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최용수,강홍구,임명섭,안동순,윤대희,Choi, Young-Soo,Kang, Hong-Goo,Lim, Myoung-Seob,Ahn, Dong-Soon,Youn, Dae-Hee 한국음향학회 1995 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.14 No.4
In this paper a way to improve the performance of the long term prediction is proposed, which adopts the Multi-band Excitation (MBE) method in addition to the Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) method at low bit rates below 4.8 kbps. In the proposed method, the multiband long term prediction is performed on the periodic components which still remain after the long term prediction of the conventional CELP method. At this point, the whole frequency region is divided into subbands whose size is equal to the spacing between the harmonics of the fundamental frequency, and the periodic multiband excitation signals. are represented as the sum of sine waves approximately as large as the spectrum of the excitation signals, so that the actual characteristics of the excitation signals can be better taken into account. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, computer simulation is performed at 4.8 kbps. The 4.8 kbps DoD CELP and the 4.4 kbps IMBE were chosen as the reference vocoders for the speech quality measure. The result of the perceptual speech quality measure showed that the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the 4.8 kbps DoD CELP vocoder, and similar to that of the 4.4 kbps IMBE vocoder. 본 논문에서는 CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction) 부호화기의 장구간 예측단에 MBE(Multi-Band Excitation) 방법을 도입하여 4.8kbps 이하의 낮은 전송률에서 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 기존의 CELP 방법으로 장구간 예측을 한 후에도 여전히 남아 있는 주기적 성분들을 다시 한번 다중대역(multiband)으로 장구간 예측을 한다. 이때 전 스펙트럼을 기본 주파수의 하모닉 간격으로 대역 분할하고, 주기적 다중대역 여기 신호는 각 대역 내의 하모닉들에서 여기 신호 스펙트럼과 근사한 크기를 갖는 정현파 (sine wave)의 합으로 표현함으로써 실제 여기 신호의 특성을 잘 반영하도록 한다. 제안된 방법의 성능 평가를 위해서 4.8 kbps의 전송률에서 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 하였다. 음질 평가의 비교 기준 대상으로 4.8 kbps DoD CELP와 4.4 kbps IMBE를 선정하여 주관적인 음질 평가를 실시한 결과 4.8 kbps DoD CELP보다 우수하였고, 4.4 kbps IMBE와는 비슷하였다.
동양종 꿀벌(Apis cerana F.) 밀랍을 이용한 여왕벌 양성 기술
최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),이만영(Man-Young Lee),홍인표(In-Pyo Hong),우순옥(Soon-ok Woo),심하식(Ha-Sik Sim),변규호(Gyu-Ho Byuon),타파 라트나(Ratna Thapa),이명렬(Myeong-Lyeol Lee) 한국양봉학회 2013 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.28 No.3
We compared the grafting success to rear of Apis carana F. queens cells, to which we grafted 540 larvae. The wax for cups we prepared from A. mellifera L. and A. cerana F. wax. The A. cerana F. wax cups were found that artificial queen cell cups with the internal diameter of 8.0 mm at the mouth and 8.0 mm depth were highly preferred by the bees for rearing of queens from the grafted larvae. From the 180 grafted larvae into A. mellifera L. wax bees accepted 30 queens cells, only (16.66%); A. cerana wax bees accepted 59 queens cells (32.77%); plastic cup bees accepted 18 queens cells, only (10.00%). In the preference test the grafting success in the A. cerana wax cups were better than in the A. mellifera L. wax and plastic cup. The results show better acceptance of larvae grafted into the pure A. cerana F. wax cups for rearing A. cerana F. queen. A new method for rearing honey bees, A. cerana F., in vivo was developed and the effects of royal jelly from A. mellifera L. We used royal jelly diluted 50:50 with sterile water (The royal jelly is kept frozen until used). A small amount (±10μg) of royal jelly is placed at the center of each cell cup. Young A. cerana larvae were transferred into the queen cups containing ±10μg of the Royal jelly from A. mellifera L. and A. cerana F. The average rates of acceptance were affected significantly due to the royal jelly source in the queen cell cups (over 90%). It is so workable first to produce pure A. cerana F. wax for making the queen cups before a beekeeper starts with grafting.
