한국꿩의 생화학적 다형현상에 관한 연구 2 . 혈청효소 및 단백질의 유전적 다형현상

한상기(S . K . Han),신유철(Y . C . Shin),박양수(Y . S . Park) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.2

In these studies, the phenotypes and gene frequencies of serum enzymes(amylase and alkaline phosphatase) and serum proteins(transferrin, albumin and slow α₂-globulin) were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis from the data obtained for the identification of the genetic characteristics in Korean pheasants and their protection and prolilferation. In the amylase locus, three different phenotypes AA, AB and BB were identified and assumed to be controlled by two autosomal alleles designated AMY^A and AMY^B. The phenotype distributions were 171, 83 and 14 for AA, AB and BB types, respectively. The gene frequencies of AMY^A and AMY^B were 0.7929 and 0.2071, respectively. In the alkaline phosphatase locus, three different phenotypes FF, FS and SS were recognized. The observed distributions of phenotypes were 59, 151 and 69 for FF, FS and SS, respectively. The gene frequencies of ALP^F and ALP^S were 0.5179 and 0.44821, respectively. In the transferrin locus, 3 phenotypes were recognized and assumed to be controlled by two codominant alleles deginated Tf^A and Tf^B. The observed distribution of phenotypes were 5 for AA type, 113 and 198 for AB and BB types. The gene frequencies of Tf^A and Tf^B were 0.1946 and 0.8054, respectively. In the albumin locus, genetic variants were not observed. In the slow α₂-globulin locus, AB and BB types were recognized in wild populations but the AA type was not observed. The gene frequencies of Sα₂^A and Sα₂^B were 0.0047 and 0.9953, respectively.

한우개량을 위한 유단백질의 유전적 다형현상에 관한 연구

한상기(S . K . Han),정의용(E . Y . Chung),양교석(K . S . Yang),신유철(Y . C . Shin) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins, αs₁-casein (αs₁-CN) β-casein (β-CN), k-casein (k- CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β- LG), in milk samples from 175 Korean native cattle were analyzed by using starch gel elec-trophoresis. Their genotype and gene frequencies were estimated and their genetic relationships with other breeds were compared by using genetic distance and dendogram. The results obtained were summarized as fallows ; 1. Three genetic variants each were identified at αs₁-CN (BB, BC, and CC), k-CN (AA. AB and BB) and β-LG (AA, BB and BB) and nine genetic variants (A¹A¹, A²A², A¹A², A¹A⁴, A²A⁴, BA¹, BA², BA⁴ and BB) existed at β-CN. 2. Genotype distributions of the milk protein loci were as fallows: αs₁-CN BB 76% BC 21.1%, CC 2.9% β-CN A²A²40%, A¹A²38.3%, BA²11.4%, A¹A¹3.4%,, A²A⁴2.9%, BA¹1.7%, A¹A⁴1.1%, BA⁴0.6%, BB 0.6%, k-CN AB 52%, AA 37.1%, BB 10.9%, β-LG BB 76%, AB 23.4%, AA 0.6%. The distributions of genotypes in each milk protein locus were corresponded closely to expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 3. Gene frequencies of the milk protein loci were: αs₁-CN^B 0.866, αs₁-CN^C 0.134; β-CN^A2 0.660, β-CN^A1 0.235, β-CN^B 0.080, β-CN^A4 0.025: k-CN^A 0.631. k-CN^B 0.369; β-LG^A 0.877, β-LG^B 0.123. 4. From the analysis of` the genetic distance values and the dendogram drawn from the genetic distances matrix, the results indicate that there was a close relationship between Korean native cattle and Japanese native cattle, especially Japanese Brown. Consequently, it is supposed that Japanese native cattle originated from Korean native cattle.

PCR - RFLP 기법을 이용해 젖소개량을 위한 유전적 표지로서 K- Casein 좌위의 유전자형 분석

정의룡(E . R . Chung),김우태(W . T . Kim),최석호(S . H . Choi),임태진(T . J . Rhim),한상기(S . K . Han) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Genotypes of K-casein(K-CN) locus as a genetic marker linked to quantitative trait loci affecting traits of economic importance in dairy cattle were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood of Holstein cows. The PCR was used to amplify an 874 by region between nucleotides 10592 and 11466 from exon IV to intron IV of the bovine K-CN gene using sense primer(5`-GTGCTGAGTAGGTATCCTAG-3`) and antisense primer(5`GTAGAGTGCAACAACACTGG-3`). After amplification, PCR products were digested with four restriction enzymes, Hind III, Rsa I, Taq I, and Pst I, and the fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis for RFLP analysis of K-CN locus. In addition to screening for the known Hind III and Rsa I restriction site polymorphisms of K-CN locus, we have found additional RFLPs specific for the K-CN A and B alleles in Taca I and Pst I enzymes. The amplified DNA product digested with each restriction enzyme generated specific RFLP pattern that allowed precise identification of K-CN AA, BB or AB genotypes. The K-CN genotypes determined for cows by the PCR-RFLP method agreed completely with the phenotypes obtained from milk samples of the same individuals. Thus, PCR amplification and RFLP analysis was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for the discrimination of K-CN genotypes directly at the DNA level in dairy cattle of any age or sex. Consequently, the PCR-RFLP method presented in this study can be used as a valuable tool for early selection of AI bulls and calves with desirable K-CN B gene or K-CN BB genotype affecting superior milk production traits for genetic improvement of Holstein dairy cattle.

