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조시현 ( Si Hyun Cho ),오자랑 ( Ja Rang Oh ),윤덕경 ( Duk Kyoung Yoon ),채용현 ( Yong Hyun Chae ),이미범 ( Mi Bum Lee ),이경은 ( Kyung Eun Lee ),이혜선 ( Hye Sun Lee ),전영은 ( Young Eun Chun ),황주연 ( Ju Youn Hwang ),김재훈 ( Ja 대한주산의학회 2008 大韓周産醫學會雜誌 Vol.19 No.1
목적: 최근 연도별 태아 빛 신생아의 질적 관리를 평가하고자 주산기 통계를 제공하고, 출생체중, 임신주수, 임신부 연령, 영아의 성, 산전 진찰 횟수와 사망원인별 주산기 사망을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 1998년부터 2003년까지 본원에서 출생한 단태아 4910예의 전자의무기록을 검토하였다. 주산기는 WHO정의에 따랐고 임상적 사망원인은 Aberdeen 분류를 기준으로 하였다. 결과: 조(교정) 주산기 사망률은 22.8 (13.4)였다. 임신 중단이나 중중기형아를 제외한 4.862예의 출생아 중 (1) 태아사망이 주산기 사망의 78% (51/65)였다. (2) 신생아(4,811예) 출생체중 1,000 g 미만, 1,000~1,499 g, 1,500~2,499 g의 빈도는 각각 0.3%. 0.7%. 5.6%로 생존율은 각각 73.7%, 86.1%, 99.6%였다. (3) 36주 이하의 조산아 사망은 총 신생아 사망의 약 86%(12/14)를 차지하였다. (4) 35세 이상의 고령 임신부(494예)의 주산기 사망률이 20.2로 다른 연령군의 경우보다 높았으나, 의미 있는 차이는 없었다(p=0.273). (5) 남아(2,616예)와 여아(2,245예)의 주산기 사망 시 성비는 173:100으로 남아의 주산기 사망이 의미 있게 높았다(p=0.03l). (6) 산전진찰 2번 미만의 출생아(204예)의 주산기 사망률이 152.0으로 2회 이상의 경우 7.3 보다 의미 있게 높았다(p<0.00l). 조 주산기 사망 112예의 원인을 보면 기형 31.3% 원인 모르는 미숙아 28.6%, 모성질환 10.7% 순이었다. 결론: 출생아 수가 매년 감소하나, 연도별 주산기 사망의 개선된 변화가 없어 특히 조산, 기형, 모성질환에 대한 주산기 관리가 더욱 요구된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) and to evaluate the risk factors of perinatal deaths such as birth weight, gestational age maternal age, fetal sex, number of antenatal visits, and cause of deaths. Methods: Review of electronic medical records of 4,910 cases of singleton deliveries from 1998 to 2003 at Yongdong Severance Hospital was done. The perinatal period was defined according to the WHO definition and the cause of mortality was determined according to Aberdeen Classification. Results: Crude (corrected) PMR was 22.8 (13.4). Among 4862 deliveries excluding termination of pregnancy and severe congenital anomalies, (1) stillbirths accounted for 78% (51/65) of perinatal deaths. (2) Distribution of neonatal birth weights less than 1,000 g, 1,000~1,499 g, 1,500 g~2,499 g were 0.3%, 0.7%, 5.6% with survival rates of 73.7%, 86.1%, and 99.6% respectively. (3) Deaths of preterm births accounted for 86% (12/14) of total neonatal deaths. (4) PMR of 494 cases of advanced maternal age was higher (20.2) than those of other age groups without statistical significance (p=0.273). (5) PMR of male-to-female ratio was 173:100 with statistical significance (p=0.031). (6) PMR of infants with less than 2 antenatal visits was 152.0, in comparison with the rate (7.3) of infants with more than 2 antenatal visits (P<0.001). Among 112 cases of crude perinatal deaths, the leading causes were congenital anomalies (31.3%), prematurity cause unknown (28.6%), and maternal disease (10.7%). Conclusions: The number of births is decreasing, but no significant decrease of PMR was observed. Therefore, intensive care of preterm infants and congenital anomalous babies should be improved.