벌집 추출물에 의한 국내 남부지방 양봉장의 등검은말벌, Vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) 여왕벌 포획
최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),이명렬(Myeong-Lyeol Lee),이만영(Man-Young Lee),김혜경(Hye-Kyung Kim),윤미영(Mi-Young Yoon),강아랑(Ah-Rang Kang) 한국양봉학회 2015 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
The Vespa velutina nigrithorax has proliferated in southern area of Korea since 2003. We identified 6 vespid species found in southern area in Korea, but V. velutina is invasive species. Observations were carried out in the southern region of Korea on the activity of V. velutina queens frequently appears near honeybee apiaries. We trapped V. velutina during spring season (March to May) by sugar syrup, honeybee comb extract, and beer mixture (5:3:2). Beekeepers must catch the queens of V. velutina during May to March. It will be reduced population of V. velutina worker during summer and autumn about 75% to 85%. The queens of V. velutina appeared end of march after hibernation. Therefore, queen trapping will reduce number of V. velutina colonies, dynamically.
최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),이명렬(Myeong-Lyeol Lee),이만영(Man-Young Lee),김혜경(Hye-Kyung Kim),이광길(Kwang-Gill Lee),여주홍(Joo-Hong Yeo),우순옥(Soon-Ok Woo) 한국양봉학회 2009 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.24 No.1
The traditional use of insects as food continues to be widespread in tropical and subtropical countries and to provide significant nutritional, economic and ecological benefits for rural communities. Specially, Bee brood serves as a food source to humans in many countries although limited data exists concerning its nutrient composition. Bee brood (pupa and larvae) were analyzed for Carbohydrate, Saturated fatty acid, Cholesterol, protein, fat, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. Bee brood was high in protein (46.4~46.73%), fat (18.84~20.75%), carbohydrate (24.66~35.79%), Folic acid (222.30㎍/100g), and vitamins. Differentially, folic acid had been contained by high density in pupa of drone. While low in iron, bee brood was a good source of folic acid, and carbohydrate. The fat was composed mostly of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The present data suggest bee brood to be an excellent source of many valuable nutrients including energy, amino acids, many essential minerals, and B-vitamins. These data suggest bee brood could be a valuable source of nutrients to various populations.
동양종 꿀벌 항균단백질(Royalisin and Hymenopteacin)의 유전자 구조 분석
최용수(Yong Soo Choi),이만영(Man Young Lee),홍인표(In Pyo Hong),김남숙(Nam Suk Kim),김혜경(Hye Kyung Kim),변규호(Kyu Ho Byeon),이명렬(Myeong Lyeol Lee),이광길(Kwang Gill Lee) 한국양봉학회 2010 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.25 No.1
The Asiatic honeybee, Apis cerana Fabricius, is an important honeybee species in Asian countries. It is still found in the wild, but is also one of the few bee species that can be domesticated. It has acquired some genetic advantages and significantly different biological characteristics compared with other Apis species. However, it has been less studied. We designed primers for the sequences of the antimicrobial peptide cDNA genes (royalisin and hymenoptaecin) of the Asiatic honeybee, A. cerana. All the sequences were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In all, antimicrobial peptides (royalisin and hymenoptaecin) were cloned and identified from the Asiatic honeybee, A. cerana adult workers. Royalisin is an antibacterial peptide found in Royal Jelly. The royalisin gene fragments of Asiatic honeybee (Apis cerana), 285bp cDNA encoding pre-pro-Acroyalisin (Ac-Royal) of 95 amino acid residues were cloned into the pGEM-T vector and than sequence analysed. Hymenoptaecin is one of important antibacterial peptides in honey bee. Both A. cerana and A. mellifera (GenBank No. AAR01214) royalisins consist of 95 amino acids. The hymenoptaecin gene fragments of Asiatic honeybee (A. cerana), 378bp cDNA encoding pre-pro-Ac-hymenoptaecin (Ac-Hym) of 126 amino acid residues were cloned into the pGEM-T vector and than sequence analysed. Compared to A. mellifera hymenoptaecin (GenBank No. AAA67444), which is a cationic polypeptide with 126 amino acids, mature A. cerana hymenoptaecin is 129 amino acids long, suggesting structural and functional similarity to A. mellifera hymenoptaecin.