유단백질의 다형이 세균성 유방염에 미치는 영향

한상기,장경진,정의용 ( S . K . Han,K . J . Chang,E . Y . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Gene frequencies of milk protein from 185 Holstein-Friesian cattle (107 normal milk and 78 mastitis milk) in Korea were determined by means of starch gel electrophoresis for αs₁-casein, β-casein, K-casein, and β-lactoglobulin variants and relationships between these genetic variants and bacterial mastitis were investigated. Gene frequencies of the milk protein loci of Holstein-Friesian cattle in Korea are fairly similar to those of previous reports. In mastitis milk, however, frequency of β-lactoglobulin B (0.699) was exceptionally higher than that of β-lactoglobulin A (0.373). The other protein loci showed generally the same appearance between normal and mastitis milk. In the analysis of relationship between genetic polymorphisms and bacterial mastitis, the β-lactoglobulin system alone indicated significant appearance of phonotypes differences. Homozygous β-lactoglobulin BB in mastitis milk was approximately 16% higher than that of normal milk, However, homozygous β-lactoglobulin AA and heterosygous AB had lower percentage (approximately 8%) than those of normal milk. From these results, it may suggest that β-lactoglobulin A gene has a stronger resistance to the bacterial mastitis than β-lactoglobulin B gene and homozygous β-lactoglobulin BB pheonotype has low resistance in bacterial mastitis. No significant differences were found in the other protein loci analyzed.

경주마의 혈액형에 관한 연구 3 . 혈청 Prealbumin 의 유전적 다형

한상기,정의용,강희일 ( S . K . Han,E . Y . Chung,H . I . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.11

The purpose of the present paper was to report genetic constitution of genetic variants o1 serum prealbumin(Pr) locus in Korean racing horse populaltion by starch gel electrophoresis. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The prealbumin locus was controlled by four codominant autosomal multiple alleles, designated Pr^F, Pr^I, Pr^L and Pr^S. 2. The prealbumins were classified into nine phenotypes, FF, FL, FS, II, IL, IS, LL, LS and SS. However, the heterozygous phenotype FI was not observed. In the distribution of phenotypes, Pr LL type was the most common allele(66.42%). Secondarily, Pr II type was 13.87%, and all the other types were less than 5 %. 3. The frequencies of the Pr^L, Pr^I, Pr^F and Pr^S alleles were 0.726. 0.157, 0.044 and 0.073. respectively. Therefore, gene frequency of Pr^L allele was highly predominant.

한우 및 Holstein 의 Hemoglobin 형에 관한 연구

한상기,이기만 ( S . K . Han,K . M . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Hemoglobin samples of 108 Korean cattle and 60 holstein were studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Genetic polymorphism of hemoglobins was established in korean cattle and holstein. 1) Hemoglobin types from 108 korean cattle and 60 holstein were as follows: 86 of Hb-AA, 18 of Hb-AB, 3 of Hb-AC, 1 of Hb-BB in korean cattle and 60 of Hb-AA in holstein. 2) These figures correspond to the frequencies: Korean cattle was Hb^A=0.895, Hb^B=0.071, Hb^C=0.014 and holstein was Hb^A=1.000. Phenotypes Hb-AA and Hb-AB had the highest frequencies in korean cattle, whereas Hb-BBand Hb-Ac occur very rarely and the homozygote HbCC and Hb-BC were not recognized.

경주마의 혈액형에 관한 연구 1 . 혈청 Transferrin 의 유전적 다형

한상기,정의용,강희일 ( S . K . Han,E . Y . Chung,H . I . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.7

This experiment was carried out to estimate phenotypes and gene frequencies in genetic variant of transferrin(tf) system in serum proteins from total 137 individuals racing horses reared in Korea by means of starch gel electrophoresis, and thus to get fundamental data for the improvement of racing horses by pedigree registry using blood type. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At the present time, serum Tf types in horses are controlled by 11 alleles, named Tf^A(Tf^D), Tf^B(Tf^(F1), Tf^(F2) and Tf^(F3)), Tf^G, Tf^C(Tf^(H1) and Tf^(H2)), Tf^J, Tf^M, Tf^D(Tf^O), and Tf^E(Tf^R). In Korean racing horse population, however, Tf types were shown to be controlled by five codominant autosomal alleles, Tf^A, Tf^B Tf^C, Tf^D and Tf^E, and alleles Tf^(F3), Tf^G, Tf^J and Tf^M were not recognized. 2. In the Tf system 13 phenotypes(5 homozygote and 8 heterozygote), AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, AB, AD, AE, BC, BE, CD, CE and DE were classified. However, heterozygous Tf phenotype AC was not found. The distribution of Tf phenotypes was Tf BB type 33.58%. Tf AB type 28.47% and Tf AA type 10.95%. All the other phenotypes were lower than 10%. The expected numbers of phenotypes were in good agreement with the observed numbers 3. The frequencies of the five alleles Tf^A, Tf^B, Tf^C, Tf^D and Tf^E were 0.296, 0.544, 0.029, 0.073 and 0.058, respectively. Therefore, gene frequencies indicate that Tf^B was the most common allele and, secondarily, Tf^A gene. The Tf^C, Tf^D and Tf^E showed low gene frequency. These results were stikingly similar to the data reported in Thoroughbred and Anglo-Arab breeds.

