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- 저자 : 조쟁규 ( Jaeng Kyu Cho ) (검색결과 18 건)
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조쟁규(Jaeng Kyu Cho) 한국체육철학회 2000 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.8 No.1
So far, researches in the Christionity`s view of the human body has virtually been neglected, since it`s seen just to lean toward dualism and asceticism. The purpose of this study was. accordingly, to redefine the thoughts on the body in the Reformation period, by looking into the ideas of Luther and Comenius on the body, who were respectively the first and last Reformers who pursued the return to the Scripture, rejecting the thought of the medieval Christionity. Luther viewed human as an integrated concept, rather than as a creature that the body was separated from the spirit. In other words, he saw man not as a dualistic existence but as an entity that the body and spirit were unified. And the worth of the body was acknowledged by him as not only the mei\ans of play activity but the sound means to serve the God and neighbor. Further, he considered the body the counterpart of the spirit, not a subordinate one, denying the medieval ascetic view of the body that looked upon it as a sort of sin. Comenius kept himself away from the dualistic view that contempted the body. He understood it as a harmonious character, namely a whole man. He argued that the body was where the holy spirit dwelled, not the soul, and the activity of understanding couldn`t be done without the body, admitting the necessity and worth of the body. On the other hand, Comenius was against the asceticism that man could be virtuous by denying or restraining human desire, because he believed the practice of asceticism rather contributed to narrowing human life, drying the spring of ,joy, ruining the hope of the youth, deteriorating physical dignity, and considering material evil, although it could sometimes be used in physical education or learning. Their view of the body that saw human as an organic unity could be served as an alternative to changing physical education paradigm and overcoming the dualistic concept, and provided a theoretical evidence about the importance of physical education.
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조쟁규(Cho, Jaeng-Kyu) 한국체육철학회 2003 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.11 No.1
School physical education shall be performed in ways of fully enjoying the pleasure and increasing subjective sense of satisfaction as the participation at physical activities. The direction of school physical education shall be set up under the premise of such value. Therefore thinking that physical education could accomplish the goal through phenomenological experience in physical activities, phenomenological ways of approach for the activation of school physical education are presented as the follow. 1) The character of physical education shall be exploring inner experience by participating with the subjectivity at physical activities with the body as the cognition subjectivity through physical activities. 2) The goal of school physical education shall be complementing basic character as the experiential education based on aesthetic expression of human and based on it experiential character of knowledge which feels and thinks the essence of human existence experientially. 3) The contents of school physical education shall be emphasizing experiential activities which find physical activities directly within the curriculum. Actually making the students participate experientially and directly at physical education situations, it shall have the students experience their living movement for the purpose of strengthening and sublimating it. 4) The teaching methods of school physical education shall be emphasizing expressive meaning which produces new meaning of movement through direct experience. By carefully observing and practicing diverse image of movement in the situations of physical education activities perceiving and expressing, the meaning of touching and living movement shall be focused finally. 5) The direction of the evaluation of school physical education shall be improved in ways to more understanding the course of knowledge and the methods of perceiving or moving in aesthetic experience of human movement. The evaluation shall be performed in the direction of the course and the quality of the result appearing as the result of physical education teaching. In conclusion, school`s physical education approached in the phenomenological sense can maintain its phenomenological perspective and regain the body`s basic movements and the empirical nature focused on the student`s realm and thereby overcoming it.
