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李玉君(Yujun LI) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2011 아시아연구 Vol.- No.14
진의 宗室은 한가지 특별한 그룹이며, 또한 특권계급이다. 그들의 존재는 고립적인 것이 아니라, 진 사회의 중요하고도 유기인 구성부분이다. 본 논문은 진의 宗室이 都元帥 府、 元帥府、 樞密院以及三省(주요로 尙書省)六部의 책임정황을 조사하고, 宗室이 행정, 군사 및 監察기관에서의 책임정황을 조사했다. 진초 국가의 최고행정기관이며 국가의 중요한 정책을 제정하는 기관인 勃極烈은 宗室의 손에 쥐고 있었다. 勃極烈을 책임질 수 있는 사람은 宗室회윈이자 宗室近屬다. 진의 職元帥府、 樞密院을 책임진 인수는 175명인데, 그중 宗室인이 48명이다. 宗室회윈은 진의 군사기관의 책임정황에서 중요한 자리를 차지하고 있다. 이것은 송나라와 다르다. 진은 宗室을 위주로 領軍之官일뿐만아니라 권세가 높은 관원이다. 진의 중앙기관 중 宗室에 대한 임용정황에서 변화규칙을 볼 수 있는데, 重用정황이 점점 적어지고 있다. 海陵朝부터 중앙 중요기관을 책임지는 宗室 책임자가 급속히 적어졌고, 世宗시기에 와서 조금 상승하였으나 눈에 뛰지 않았다. 章宗、 宣宗、 衛紹王時期에 와서 宗室 임용은 또 다시 적어졌다. 진후기 중 앙 중요 한 기관 중 宗室임용은 매우 적다. 衛紹王、 宣宗、 哀宗朝의 六部尙書에서는宗 室의 그림자도 찾아보기 힘들다. 진의 宗室멸망은 진후기 宗室임용의 축소와 宗室 세력이 약화되었기 때문이다. 진은 송나라와 다르다. 宗室이 책임지는 관직은 권력이 높다. 예를 들면 尙書省의 최고장관인 左丞相은 百官의 首이고, 자리가 높으며 권력이 높다. 『金史』에 의하면, 29명의 元左丞相 중 17명이 宗室이다. 이외에 진전기 중앙 중요기관의 임용은 기본상 宗室近支이고, 海陵이후는 宗室疏屬이 중요한 관직을 많이 맡았고, 章宗 이후의 임용은 기본상 宗室회원의 疏屬이다. 御史台에 임용된宗室의 비율은 높지 않지만 한인의 비율은 제일 높다. 이는 진의 통치자가 외족 중 우수한 사람을 이용하여 百官을 유효적으로 관리하기 위해서다. In Chin Dynasty the royal clan was a special group and a privileged class which attracts much attention. It is not an isolated presence but an important and organic integral part of Chin’s society. In this paper, the serving situation for royals in the institution of administration, military affairs and supervisal is studied. In the early stage of Chin Dynasty, for BoJiLie which behaved as the tiptop administration of state and the administration for important state policies, it was in the charge of the royal clan. Those people who served BoJiLie were not only royal clan but also mostly close relatives of the rulers. In Chin Dynasty among the 175 officers in Yuanshuaifu and Shumiyuan (institutions of military affairs), 48 officers were from royal clan. In a word, in the important martial administrations in Chin Dynasty officers from royal clan were dominant (this was not the case in Song Dynasty). In fact, in Chin Dynasty royal clan were always selected as the captains of armies and they were all in heavy power. However, the number of royal clan served in Chin Dynasty’s central institution had a trend of decrease. Ever since Hailing period the number decreased severely; in the period of Shizong the number increased a little but not too much; when time came to Zhangzong, Xuanzong and Weishaowang the number kept decreasing. In the later stage of Chin Dynasty, there were very few royals in the important central institutions. Furthermore, royal clans even could not be found to be LiuBuShangShu (important officials in administration institution) in Weishaowang, Xuanzong and Aizong period. To a certain extent, the downfall of Chin Dynasty should be attributed to less and less royal officials in central institutions. Different from those in Song Dynasty, the official titles for Royal clan in Chin Dynasty were generally for real power. For example, the title of Zuochengxiang is the tiptop official in Shangshusheng and the highest leadership of all the officials. According to JINSHI, among those 29 Zuochengxiangs recorded, 17 of them were royal clan. In addition, in the prophase of Chin Dynasty in the central institution there were mainly the next of kin royals; after Hailing period many distant relative royals joined; while after Zhangzong period royal clan in central institution were mainly distant relative ones. However, the proportion of royal clan in YuShiTai was not high, and the highest proportion was for officials of Han. This mainly resulted from the fact that the rulers hoped to use honest officials of Han to implement effective supervision on the officials.
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李鎬君,徐光善,姜俊求 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1984 충남의대잡지 Vol.11 No.2
Admanatinoma is a rare primary malignant tumor of long bone, most of which occur in tibia. This slow-growing tumor may occur at any age. There is considerable controversy regarding the pathogenesis. We experienced recently a case of adamantinoma of long bones in a 18 year-old female. Grossly, submitted specimen consists of multiple fragmented bony spicules admixed with some tumor mass, measuring 6 x 2.5 x 2 cm in dimension of the largest mass. These tumor masses were friable, gelatinous and gray to gray-white in color. Microscopically, sections reveal pseudoglandular pattern with intervening fibrous stroma. Also some strands and nests of undifferentiated appearing cells are noted. The intervening stroma is markedly abundant and fibrous. No squamous epithelial nests are noted.
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李鎬君,姜大榮 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1983 충남의대잡지 Vol.10 No.2
In department of obstetrics and gynecology, ovarian tumors are common and very variable in type. The origin of varian tumor is poorly understood, because of complexity of ovary in function, anatomy, and embryology. There are variable different classification of the ovarian tumor, depending on whether the criteria employed are based on macroscopic appearance, microscopic finding ,clinical behavior or histogenesis of the tumor. But there is now general agreement that classification of ovarian tumor should be based on the presumed cell of origin. A total of 463 cases of ovarian tumor was obtained from the pathology file of the department of pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University during a period of 7 years beginning from January 1977 to December 1982. The results were followings; 1. These tumors consisted of 395 cases(85.3%) of benign tumors and 68 cases(14.7%) of malignant tumors. 2. In benign tumor, cystic teratoma(188 cases=47.6%) ranked first followed by serous cystadenoma(83 cases=21.0%) and mucinous cystadenoma (77 cases=19.5%), and fibroma (29 cases=7.3%). 3. In malignant tumor, metastatic carcinoma(20 cases=29.4%) was the most frequent, followed by mucinous cystadenoma, borderline(10 cases=14.7%) and serous cystadenocarcinoma (9cases=13.2%), and dysgerminoma(8 cases=71.8%). In addition, serous cystadenoma, borderline was 4 cases(5.9%), cystic teratoma with malignant change was 3 cases(4.4%) 4. Benign tumor measured 8.9㎝ in mean size of maximum diameter and malignant tumor, 13.5㎝ in mean size of maximum diameter. 5. No site predilection was noted and bilateral involvement was most frequent in metastatic carcinoma 8 cases(40%), followed by serous cystadenocarcinoma 2 cases(22.2%), serous cystadenoma 8 cases(9.6%), and cystic teratoma 18 cases(9.6%). 6. Benign tumor were most prevalent during the reproductive period, but malignant tumor were prevalent in older age group. 7. Papillary growth and psammoma bodies were more frequently found in serous type than in mucinous type. But multilocular change was more frequently found in mucinous type.
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