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슈퍼 커패시터용 전극을 위한 Polyvinylidene chloride(PVDC)-resin과 Mg(OH)₂ 템플릿으로부터 메조기공 탄소의 제조
황버들(Beodl Hwang),전상은(Sang-Eun Chun) 한국표면공학회 2019 한국표면공학회지 Vol.52 No.6
The microporous carbon derived from PVDC-resin by a simple heat-treatment under an inert atmosphere exhibits a reasonable specific capacitance for a supercapacitor’s electrode. However, the capacitance was rapidly decreased at high charge/discharge rate. The micropores present in an electrode surface hinder the entrance of an electrolyte ion onto the entire surface. To induce the meso-sized pores during the carbonization of PVDC-resin, Mg(OH)₂ was utilized as a hard template. The porous carbon made from the mixture of PVDCresin and Mg(OH)₂ include mesopores as well as micropores. The induced mesopores does not homogeneously distributed on the entire surface of the synthesized carbon. The PVDC-resin and Mg(OH)₂ are dissolved in the dimethylformamide for the hard template to evolve the pores on the synthesized carbon uniformly. The carbon made from PVDC-resin with solvent and a hard template contains mostly mesopores resulting in the high power performance. The reduced amount of solvent in the precursor derives the carbon with high specific surface area and high power density.
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1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)의 탈불화를 이용한 PVDF와 PTFE로부터 메조포러스 탄소의 합성
손인식,황버들,전상은 대한금속·재료학회 2021 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.59 No.5
Porous carbon has found commercial applications as a filter material based on the sorption ability of its pores. The pore size and surface properties of the carbon can be varied depending on the type of particles to be filtered. Here, mesoporous carbon was induced through the pyrolysis of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to fabricate a porous material for microparticle filtration. Because removal of the constituent fluorine at elevated temperature leaves small-sized micropores, the PVDF precursor mainly generates micropores during pyrolysis. To suppress the micropore evolution mechanism, the PVDF precursor was defluorinated before the heat treatment using 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(DBU) and then pyrolyzed. The suppressed evolution of the micropores during carbon synthesis leads to a lower specific surface area, suggesting low adsorption capacity. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was mixed with the PVDF precursor to induce mesoporosity. The PVDF precursor mixed with the PTFE enhanced the surface area since the PTFE could be removed, leaving mesopores after pyrolysis. The effect of the defluorination process on the porosity was investigated by varying the ratio of DBU to vinylidene fluoride unit (1, 5, 10, 20) in the precursor solution. With higher DBU content in the precursor, the micropore evolution was reduced with a lower specific surface area. The porous carbons synthesized from the precursor with a high DBU amount (DBU/vinylidene fluoride unit = 5, 10, 20) were almost entirely composed of mesopores. In addition, the higher DBU content reduced the hydrophilicity of the synthesized carbon. In summary, to separate and absorb relatively large impurities, the mesoporous carbon should be synthesized using a mixture of PVDF and PTFE precursor with an appropriate amount of DBU for a higher specific surface area.
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임상간호사의 DNR관 관련된 윤리문제에 대한 태도 조사
이순행,김정숙,황문정,황버들,박윤정 병원간호사회 1998 임상간호연구 Vol.4 No.1
The purpose of this study is to investigate ethical attitudes in connection with DNR(Do Not Resuscitate) patients in the clinical nurses. We studied 200 nurses who work in the tertiary hospital in Seoul during the August in 1997. A structured questionnaire was used and all data analysed using students t-test and x^(2) with the use of SAS software(version 6.12). 184 nurses(92%) have experience with DNR patients, while 69 nurses(34%) have had education in relation to ethics attitudes during the last 1 year. 162 nurses(81%) agreed to the notion of giving straight information about DNR to the patients or the families of patients. 96.5% subjects indicated agreement for helping patients and families to express their feelings after a DNR declaration. These data show that the need of education in hospital as well as in school should be increased to establish nursing ethics and knowledge in decision-making. The development of ethical committees including nurses can solve conflict in relation to DNR decisions. The data also indicate the need for Hospice special nurses to help terminal patients die with dignity.
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