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박봉률(Bong Yul Park),조쟁규(Jaeng Kyu Cho) 한국체육철학회 2000 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.8 No.1
The purpose of this study is to examine how Dewey growth theory, his key educational thought, is related to physical education and what implications it has for physical education. The findings of this study are as below: First, Dewey presented a unified view of the body and mind, overcoming the dualistic way of thinking. According to hire, behavior is the very way of thinking, and one can learn by behaving. One can behave because a thinking process is included in physical movement. This implies the body and mind can never be seperated from each other and never take an independent action, and has very critical implications for the philosophy of physical education. Second, to ensure continuing growth, one`s experience should be reconstructed and physical education needs to perform a mission to facilitate the integrated development of mental, physical. social and emotional aspects in the process of reconstruction. In light of the principle of integration, physical education has to pursue not only physical health maintenance and better physical strength but educational development for the whole man. Third, learning guidance should be done in such a way to develop student`s creativity. If the goal of education is to enhance an ability to solve the given problems in the course of life, physical education learning should be done from a problem solving perspective as well. Students should be provided interest-centered individualized Teaming guidance according to individual characteristics. instead of controlling one. Fourth, physical education curriculum is a student-catered one built on student`s need and interest. Dewey argued that curriculum shouldn`t be arranged hierarchically but should be flexible. Teacher has to avoid routine instruction, give students opportunities of selection, judgment, thinking and application, and provide them more chances to develop those functions. Finally, assessment has always focused on children s growth, their growth process, their environmental adjustment, and their lives in the given environment. This has something in common with the evaluation method that encourages students to use their function and knowledge to solve real problems they face in the real world and considers task truly important.
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조쟁규,이의철,백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-
In this study, the purpose and the aim of physical education, the curriculum and the teaching-learning methods, which are represented in Comenius' 「Orbis Sensualis Pictus」, are researched with the view of the philosophy, and the conclusions as follow are gotten. First, the Comenius' ideas of health and physical education are providing the ideological grounds of the education for the whole. In Comenius' view of the body denying asceticism and a dualism of body and spirit which despises the body, and more, he regards human beings can't be separated into 2 pieces and can exist with the beings' combination. That is, the whole personality whose body and spirit are inseparable and harmonious. And in his view of nutrition and health, he emphasizes getting enough sleep(rest), excercise, nutrition, etc. to keep a sound body and mind in sync.. This should be accompanied by physical activities such as plays, games, sports. The need of considerate, whole some thinking to purpose piety and harmonious human relationships are also stressed. The purpose of these is to get pleasures and to keep the body need exercises or activities and training, which should be provided in our common life naturally or artificially. Futhermore, he emphasizes the harmony of activity and rest through playing or sports for the one way to recover the body's and spirit's fatigue. In physical education, the courses of obtaining knowledge is accomplished not by one part of the human body, but the unity of body and mind. This idea suggests the vital role for the establishment of scientific character in physical education. Especially, in terms that learners are the subject of the course of knowledge-obtaining and also the source of the knowledge, learners can be the subject or owner of recognition, and they share the common knowledge. Because of this, it can be shown that the physical education is the foundation for the education in which learners are the core of it. Second, the meaning which the unity of body and spirit has can be suggested as the alternative to the organic paradigm. In Comenius' view of body, the problems, which the dualism of body spirit has caused, can be examined as the starting point to understand human beings and the mechanical, divisional, quantitative, and restorative limitations, which the present paradigms have, can be overcome. These ideas are the basis of ethics and epistemology, and presents the important meanings in physical education. Finally, studying the meaning which his ideas gives to the physical education in school, we can notice that we should put our emphasis on raising the whole human beings by getting the moral knowledge and the ability for the judgement of value to have a desirable life style and on acquiring the ability of judgement and the will for practicing as one's words are keeping with his/her deeds. The purpose and the aim of physical education in school should be focused on these things above. It is suggested as the contents of physical education for the good health, such as plays and recreations, games, running, playing with a ball, bowling, shooting, skating, racquetball, fencing, shooting, fishing and so on. And as the subject matter of physical education, sports and moral education, he suggests temperance, justice, liberality, diligence, humanity, patience, prudence, and so on. In teaching-learning method, teachers should invoke students' motivation and also make them understand the contents of subjects throughly. Especially when they are learning by physical activities, the application of textbook and teaching aids is the imperative teaching method to raise the studying effect up. It shows that the need of education through visual aids which can be a help in the physical education class. And in Comenius' view of education which is focused on students, he emphasizes teachers' active participation which leads students' activity, and students' voluntary participation. And he also stresses that teachers should decide the contents of teaching with considering the students' developing ability as well as their desire.
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