연구발표 초록 ( 안전 (Ⅱ) ) : 불활성 가스의 폭굉 억제효과에 관한 연구

최연석,김한석 ( Yeon Seok Choi,Han Seok Kim ) 한국화학공학회 1991 춘계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

VM열펌프의 2차해석

최연석,정은수,Choi, Y.S.,Jeong, E.S. 대한설비공학회 1996 설비공학 논문집 Vol.8 No.2

Performance of a VM heat pump is considerably affected by various losses, such as enthalpy dump, reheat loss, pumping loss, conduction loss and shuttle loss. A second-order analysis model of VM heat pumps, which allows consideration of the major losses, was presented. Actual heat transfer rates for heat exchangers were calculated from the heat transfer rates obtained by the adiabatic analysis and various losses. New effective temperatures of heat exchangers were calculated from the actual heat transfer rates and the mean heat transfer coefficients until there was no appreciable change in the effective temperatures. Effects of design parameters, such as phase angle, swept volume ratio, regenerator length and speed on heating capacity, cooling capacity and COP were shown.

폐자동차엔진윤활유의 재활용에 관한 연구

최연석,최갑석,김한석,김관태 ( Yeon Seok Choi,Kab Seok Choi,Han Seok Kim,Kwan Tae Kim ) 한국화학공학회 1995 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.1 No.1

물질분리를 위한 전도냉각형 초전도자석 시스템 개발

최연석,김동락,이병섭,양형석,정원묵,Choi, Y.S.,Kim, D.L.,Lee, B.S.,Yang, H.S.,Jung, W.M. 한국초전도학회 2008 Progress in superconductivity Vol.10 No.1

A conduction-cooled superconducting magnet system is developed for material separation. The superconducting magnet for material separation has to be designed to have a strong magnetic field in a control volume. Since the magnetic field gradient is larger at the end rather than at the center of the magnet, we developed a design method to optimize the superconducting magnet for material separation. The safety of the superconducting magnet is evaluated, taking into account the electro-magnetic field, heat and structure. The superconducting coil is successfully wound by the wet-winding method. The superconducting coil is installed in a cryostat maintaining high vacuum, and cooled down to approximately 4 K by a two-stage GM cryocooler. The performance of the conduction-cooled superconducting magnet system is discussed with respect to the supplied current, cooling medium and cooling power of a cryocooler.

[특별세션강연 5] 플랜트 FEED(front-end engineering & design) 설계 기반 구축

최항석(Hang Seok Choi),김용진(Yong Jin  Kim),김석준(Seock Joon Kim),최연석(Yeon Seok Choi),최병익(Byung-Ik Choi),최병일(Byung Il Choi) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.5

PTW를 활용한 전력계통 보호협조 현장적용 방안

최연석(Youn-Suck Choi),박정호(Joung-Ho Park),최경용(Kyoung-Yong Choi),김기호(Ki-Ho Kim),오치영(Chi-Yong Oh) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2024 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.5

유기성폐기물을 이용한 bio-SRF제조 및 미분탄과 혼합연소에 관한 연구

최연석(Yeonseok Choi),최상규(Sangkyu Choi),김석준(Seockjoon Kim),정연우(Yeonwoo Jeong),한소영(Soyoung Han) 한국신재생에너지학회 2018 신재생에너지 Vol.14 No.3

Bio-SRF (Solid Refuse Fuel) pellets was manufactured, in which three types of biomass wastes, i.e., paper sludge, waste coffee ground, and waste wood, were chosen as the raw material and pelletized with several mixing recipes. Physicochemical analysis showed that coffee ground has a high calorific value of 5,800 kcal/kg, which is approximately 50% higher than normal wood. The higher heating value of paper sludge has a wide range from 2,000 to 4,000 kcal/kg according to its generation source company. The more waste coffee ground was used, the weaker strength of the bio-SRF pellet. To manufacture a strong bio-SRF pellet, less than 50% waste coffee ground was desirable in its ingredient recipe. Three types of bio-SRF manufactured with different recipes were co-combusted with a 3~4% mixing ratio of total fuel in a 500 MW commercial pulverized-coal power plant for twelve hours continuously to assess its possibility as a renewable fuel. The data showed that the boiler performance, such as the generated power, carbon residue in bottom ash, and pressure stability in the coal mill, were maintained in the normal state and the air pollutant concentrations, such as NOx, SOx, and dust, in the emission stack were similar to the only coal combustion condition.

극저온용기 액체헬륨 표면 상부의 열전달 특성

최연석(Yeon Suk Choi),김동락(Dong Lak Kim),신동원(Dong Won Shin) 대한설비공학회 2011 설비공학 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

The cryogenic cooling load from the top plate of cryostat to liquid helium surface, including wall conduction, thermal radiation and current leads, is investigated in a closed cryostat system for superconducting magnet. In general methods of load estimation, individual load is calculated separately, however they are actually coupled each other because of natural convection of helium vapor. Using relevant heat transfer analysis, we calculate cryogenic load with taking into account the effect of natural convection. Cryogenic load is under-estimated approximately 1% when the natural convection is ignored. The difference between actual cooling load and cooling load by individual calculation increases with supplying current.

