跆拳道 競技의 발차기 類型에 關한 硏究

李德成,鄭吉商 동국대학교 경주대학 1995 東國論集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this article is to research kick patterns in taekwondo game. The research is based on the international taekwondo game held by KBS broadcast in 1994 where 12 countries attended. In the games the frequency of kick showed high in frequency and score rate. Back kick, front beat kick, back beat kick, and chop kick was not so high as front turning kick in frequency and score. But there was no statistical significant in these kick patterns. Attack in advance and counterattack also showed different scores and score rate. The frequency of counterattack showed statistical significant in kick patterns. So we need to develop kick techniques and scientific programs for a high score and for an effective game.

스포츠시설 소비자의 가격수용과 서비스지각에 따른 고객만족 방안

이덕성 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.19 No.2

大學 敎職員의 體位 및 健康實態 : 東國大 慶州캠퍼스 敎職員을 中心으로

李德成 동국대학교 경주대학 1988 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In 1988, the results of the first medical examination of the professors' and personnel the physical standards and the present condition at Dongguk university kyungju campus are as follows. 1. normal condition. 1) In 262 examined, individuals male and female ratio is 4.8 : 1 and 69.1% are 30 to 40 years old. 2) The average height of men ; 169.5cm in men, women ; 159.0cm-is higher than the average korean height. 3) In the average of Weight(men ; 67.8kg, women ; 50.7) Men's weight is higher than the average of korean weight, whereas women's weight is lesser than the average of korean weight. 4) Eyesight In the case of men, both eyes are 1.2. In women, it shown as follows ; left : 1.0 right : 0.9 5) In the case of the sense of hearing, both sexes show normal appearance. 6) blood pressure is shown as follows ; ◁ 표삽입 ▷ (원문을 참조하세요) 2. abnormal condition 1) Corpulence is found in 23.2%, hyperpisia is found in 17.9% of the whole group. Corpulence and hyperpisia rate increases in accordance to growing age. 2) The Number of corpulence patience is 61. And the number of due to hyperpisia patience is 47. Complication corpulence and hyperpisia is found in 24.6%. 3. the present condition 1) It shows that 58% state "well condition", and "unwell condition" is idicated at the rate of 33.6% and "maybe one is sick" is replied by 8.5%. The reply of an affirmative response (well condition) is increasing in men of growing age. In case of women, it is vice versa. 2) The methods of health care were as follows : regular exercise : 18.3% control by catings : 17.2% In any other case, the health care, was said to be neglected. Especially 71.1% of responding women are indifferent to health care. 3) In this survey, 48.8% of the whole group are taking irregular meals. The older they grow, the more regular are their meal habit. All individuals take meat more than once a week. Women, professors and personnel in their sixties prefer vegetable. Women prefer salty and hot taste. 4) 100% drink a cup of tea daily. 77.8 of the female group do not drink alcohol, whereas men's habit are as follows : "sometimes drink but sober' : 32.1% "sometimes drink and get drunken: : 21.2% Women are non smokers in general, whereas mer in their 30ies-40ies consuming one or more packages of cigarettes daily rank as follows. (1) skilled labors (2) personnel (3) professors 5) The change of weight-more than 3kg per year-is found out as follows : (1) no change : 77.9% old age indicate few change. (2) The ranking concerning "know the reason of change" is as follows : - professors - skilled labors - personnel (3) The ranking concerning "do not recognize the change" is as follow : - skilled labors - coadjutor 4. symptoms whthin the latest 3 months The results of the analysis of simptoms within the latest 3 months are as follows : - languid and tired : 64.5% - eyestrain and feeling of misty : 42.7% - breathing hard when climbing stairs : 42% - feeling dizzy on standing up : 34.3% In the case of women, remarkable phenomena are as follows : - dizziness : 64.7% - facial swelling : 48.9% - feeling pain in arm, leg and shoulder : 46.7%