한우의 Albumin ( Alb ) 형 및 Post - albumin ( Pa ) 형에 관한 연구

한상기,이기만 ( S . K . Han,K . M . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Albumin and post albumin types in korean cattle were investigated by means of starch gel electrophoresis. 1) The distribution of Alb phenotypes in 108 korean cattle was Alb-AA type 105 and Alb-AB type 3. The Alb BB type has not yet been reconiged in korean cattle. The gene frequencies were Alb^A=0.986 and AIb^B=0.014. The gene Alb^C and Alb^B, which have not been reconiged in european cattle, were found at relatively high frequencies in formosan yellow cattle, at low frequencies in korean cattle, and very rare in a Japanese breed. According to these results it is supposed that Japanese native cattle originated from korean cattle, and these two breeds might have been somehow influenced by yellow cattle. 2) The distribution of Pa phenotypes in 107 korean cattle was Pa-AA type 9, Pa-AB type 49 and Pa-BB type 49. The gene frequencies were Pa^A=0.313 and Pa^B=0.687.

PCR - RFLP 기법을 이용한 젖소 유전적 개량을 위한 선발도구로서 β- lactoglobulin 좌위의 유전자형 분석

정의룡(E . R . Chung),김우태(W . T . Kim),한상기(S . K . Han) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Genotypes of the β-lactoglobulin(β-LG) locus as a generic marker linked to quantitative trait loci affecting traits of economic importance in dairy cattle were determined by the PCR-RFLP or AFLP method. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood of Holstein cows. The PCR was used to amplify a 262 by region between nucleotides 367 and 629 from exon IV to intron N of the bovine β-LG gene using forward primer(GTCCTTGTGCTGACACCGACTACA-3`) and reverse primer(CAGGACACCGGCTCCTGGTATATGA-3`). After amplification, PCR products were digested with Hae III restriction enzyme, and the fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis for RFLP or AFLP analysis of β-LG locu s. RFLP specific for the β-LG A and B alleles were identified with the Hae III restriction enzyme. The β-LG AA genotypes produced two fragments of 109 and 153bp and the BB genotypes three fragments of 109, 79 and 74bp. The AB genotypes showed the intermediate pattern. Thus, PCR amplification and RFLP analysis was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for the discrimination of β-LG genotypes directly at the DNA level in dairy cattle of any age or sex. Consequently, the PCR-RFLP or AFLP method presented in this study can be used as a valuable tool for early selection of A1 bulls and calves with the desirable β-LG gene or BB genotype affecting superior milk production traits for genetic improvement of dairy cattle.

경주마의 혈액형에 관한 연구 6 . 적혈구 Catalase , Carbonic anhydrase 및 Acid phosphatase

한상기(S . K . Han),정의용(E . Y . Chung),강희일(H . I . Kang) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Genetic polymorphism of red cell catalase(Cat). carbonic anhydrase(CA) and acid phosphatase(AP) enzymes in 176 Korean race horses were investigated by means of starch gel electrophoresis and the appearence of phenotypes. genotypes and gene frequencies were analyzed, The results are summarized as follows: 1. At the catalase isozyme locus, two different phenotypes Cat-M and Cat-S were observed, whereas, homologous Cat-F type was not recognized. The observed Cat polymorphism was assumed to be controlled by a pair of codominant allele designated Cat^F and Cat^S at a single autosomal locus. The phenotype distribution was 89(53.29%) for Cat-S and 78(46.91%) for Cat-M. Gene frequency of Cat^S allele(0.766) was about 3 times higher than that of CatF allele(0.234). 2. In the case of carbonic anhydrase isozyme locus, all three possible phenotypes FF, FS ad SS were observed and assumed to be controlled by a pair of codominant autosomal alleles. The phenotype distribution was estimated to be 4(2.4%), 6(3.59%) and 157(94.01%,), respectively, for the CA-FF, CA-FS and CA-SS. At the distribution of the allele controlling the synthsis of CA isozyme, the overwhelmingly predominant allele was CA^S with a frequency of 0.958, whereas CA^F allele was in low gene frequency of 0.042. 3. For acid phosphatase isozyme locus, only the AP-SS type was observed, and the AP-FF and AP-FS types were not recognized.