호박벌( Bombus ignitus)에서의 Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) 진단
최용수(Yong Soo Choi),이만영(Man Young Lee),이명렬(Myeong Lyeol Lee),김혜경(Hye Kyung Kim),김남숙(Nam Suk Kim),홍인표(In Pyo Hong),변규호(Kyu Ho Byeon),이광길(Kwang Gill Lee),윤형주(Hyung Joo Yoon) 한국양봉학회 2009 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.24 No.2
We report for the first time the occurrence of DWV-infected bumble bees (Bombus ignitus). For the present study, the detection of DWV virus from the female and male bumble bee was investigated in the same colony. The Deformed wing virus (DWV) of honeybee (Apis mellifera) is closely associated with characteristic wing deformities, abdominal bloating, paralysis, and rapid mortality of emerging adult bees. Using specific RT-PCR protocols for the detection of DWV followed by sequencing of the PCR products we could demonstrate that the bumble bees were indeed infected with DWV. The virus was detected from Bombus ignitus, and its partial DWV gene was cloned and sequenced. The partial DWV gene encoding the polyprotein is 711-nt of 235 amino acid residues. The deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV showed 96.9%, 96.2%, 96.8%, and 96.5% homology to other structure polyprotein partial gene of DWV from insects, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis further conformed that the deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV divided to the outside tree. We describe the first time that presence of Deformed wing virus (DWV) from bumble bee (Bombus terrestris) in Korea using RT-PCR.
최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),이명렬(Myeong-Lyeol Lee),이만영(Man-Young Lee),이광길(Kwang-Gill Lee) 한국양봉학회 2008 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.23 No.2
Mortality of honeybees is a serious problem that beekeepers have to face periodically in Korea and worldwide. The presence of RNA viruses, in addition to other pathogens may be one of its possible causes. In this work, we detected Deformed wing virus (DWV), Israle Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Cloudy wing virus (CWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), Sacbrood virus (SBV), Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) in samples of korea honeybees with or without Varroa destructor and Nosema apis. The detection of viruses in all provinces, simultaneous co-infection of colonies by several viruses and the fact that 96.3% of the samples were infected with one or more virus, indicates they are widely spread in the region. Using uniplex and multiplex RT-PCR we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including DWV, IAPV, BQCV, KBV, CWV, and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. Also, average spore number of Nosema apis was confirmed by 30,029 spores per 1 worker bee, and 128,750 spores were confirmed in Anseong that is 1,200, maximum place of infection in Gangneung that is lowest occurrence area. Average infection rate of chalk brood was 27.03%, and Cheorwon that is lowest infection area is 2.3% and Suncheon that is maximum infection area was 71.9%. Conclusively, investigated disease of the bee, and confirmed new virus that lead to bee disease, this is thought by valuable thing as data for development of beekeeping industry such as CCD (Colony Collapse Disorder)’s cause searching examination.
최용수(Yong-Soo Choi),김혜경(Hye-Kyung Kim),이상철(Sang-Cheol Lee),이만영(Man-Young Lee),홍인표(In-Pyo Hong),김남숙(Nam-Suk Kim),윤석환(Seok-Hwan Yoon),이광길(Kwang-Gill Lee) 한국양봉학회 2009 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
In this study were showed antibacterial activity, antioxidant ability, and measuring the total phenol compounds from the bee-comb-extract. we measured the total phenols content through a spectrophotometric determination with a modified Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total phenolic compounds were detected from bee-comb-extract (0.52㎎/ml), R. pseudoacacia honey (0.06㎎/ml), Apple honey (0.08㎎/ml), chestnut honey (0.67㎎/ml), and Manuka honey (UMF +15)(0.49㎎/ml). The bee-comb-extract has more phenol compounds than Manuka honey (+15). In this research, we detect the DPPH scavenging activity from bee-comb-extract (62.55%), R. pseudoacacia honey (0.42%), Apple honey (0.42%), chestnut honey (73.22%), and Manuka honey (UMF +15)(64.44%). These data suggest the bee-comb-extract could be use valuable source of anti-ageing to human and bee. Also, Should be use source of antibacterial and antiviral material.