地域體系와 市場構造

이덕성 慶北大學校 人文科學硏究所 1992 人文 科學 Vol.8 No.-

二年制 士官學校 生徒들의 體力變化에 關한 比較硏究 : 空軍 2士 ○期 生徒들을 中心으로

李德成 동국대학교 경주대학 1984 慶州大學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

中小都市人들의 體育活動 實態硏究 : 慶州市民을 中心으로 Centered on the Citizens of Kyoung-Ju

李德成 동국대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

Data were obtained from questionnaries distributed to the citizens of Kyoung-Ju(male; 327, female; 138) for surveying of their actual condition of physical exercise in the medium and small city. 1. Subjects (1) The age of the respondents was in the thirties(58.1%), in the forties(27.7%), in the fifties(19%), in the sixties(3.4%), and in the seventies(1.7%). (2) The school career of the respondents was completion of an elementary course(6.9%), a Junior high school course(8%), a senior high school course(49%), and had a bechelor degree(36.1%). (3) The occupation of the respondents was a teacher(13.1%), a public official(11.2%), and officie worker(28.2%), Tradepeople(20.4%), worker(4.3%), and housewife(18.3%), and the unemployed(4.5%). (4) The montly income of the respondents was as follows. less than 200,000(￦) : 13.8% 200,000 and under 300,000(￦) : 17.2% 300,000 and under 500,000(￦) : 42.4% 500,000 and under 700,000(￦) : 18.5% 700,000 and under 900,000(￦) : 3.7% 900,000(￦) or more : 4.5% 2. Preference level in the event of physical exercise. (1) The respondents regarded physical exercise as maintaining of health(71%), removing stress(13.3%), and improving the mental culture(6.7%). (2) The major event of physical exercise of the respondents was tennis(33.8%), running(17.6%), and climbing(9.6%). (3) The respondents couldn't take exercise sufficiently their preference events because of short of time(48.9%), fatigue(16.2%), deficiency of facilities(14.8%), and economical reasons(10.6%). 3. The state of physical exercise. (1) The motive of taking exercise was their own will(83.4%), advice of those around them(8%), and influence of mass communication(8%). (2) The respondents actually took exercise one time per week(26.9%, the first), four times per week(4.1%, the last). Quantity of exercise for each time was half an hour(34%), nearly one hour(45.6%), nearly two hours(11.2%), and two hours not less than(9.2%). (3) The place of exercise of the respondents was a schoolyard(29.2%, the first), a swimming pool(1.3%, the last). They took exercise in the morning(48%) at noon(3.9%), in the afternoon(15.1%), and irregularly(33.1%), Partners of the respondents in exercise was fellow workers or officials(30.8%, the first), family(23.1%), and those around them(19.8%). (4) The respondents obtained the exercise knowledge through mass communication(40.9%), their school days(33.1%), books related sports(14.6%), and coach(8.8%, that is, the most respondents(89%) didn't have coach for their exercise). 4. Equipment and facilities for exercise (1) Exercise equipment of the rewpondents was a tennis racket (33.4%), a skipping rope(33.4%), a dumbbell(8.6%), and badminton rackets(7.6%). (2) The respondents answered the present condition of equipment and facilities for their exercise was "good"(18.3%), "fair"(41.3%), "poor"(22.8%), and "not good"(17.6%). (3) Facilities which the respondents desired for their exercise was gymnasium(23.4%), tennis vourt(18.1%), playground(16.1%), and swimming pool(15.5%). 5. Maintainance of health and good use of leisure. (1) The respondents answered the major way to maintaining health was ordely life(58.5%), regular exercise(17.8%), sleeping(12%), and intaking sufficient nutritive substance(9%). (2) The respondents replied they made use of their spare time to watching TV(34.2%), taking a rest(20.2%), reading books(18.1%), taking exercise(14.2%), and viewing sports(7.3%).

그린소비자 가치관 유형에 따른 리조트 개선 방향

이덕성 한국사회체육학회 2002 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Improvement of The Resort According to Green Consumers' Value Style

