improve surface properties for various industrial applications. Three different composite coating powders namely Al 2 O 3 :TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 :TiO 2 : CNT and Al 2 O 3 : CNT were coated on the surface of mild steel for a thickness of 0.25 mm. Subsequently, the coated samples were tested for their mechanical characteristics namely tensile, compression and hardness followed by tribological investigations primarily comprising of wear analysis. Further, metallurgical analysis engrossing the Scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis were carried out to assess the homogeneity, spread uniformity and bond integrity of the developed samples. The test results revealed that the performance measure of Al 2 O 3 :TiO 2 : CNT is way ahead than other two powder coatings while carbon nanotube majorly contributes to the strength and quality of the surface coating.