인천 지역 남자 노인들의 주요 혈관질환들의 유병률과 그 특성에 관한 연구
김장용(Jang Yong Kim),전용선(Yong Sun Jeon),조순구(Soon Gu Cho),공은미(Eunmi Kong),정지은(Ji-eun Jung),박신구(Shin Goo Park),조재성(Jae-Sung Cho),김경래(Kyung Rae Kim),신석환(Seok-Hwan Shin),안승익(Seung-Ik Ahn),조영업(Young Up Cho) 대한외과학회 2010 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.78 No.5
Purpose: As Korea is an aging society (WHO classification) and projected to be an aged society in 10 years, peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) in the elderly population has emerged as an important social and medical issue. But their prevalence was rarely reported in Korea. The purpose of this study is to define the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis (CAS), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) of lower limb in the Incheon area. Methods: Elderly men (≥65 years) were referred randomly from the Incheon Federation of Korean Senior Citizens’ Association (from Nov 2008 to Sep 2009) to Inha Univeristy Hospital, Incheon, Korea for a PVD screening program. The subjects were screened for CAS and AAA by duplex. CAS was defined as ≥50% internal CAS and AAA as ≥3 ㎝ aortic diameter in minor axis. PAOD of lower limb was screened by measurement of ankle brachial index (ABI); ABI of ≤0.9 was considered abnormal. Results: 1150 subjects were screened including 103 octogenarians (9.0%). Mean age was 72.3±0.2 years. Combined conditions were hypertension (54.3%), diabetes mellitus (25.2%), coronary artery disease (15.6%), dyslipidemia (18.9%), obesity (31.1%) and smoking history (71.7%). CAS was detected in 7.7% (89/1,150) subjects. Thirty-three (2.9%) were diagnosed with AAA. PAOD was detected in 50 subjects (4.4%). Conclusion: Prevalence of PVD in Korea is not lower compared to that of western countries, especially the USA and the UK. A nationwide program for timely detection and treatment for PVD should be developed.
음폐수 이용 혐기성 소화의 내부 pH 조절에 따른 바이오가스 전환율 비교 및 미생물 군집도 분석
윤여명(Yeo Myeong Yun),조시경(Si Kyung Cho),정다영(Da Young Jeong),이은진(Eun Jin Lee),허관용(Kwan Yong Huh),신동혁(Dong Hyuk Shin),이창규(Chang Kyu Lee),신항식(Hang Sik Shin) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.8
본 연구에서는 음폐수를 이용 낮은 유기물 부하율에서 소화조 내부 pH 조절 유무에 따른 소화조 운전의 바이오가스 발생량 및 미생물 군집도 변화에 대한 비교 분석했다. 그 결과, 내부 pH를 조절하지 않은 반응조는 pH, Free ammonia, Volatile fatty acid의 증가에 의한 반응조 안정성이 떨어짐에도 불구하고 내부 pH 조절 반응조와 비슷한 바이오가스 전환율을 보였다. 이는 미생물 군집도 분석 결과에 따르면 외부환경에 대한 내성이 강한 Methanosarcina sp.의 우점에 의해 반응조의 안정성을 유지할 수 있었던 것으로 나타났다. In this study, the performance and microbial community of anaerobic digestion fed by food waste leachate at low organic loading rate were investigated with and without internal pH control. Experimental results show that similar biogas yield was achieved in both reactors regardless of increase in pH, the concentrations of free ammonia and volatile fatty acids in case of without internal pH controlled one. The results of a methanogenic community analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis revealed that the apparent preponderance of Methanosarcina sp. could be one of reasons for the maintenance of reactor stability.
