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홍상현 ( Sang Hyun Hong ),이주연 ( Joo Yeoun Lee ),왕지남 ( Gu Nam Wang ) 대한설비관리학회 2014 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.19 No.3
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) presents information of various equipments, products, and resources in a PLC controlled manufacturing process. Considerable times and efforts are required in order to build useful and meaningful HMI. In this paper we study an integrated functional HMI standard model in order to reduce times and efforts required to build an HMI system. The proposed HMI standard model can be applied for PLC controlled manufacturing system in order to monitor manufacturing process and also to control it efficiently and effectively. The standard model is based on systematic symbol name structure of manufacturing devices which is highly related PLC logics and hardware address. This strong relationship make it possible to map PLC address to user interface automatically as well as to represent useful information such as mal-functioning reasons and a significant manufacturing behaviors. Real implementation is given to verify how the proposed approach can reduce time and effort and also how it could be utilized to general cases.
홍상현 ( Sang Hyun Hong ),최정현 ( Jung Hyun Choi ),이재민 ( Jae Min Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.57 No.6
Background: Central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring provides a useful estimate of the volume status of the systemic circulation. Both increase in the intrathoracic pressure by applying positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and various patient positioning may commonly mislead the interpretation of CVP. We investigated the effect of body posture and different PEEPs on CVP in anesthetized patients. Methods: Ninety-one patients (ASA I or II) scheduled for elective surgery with supine (50 patients), lateral decubitus (27 patients), or prone position (14 patients) were included. After induction of general anesthesia, CVP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were measured under different PEEP conditions of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O in each body posture. Results: CVP and PIP increased gradually by the increment of PEEP in patients with all positions. The magnitude of changes of CVP and PIP was significantly greater than other PEEP conditions when PEEP was 15 cmH2O, especially in prone position (P<0.05). There were no differences in MAP, HR and EtCO2 during the increase of PEEP in all positions. Conclusions: These results suggest that PEEP as much as 15 cmH2O may alter reliability of CVP in estimating adequate circulatory volumes, especially in prone position. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 57: 723∼8)
홍상현(Hong Sang Hyun) 인하대학교 법학연구소 2008 法學硏究 Vol.11 No.2
본 논문은 영상저작물의 저작권침해 판단기준에 관한 연구이다. 법률용어가 아님에도 불구하고 과거 판결문에서도 종종 쓰였던 용어인 ‘표절’에 대한 의미와 개념과 ‘저작권침해’의 의미와 개념을 재정립하며 그 외에 비슷한 개념과 비교하여 그 의미를 더 분명히 하고 판례로써 예를 들어 저작권침해의 판단기준을 확고히 하고자 한다. 인터넷의 발전에 따라서 더욱 늘어나는 저작권침해의혹을 효과적이고 정확하게 판단하기 위해서 저작권침해판단의 기준이 되는 ‘의거관계’와 ‘실질적 유사성’에 대해 알아보며 판단이 비교적 쉬운 ‘의거관계’와 절대적인 기준을 세우는 것이 상당히 애매한 ‘실질적 유사성’에 대하여 자세히 알아본다. ‘표절’은 저작권침해의 한 유형으로서 타인의 저작물을 자신의 저작물인 양 제시하는 것이므로 일반적인 저작권침해보다 비난가능성이 높다. 이러한 ‘표절’을 판단하기 위해서는 이러한 고의의 요소를 포함한 ‘의거관계’와 ‘실질적 유사성’에 대한 확실한 입증이 필요하다. 저작권침해판단기준인 ‘실질적 유사성’을 판단하는 기준에 대해서 법률적으로는 아무런 규정이 없으며 전적으로 판례와 이론에 맡겨져 있으므로 ‘실질적 유사성’을 판단하는 사람의 경험과 인식, 개인적 성향에 따라서 달라질 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 창작과 표절의 경계선, 침해와 비침해를 구분하는 경계선이 어디까지인가 하는 문제는 애매할 수 밖에 없고 저작권침해 관련 분쟁의 핵심은 그러한 경계선을 넘었는가 아닌가의 여부에 결정되는 것이다. 저작권침해의 일반이론과 그 동안의 판례에 따르면 ‘현저한 유사성’이란 저작자로부터 창작되는 창작적 표현만으로 비교해야 한다. 영상저작물 성립의 특징적 요소인 등장인물과 일상회화라는 제한된 표현 도구를 사용함으로서 문자적 저작물과 비교할 때 그 보호범위가 좁아진다. This thesis is a study about the judgement standard on the copyright infringement of cinematographic works to 1) redefine the meaning and notion of both plagiarism and copyright infringement which is not a legal term, however, had been used in the judgement in the past, and 2) compare with other similar concepts for making the meaning more clearly and firming the standard of copyright infringement as a precedent. As Internet has developed, the suspicion of copyright infringiment has increased. To judge this kind of suspicion more effective and precisely, I will talk about relationships between conformity and substantial similarity which can be a basis for judging infringement of copyrights. More specifically, relationships between conformity relatively easy to define, and substantial similarity very vague to create absolute standard were studied. Plagiarism is a type of infringiments to present others’ works as oneself’s works so that this is easier to be blamed rather than to be defined as a copyright infringement. For judging plagiarism or not, it is essential to clearly demonstrate the relationships between conformity including intentional elements and substantial similarity. There is not any rules for the standard to define substantial similarity, but it depends on only precedents and principles. Therefore, there is possibility that the standard could be varied with judge’s background, recognition, and inclination. Then, the boundary lines between creation and plagiarism, and between infringement and non-infringement are vague so that the core of dispute regarding the copyright infringement can be judged by excess the boundary or not. According to the general principles and precedents of copyright infringement, remarkable similarity has to be compared with only original expression created by writers. When comparing with literary works, the protecting range of cinematographic works using characters and routine conversation, which are distinctive elements to compose them become decrease. Thers are not many internal cases of copyright infringement so, I discussed the precedents approving substantial similarity among lots of precedents in USA. Also, infringiment examples can be arised from characters of cinematographic works were categorized by pattern and complementary methods were studied to make up for the weak points of internal copyright infringement dispute. Plus, citation, fair usingauthority of works, suggested the basic ideas to improve a system of the judgment standard on copyright infringement of cinematographic works, further for desirable use of them.