영토ㆍ국경분쟁에서 지도의 증거력에 관한 소고

이덕성 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2018 서울법학 Vol.26 No.1

This Article is intend to shed light on the evidentiary force of maps in territorial and territorial and border dispute tend to employ a strategy of quantitative approach by presenting numerous maps for their case. Until quite recently, Maps can seldom be taken as conclusive evidence in the determination of dispute which may concerning the location of boundary. the rules of evidence maps established by the judicial decisions are summarized as following. all maps treated to have admissibility of evidence as one of documentary evidence. only authentic maps are recognized to have direct value of evidence, and the other maps are treat to have indirect value of evidence. the value of evidence of all maps without geographical accuracy is denied. all maps published by the third parties of the dispute are recognized to have impartiality of the maps, but recognized to have not direct value of evidence. only official maps may effect to acquire territorial/border title to the published states by acquiescence or recognition of the interested states. only official maps may effect to be deprived of territorial title of the published states by the principles estoppel. The concept of evidence in evidence law, consists of admissibility of evidence and value of evidence. Admissibility of evidence means the qualification to be used as an evidence, that is to say, status of evidence could be accepted by the court. On the other hand, value of evidence implies weights of evidence to prove the facts. No General values regulating admissibility of evidence and value of evidence exist in evidence law in not only international conventions whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the states, in but also international custom as evidence of general practice accepted as law. Therefore it is necessary to establish the rules in judicial decisions and teaching of scholars as subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of law, in accordance with the provision of Article 38 of the Status of International Courts of Justice. In the celebrated Island of Palmas arbitration of 1928, Judge Max Huber, Identifying the function of map with an “indirect indication” at best, decided that a map, except when annexed to a legal instrument, had not the value of such instruments involving recognition or abandonment of rights. As natural corollary, a map per se could not override an attribution accorded by official records, document or boundary treaties admissibility as evidence was effectively ruled out for independently produced maps, whether official or unofficial. This Article analyzes several decisions of the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbitration to reveal the evolution in the status of map evidence in contemporary international law. These decisions show that today's international tribunals bestow more evidentiary value on maps than ever before. 영토ㆍ국경분쟁 당사국들은 자국 권원의 우위를 입증하기 위하여 이에 관한 모든 증거를 제출하게 된다. 분쟁당사국들은 통상 단순한 수적 우위를 통해 법원을 설득하려는 소송전략을 수립하고 진력하기 때문이다. 하지만, 지도는 경계의 위치에 관해 발생될 수 있는 분쟁의 결정에 있어서 분쟁의 결정적인 증거로 거의 채택되지 못하고 있다. 현재까지 지도의 증거에 대한 규칙은 모든 지도는 문서증거로서 증거능력을 갖으며, 인증지도만이 직접적 증명력을 갖고, 이외의 지도는 간접적인 증명력을 갖는데 불과하다. 또한 지리적 정확성이 부정확한 증거는 증명력을 갖추지 못하며, 공식지도는 이해관계국의 묵인 또는 승인에 의해 발행국의 영유권 취득의 효과를 발생시킬 수 있다는 것이며, 공식지도만이 estoppel 원칙에 따라 발행국의 영유권을 상실하는 효과를 발생시킨다는 것이 현재까지 영토ㆍ국경분쟁에서 다루어진 사건에 대한 법원의 태도이다. 증거법상 증거의 개념은 증거능력과 증명력으로 구성된다. 증거능력은 증거로 사용될 수 있음을 의미한다. 즉 법원에 의해 증거로 채택될 수 있는 증거의 지위를 의미한다. 이에 반해 증명력은 증거능력의 존재를 전재로 사실을 증명할 수 있는 증거로 가치를 뜻한다. 증거법상 증거능력과 증명력에 관한 일반적 규칙은 국제법상 존재하지 않는다. 그것은 국가에 의해 명시적으로 승인된 규칙을 수립하는 국제협약, 법으로 수락된 일반관행의 증거로 국제관습법상으로도 존재하지 아니한다. 따라서 ICJ 제38조의 규정에 따라 법규칙의 결정을 위한 보조적 수단으로 사법재판과 학설속에서 그 규칙을 수립하는 것이 요구된다. Island of Palmas(1928) 중재판정에서 Huber재판관은 지도는 그자체로서는 단지 간접적 정보를 제공할 뿐이며, 법적 문서에 부속된 경우를 제외하고는 권리의 승인 또는 포기를 인정하는 문서로서의 가치를 향유하지 못한다고 판결한바 있다. 아울러 공인 또는 준공인 지도는 지도들을 간행하게 한 정부가 자국의 주권을 주장하지 않는 경우에 지도제작자는 주밀하게 수집된 정확한 정보에 기초하여야 한다는 조건을 충족시키므로 특별한 중요성을 가질 수 있다고 설시함으로써 지도의 증거능력 판단에 있어서 지도제작, 간행주체의 객관성, 중립성, 부당성 등 3가지로 분류된다고 해석했다. 이 논문은 현대국제법에서 지도증거의 변화를 규명하기 위해서 ICJ와 PCA등 다수법원의 판결이나 판정을 검토할 것이다. 이러한 결정은 오늘날의 국제법원이 과거 여하한 시기보다도 지도에 더 많은 증거능력을 인정하고 제시하고 있는지를 분석할 것이고, 지도에 대한 증거력을 어떻게 분배하고 진위불명이 발생할 경우에 어떻게 처리하는가를 살펴볼 것이다.

자투리 글 : 내 생애에 가장 아름답던 분

이덕성 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2014 활천 Vol.732 No.11

중학생의 스포츠 참여가 학교생활만족도에 미치는 영향

이덕성,이제헌,김학신 한국스포츠리서치 2008 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.19 No.1

이 연구는 중학교학생들의 스포츠활동 참여도를 높이기 위한 학교와 가정의 역할과 개선방안을 찾기 위한 효과적인 시사점을 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울시 소재 중학교에 재학 중인 남학생을 모집단으로 설정했고, 최종 209명을 최종분석에 사용하였다. 설문 문항 간 신뢰도계수는 α=.616-.740으로 나타났다.연구결과 첫째, 남자 중학생의 방과 후 스포츠 참여 여부에 따른 학교생활만족도는 방과 후 스포츠에 참여하는 집단이 참여하지 않는 집단에 비해 학교생활 전반, 수업 일반, 교사에 대한 느낌, 교우관계, 물리적 환경요인, 학교행사 및 특별활동 요인의 6가지 하위 영역 모두에서 높은 만족도가 나타났다.둘째, 남자 중학생의 스포츠 참여 정도가 학교생활만족도에 미치는 영향은 학교생활만족도의 6가지 하위영역 중 수업일반에서는 참여 강도가 높을수록 만족한다고 나타났고, 나머지 5가지 하위영역은 참여기간과 참여강도가 높을수록 학교생활에 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.