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이용현,안형택,Lee, Young-Hyen,An, Hyeong-Theck 대한디지털의료영상학회 2011 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.13 No.2
Table strapis patient fixture for securing the patient movements and falls. if it designed to measure the abdominal circumference and used as an indicator of dose selection at CT scan. it will prevent the overexposure of dose without degradation of image quality and efficiently manage dose of each type of body to technician to deal with CT. First, in order to compare the dose used in CT image and qualitative characteristics. reference image is obtained by examining the abdominal phantom in same conditions with the hospital 120 kVp, 200 mAs, D-Dom (Dynamic Dose Of Modulation). SNR, PSNR, RMSE, MAE, CTDIvol of CT images are compared with reference image. for comparing with reference image, the image that Umbilicus level image of Abdomen CT is stored in the PACS were used. For comparison, the top 12 o'clock portion of the air drawn from the same ROI was measured. CTDIvol, mAs, etc. In order to analyze the characteristics of the image, by measuring the length of the umbilicus circumference, pattern of the dose was analyzed. by using the analyzed perimeter and dose information, To be identified visually, fixed band that scale marked were produced. Use them, If the length of circumference of less than 60 cm 100 mAs, Case of 61~80 cm 120 mAs, Case of 80~100 cm 150 mAs, more than 100 cm 200 mAs, dose selection based on the perimeter, the image was applied. by compare analyzed with the Reference Image, image quality was assessed. by compare with existing tests that equally 200 mAs applied, How much was confirmed that the dose reduction. 1. Depending on the Abdominal circumference, the average PSNR(dB) of the image that differently dose applied was 45.794. 2. Comparing with existing test. the dose of scan that adjusted the mAs depending on the circumference was decreased about 40%. SNR and PSNR of the image that obtained by adjusting the standard mAs based on dose modulation were not much different. Therefore, By choosing a low mAs. dose reduction can be obtained. and the dose selection method that measured Abdominal circumference using a fixed band can protect the overexposure and uniformly apply dose of each type of body to technician to deal with CT.
이용현(Lee Yong-Hyun) 한국인도학회 2007 印度硏究 Vol.12 No.1
본 연구는 후기 인도불교에 있어서 딴뜨라 불교에 대한 가장 위대한 학승으로 불리는 아바야까라굽따의 삶, 저작들, 사상을 소개하며, 그가 대표하는 ‘마음의 의례’를 살피는 데 그 목적이 있다. 아바야까라굽따에 따르면, ‘마음의 의례’는 불교 딴뜨리즘에 있어서 궁극의 의례이다. 본고의 제 1장에서는 우선 아바야까라굽따의 저서들에 있는 간기들과 티베트의 역사서들을 참조해서 그의 삶을 재구축한다. 그런 뒤 티베트 대장경 속에 수록된 26개 저서들에 대한 간단한 개요를 소개한다. 마지막으로 아바야까라굽따에게 큰 영향을 미친 중요한 딴뜨라 불교의 전통들과 함께, 그의 사상을 간단히 요약한다. 제 2장에서는 우선 그의 대표작『바즈라발리』에서 보이는 ‘마음의 의례’에 관해 고찰한다. 아바야까라굽따는 50개의 의례법 중에서 하나를 ‘마음의 의례’에 할애하고, 다른 의례법들 중에서 몇몇 구체적인 예들을 소개하고 있다. 그런 뒤『니쉬빠나요가발리』,『조띠르만자리』, 『아바야빠다띠』등에서 보이는 ‘마음의 의례’를 고찰한다. 결론은 ‘마음의 의례’가 항상 통과의례 등 만다라 의례의 문맥에서만 사용되며, ‘신성 요가’와 만뜨라가 대단히 중요하다는 것이다. Abhay?karagupta was probably the greatest ritual theorist in the later phase of Indian Buddhism, as demonstrated by his major works on Tantric Buddhism. In Tantric Buddhism, a ritual theorist was always a ritualist, but not necessarily vice versa. As a ritualist, we do not have any historical records on Abhay?karagupta’s ritual performance, but his ritual activities are sufficiently attested to by his tantric works. As a ritual theorist, Abhay?karagupta synthesized Buddhist ma??alas and ma??ala rituals of diverse Tantric traditions in the Vajr?val?, his magnum opus. In this great ma??alavidhi, he also introduces the ‘mental liturgy’ (m?nasavidhi) for which he was one of the champions. We can get an inkling of the ‘mental liturgy’ through some of Abhay?karagupta’s works, viz. the Vajr?val?, the Ni?pannayog?val?, the Jyotirmanjar?, and the Abhayapaddhati. As prescribed by Abhay?karagupta, the ‘mental liturgy,’ which is based on deity yoga (devat?yoga) and mantras, was considered to be the higher means than the external liturgy based on the ma??ala of colored powders or the ma??ala painted on a cloth. Abhay?karagupta believes that the ‘mental liturgy’ is superior to external one because it is more effective for removing impediments. Examples of the ‘mental liturgy’ in Abhay?karagupta’s works lead us to reach the following conclusions: First, the ‘mental liturgy’ is always applied to ma??ala rituals such as the consecration ceremony; second, it should be bestowed on only disciples of superior capacity; third, it’s basis is deity yoga by a master of ma??ala visualization; fourth, this very high level of deity yoga is only possible for a guru, who has gone beyond the dichotomy of the subject and the object.