후원수당 지급총액 산정과 가격합계액의 해석 - 서울고등법 2018. 2. 7선고 2017누35549 판결을 중심으로 -

최연석 ( Yeunseok Choi ),예영란 ( Younglan Yea ) 한국유통법학회 2018 유통법연구 Vol.5 No.1

다단계판매업자가 다단계판매원에게 지급할 수 있는 후원수당 총액은 다단계판매업자가 다단계판매원에게 공급한 재화나 용역(권리 포함)의 가격합계액의 35%를 넘지 못한다. 후원수당 지급총액 산정에 있어서 가격합계액을 ‘재화나 용역’의 가격 자체의 합계액으로 산정할지, 다단계판매업자의 재무제표(손익계산) 상 매출액을 기준으로 산정할지 문제될 수 있는데, 최근 공정거래위원회와 서울고등법원은 재화뿐만 아니라 용역(권리)의 경우에도 재무제표(손익계산서)의 매출액을 기준으로 가격합계액을 산정하여야 한다는 취지로 판단하였다. 그러나 일반기업회계기준은 용역(권리)이 판매되면 이를 ‘선수금’으로 인식하고 실제 용역제공이 진행됨에 따라 재무제표(손익계산서)의 매출로 인식하도록 하고 있으므로, 판매대금이 곧바로 매출로 인식되는 재화처럼 재무제표(손익계산서)의 매출액을 기준으로 영역(권리)의 가격합계액을 산정할 경우 용역(권리)에 대한 다단계판매의 후원수당 지급총액 비율이 과다하게 산정될 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 불합리할 뿐만 아니라, 용역을 취급하는 다단계판매업자에게 불리하다. 다단계판매업자가 후원수당 지급총액 35%를 초과하여 후원수당을 지급할 경우, 다단계판매업자는 공정거래위원회로부터 시정명령, 과징금 등 불이익한 행정처분을 부과 받을 수 있고, 3년 이하의 징역 또는 1억 원 이하의 형사처벌을 받을 수 있으므로, ‘가격합계액’은 침익적 행정처분의 엄격해석 원칙이나 죄형법정주의에 비추어 해석될 필요가 있다. 현행 방문판매업 제20조 제3항은 ‘가격합계액’과 관련하여 “공급한 재화 등의 가격(부가가치세를 포함한다) 합계액”으로 규정하고 있을 뿐 재무제표(손익계산서)의 매출액으로 규정하고 있지 아니하며, 방문판매법의 개정 연혁에 비추어 보더라도 후원수당 지급총액 산정의 기준이 되는 ‘가격합계액’은 재화나 용역의 가격 자체의 합계액으로 산정하는 것이 타당하다. The total amount of compensation that a multi-level marketing (“MLM”) business entity may pay to a MLM salesperson shall not exceed the amount equivalent to 35% of the total value of goods or services (including the right to receive such services) supplied by the MLM business entity to the MLM salesperson, under the current MLM regulation (the “35% rule”). Regarding the calculation of the “total value”, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (the “KFTC”) and the seoul Hight Court recently decided that the “total value” should be the total revenue from goods or services taken from the MLM business entity`s financial statement (i.e., income statement) rather than the sum of the value (or prices) of goods or services. Under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, when a business entity sells a service to a customer, the amount received is first recorded as an advance payment. Over time as the services is rendered, the financial statement will be modified to reflect it as revenue. On the other hand, when a business entity sells a good to a customer, the amount received is promptly recorded as a revenue, not as an advance payment. Accordingly, under the KFTC and Seoul High Court`s method, the share of compensation would appear much higher in MLM business entities that provide services than in MLM business entities that provide goods. This result is unreasonable and unfair to service-providing MLM business entities. When a MLM business entity violates the 35% rule, it may face administrative fines and remedial measures by the KFTC, not to mention possible criminal sanctions. Considering these negative consequences, the term “total value” should be strictly interpreted in accordance with the terms of the relevant MLM regulation. As both the previous and current MLM regulations only refer to the “total value”, not the “revenue”, the term “total value” should be calculated by the sum of the value (or prices) of goods or services.