조혜림 ( Cho Hyerim ),정영제 ( Jeong Youngje ),이호원 ( Lee Ho-won ),고광용 ( Ko Kwang-yong ),최은진 ( Choi Eun-jin ) 한국도로교통공단 2018 교통안전연구 Vol.37 No.-
본 연구에서는 트램과 일반차량의 통합신호운영을 위한 트램 우선신호 알고리즘의 개발과 시험선을 이용한 효과평가를 수행하였다. 도시부 간선도로에 중앙트램 전용궤도가 설치되는 상황을 고려하여 트램 우선신호로 조기 녹색시간(Early Green), 녹색시간 연장(Green Extension) 알고리즘을 수립하였다. 이와 함께 1.5km 규모의 트램 시험선에 4개 신호교차로를 구축하여 트램 우선신호의 운영 효과를 평가하였다. 트램 우선신호 운영에 따라 트램 지체는 미운영시 대비해 평균 76% 까지 개선된 결과를 나타내었으며, 일반차량 지체는 평균 9% 증가한 결과를 나타내었다. 하지만, 트램과 일반차량의 재차인원을 고려한 사람당 지체는 23% 감소하였으며, 우선신호 운영으로 트램과 일반차량의 개별 탑승자 관점에서의 지체는 개선될 수 있음을 확인하였다. In this study, a tram signal priority algorithm for the integrated operation of trams and general vehicles was developed, and the effectiveness of this algorithm was determined using a tram testrail. Active tram signal priority algorithms for the median tram rail of the urban arterial, early green, and green extension techniques were developed. We built a tram testrail with a length of 1.5 km and four virtual signal intersections. The case study showed that tram delay was improved by an average of 76%, and person delay, considering the number of tram and general vehicle occupants, was reduced by an average of 23%.
사행유로를 갖는 고분자연료전지내부에서 가스확산층을 통과하는 반응가스 우회유동에 대한 연구
조중원(Choong-Won Cho),안은진(Eun-Jin Ahn),이승보(Seungbo Lee),윤영기(Young-Gi Yoon),이원용(Won-Yong Lee) 대한기계학회 2009 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.33 No.4
A serpentine channel geometry often used in a fuel cell has a strong pressure gradient between adjacent channels in specific regions. The pressure gradient helps some amount of reactant gas penetrate through a gas diffusion layer(GDL). As a result, the overall serpentine flow structure is slightly different from the intention of a designer. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of serpentine flow structure on current density distribution. By using a commercial code, STAR-CD, a numerical simulation is performed to analyze the fuel cell with high aspect ratio of active area. To increase the accuracy of the numerical simulation, GDL permeabilities are measured with various compressive forces. Three-dimensional flow field and current density distribution are calculated. For the verification of the numerical simulation results, water condensation process in the cathode channel is observed through a transparent bipolar plate. The result of this study shows that the region of relatively low current density corresponds that of dropwise condensation in cathode channels.
조경주,김용은,Cho, Kyung-Ju,Kim, Yong-Eun 한국정보통신학회 2008 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.12 No.11
The problem of an efficient hardware implementation of multiple constant multiplication is frequently encountered in many digital signal processing applications such as FIR filter and linear transform (e.g., DCT and FFT). It is known that efficient solutions based on common subexpression elimination (CSE) algorithm can yield significant improvements with respect to the area and power consumption. In this paper, we present an efficient specialized adder design method for two common subexpressions ($10{\bar{1}}$, 101) in canonic signed digit (CSD) coefficients. By Synopsys simulations of a radix-24 FFT example, it is shown that the proposed method leads to about 21%, 11% and 12% reduction in the area, propagation delay time and power consumption compared with the conventional methods, respectively. FIR 필터, DCT, FFT와 같은 디지털 신호처리 응용에서 다중 고정 계수 곱셈의 효율적인 하드웨어 구현문제에 자주 접하게 된다. 고정계수 곱셈기 설계에서 공통 하위식 제거 알고리즘은 면적과 전력소모를 상당히 개선시킬 수 있는 방법을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 CSD 계수에서 빈번히 나타나는 두 공통 하위식($10{\bar{1}}$, 101)의 덧셈을 수행하는 전용덧셈기 설계 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 radix-24 FFT 구조의 고정계수 곱셈블록에 적용한 실험에서 제안한 방법의 면적, 지연시간, 전력소비는 기존방법 보다 각각 21%, 11%, 12% 정도 향상됨을 보인다.