원격의료에 있어서의 의사의 설명의무에 관한 연구 - 원격의료와 의사의 설명의무 근거규정 도입에 대하여 -

최연석 ( Choi Youn-suk ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2020 法과 政策 Vol.26 No.2

원격의료(Telemedicine)란 의학기술과 정보통신기술을 융합한 개념으로, 원거리에 있는 의료공급자가 의료수요자에게 정보통신기술을 이용하여 비대면적인 방법으로 의료서비스를 제공하는 것을 말한다. 원격의료는 비대면성으로 인하여 전염병이 유행하는 상황에서도 안전하게 진료가 가능하며, 격지와 오지의 의료접근성을 높이고, 만성질환자들을 이동 없이 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 등의 장점이 있다. 이에 따라 시간적ㆍ공간적 제약 없이 의사가 환자를 비대면으로 진료할 수 있는 원격의료서비스 산업은 전 세계적으로 성장하고 있다. 국내에서도 코로나바이러스감염증-19의 유행에 따라 원격의료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 2020. 2. 24.부터 임시적으로 전화를 이용한 원격진료가 허용되고 있다. 하지만 원격의료는 장점만 있는 것이 아니라 단점도 존재한다. 원격의료는 비대면으로 진행되기 때문에 정보통신장비에 의하여 전달된 정보에 의존해 의료행위를 할 수밖에 없다. 의사의 경우 촉진ㆍ타진 등 대면으로 진행할 수 있는 진료행위를 하지 못하기 때문에 정확한 진단을 내리는데 문제가 발생하여 오진의 가능성이 높아질 것이다. 환자의 경우 의료기기를 조작하거나 검사ㆍ진단ㆍ투약과 같은 의료행위를 환자가 분담해야 하는 등의 다양한 문제가 발생하는데, 의료기기의 조작에 능숙하지 않고 의료지식도 부족한 환자에 의하여 잘못된 의료정보가 의사에게 전달될 가능성도 있다. 원격의료는 정보통신기술의 발달로 인하여 새롭게 등장한 의료 영역이며, 비대면으로 진행된다는 점 때문에 의료사고 및 부작용이 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 원격의료 시대에서는 환자가 비대면 의료서비스인 원격의료를 통하여 치료를 받을 것인지를 스스로 결정할 수 있어야 하고 원격의료 과정에서 발생할 위험에 스스로 대비해야 할 필요성이 커졌다. 따라서 환자에게 의료행위에 대하여 충분하게 설명하고 그에 따라 동의를 받아야 하는 의사의 설명의무가 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 우리나라는 원격의료의 적용 범위를 넓히기 위하여 의료법 개정을 계속 시도하고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 원격의료에서의 설명의무에 대하여는 구체적인 논의가 되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 원격의료의 경우 일반적인 의료행위와 비교하여 비대면성에 의한 특유의 설명의무 내용이 존재하는 바, 원격의료의 도입과 관련하여 혼란을 최소화하고 환자의 자기결정권과 국민의 건강을 보장할 수 있도록 원격의료에서의 의사의 설명의무에 대한 명문의 근거규정을 조속히 도입하여야 할 것이다. Telemedicine, which encompasses medical technologies and information & communication technologies, refers to the system where providers of medical care provide demanders thereof far away from them with non-confrontational medical treatment services using information & communication technologies. Benefits of telemedicine result from the absence of confrontation which enables safe medical treatment even in the midst of an epidemic, increases accessibility to health care in distant or remote areas and contributes to the efficient management of the chronically ill with no need for moving. Consequently, the telemedicine industry which features non-confrontational medical treatment without constraints of time and space is growing in the world. As telemedicine is getting attention with the spread of COVID-19, the medical treatment by telephone calls has been allowed temporarily since February 24, 2020 in Korea as well. However, despite such benefits, telemedicine also has drawbacks. Non-confrontational medical practice inevitably brings the dependence of medical treatments on information delivered via information technology equipment. Therefore, there is an increased chance of misdiagnoses due to difficulties of doctors in making an accurate diagnosis in the absence of physical examination, including palpation, percussion, etc. Patients also go through several difficulties, taking on a role in operating medical devices or performing medical activities including examination, diagnosis, injection, etc., which brings the possibility that the patients who are not skilled at handling medical devices and have insufficient medical knowledge deliver misinformation to doctors. Telemedicine is a new area of medicine which emerged with the development of information and communication technologies, and it is expected that there are increases in medical accidents and side effects in this area due to its nature of non-confrontation. In the era of telemedicine, there is an increasing need for patients to make their own decision on whether they will get treatments through telemedicine, non- confrontational medical services, and to prepare against potential dangers in the process of telemedicine. Therefore, a doctor’s duty of explanation which includes providing patients with a full explanation on medical activities and gaining their consent is of growing importance. In Korea, there have been continuous attempts for the revision of the medical law to expand the range of application of telemedicine. However, there has been no specific discussion on the duty of explanation. Since the nature of telemedicine which includes non-confrontation serves as the basis for a doctor’s duty of explanation with contents distinct from that for the area of general medicine, there is an urgent need for the introduction of applicable provisions on the duty of explanation in the area of telemedicine for the minimization of confusion arising from the introduction of telemedicine, protection of self-determination of a patient and improvement of national health.