The Effects of Carbon on Compound Layer and Diffusion Layer in Ion-Nitriding

曺圭植 空軍士官學校 1979 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

최근 주목을 받고 있는 이온질화법은 종래의 질화법과 비교하여 공해가 없고, 질화가 신속하며, 처리과정의 간단, 질화처리 원가의 감소, 합성층 및 확산층 조절의 용이, 부분 질화처리의 가능 긜고 질화 처리 후 기계적 성질이 향상된다는 점에서 많은 연구가 되어 있으나 질화 가스 내의 탄소량 및 금속 기지 내의 탄소량 영향과 질화처리물의 기계적 성질에 대하여는 연구가 되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 이온질화시의 처리온도, 압력 그리고 피처리물 및 가스중의 탄소량의 영향과 저온질화에서 금속 기지내 탄소량 및 가스중의 탄소량에 관하여 연구했다. 질화시 온도가 상승함에 따라 질소의 확산 계수가 크게 되어 합성층 및 확산층 두께가 증가된다. 그러나 온도가 너무 높으면 질화물의 조대화가 일어나 경도가 감소하고 변형이 크게 된다. 질화시간이 짧을 경우 주어진 경도의 하중에 견딜 수 있는 충분한 합성층 깊이가 생성되지 못하여 고온에서 경도 최대치가 나타나고 질화시간이 길면 주어진 경도 하중에 견딜 수 있는 충분한 합성층이 생성되므로 합성층의 입차크기가 작은 영역인 저온에서 경도의 최대치가 나타난다. 질화온도를 동일하게 유지하기 위하여서는 가스 압력이 낮을 때가 가스압력이 높을 때보다 더 높은 전압을 공급하여야 하므로 이온의 수 및 이온이 갖는 에너지가 크게 되어 가스 압력이 낮을 때 합성층 두께가 증가된다. 가스압력이 너무 낮으면 이온이 갖는 에너지는 크나 이온 수가 적어 오히려 합성층 두께가 감소된다. 금속 내부의 탄소의 증가는 Fe_3C → Fe_3C Fe_4N → Fe_3C Fe_3N → Fe_2_-3N(ε) 반응에 의하여 형성되는 합성층 두께를 증가시키나 탄소의 존재가 질소의 확산을 방해하므로 합성층 두께는 감소한다. 이온질화가스 중에 탄소를 첨가하면 합성층이 생성되는 금속표면은 탄소량이 많게 되어 전술한 합성층 생성과정에 의하여 합성층이 증가한다. 합성층(Fe_2_-3N) 생성으로 질소의 함유량이 많게 된 금속표면에 비하여 확산층이 생성되는 금속 내부는 질소량이 적으므로 질소의 환산작용에 의하여 확산층을 증가시킬 수 있다. 합성층 두께는 가스 중의 탄소량이 0.5atom%까지 증가한다.

조합활동과 사용자 권리에 관한 연구

조규식 원광대학교 대학원 2007 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

In Korea, most of union activities occur during the office hours, using the company's facilities because labor unions are mainly formed on the company union basis. As a result, there have been lots of conflicts between the right on the union activity, and the right on the enterprise employment such as work-direction authority and facilities-administration authority. The question is how we can adjust right when there exist mutually conflicting interests between employees and employers. The right on the union activity has a legal basis of the workers-right of association, collective bargaining, and collective action in order to improve working conditions as well as to enhance socioeconomic status. It is these three right that are the basic constitutional right which empower labors to negotiate working conditions with employer as equals with respecting labors' life and dignity, and which allow labors to make a substantial joint labor-management system. Furthermore, the workers-right of association, collective bargaining, and collective action are the rights that have forces that directly effect on the government and employers. These three rights are closely related to each other, and play a primary role independently rather than one of them is secondary. The employers have 'work-direction authority' which empowers them to command and supervise employees as well as empowers them to make and maintain the office regulations. The legal basis of this empowerment does not from the entities' characteristics for establishing order, but from the labor contracts between employers and employees. In addition, employers have 'facilities-administration authority' based on the property right which enables employers to determine how to use and keep their facilities, and enables them to abate from the employees who infringe management rights. This management right, however, could neither be transcendental nor absolute right because this right is generated from the formation of employees-employer relationship. This management right could not be exercised to the employees as a legal rights, even though management right is based on the comprehensive and functional concept of management. The law to form substantial joint labor-management system, and take effect on the relationship with employers, on the other hand, the right on the enterprise employment is neither transcendental nor absolute rights. Therefore, to reasonably ensure the benefit of union activity by workers and the benefits of enterprise, these benefits on two sides should be comparably measured. It seems that the rights on the union activity and the rights on the enterprise employment conflict each other. thus, this confliction could be solved through the right adjustment.

1.2MW급 산업용 가스터빈 원심압축기 개발(1)- 공력설계해석 -

조규식,이헌석,손정락,Jo, Gyu-Sik,Lee, Heon-Seok,Son, Jeong-Rak 대한기계학회 1996 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.20 No.8

The aerodynamic design of the two-stages of centrifugal compressors in an 1.2MW industrial gas turbine is completed with the application of numerical analyses. The final shape of an intake, the axial guide vanes and a return channel is determined using several interactions between design and two-dimensional turbulent flow analysis, focused on the minimum loss of internal flows. The one-dimensional turbulent flow analysis, focused on the minimum loss of internal flows. The one-dimensional design and prediction of aerodynamic performances for the compressors are performed by two different methods; one is a method with conventional loss models, and the other a method with the two-zone model. The combination methods of the Betzier curves generate three-dimensional geometric shapes of impeller blades which are to be checked with a careful change of aerodynamic blade loadings. The impeller design is finally completed by the applications of three-dimensional compressible turbulent flow solvers, and the effect of minor change of design of the second-stage channel diffuser is also studied. All the aerodynamic design results are soon to the verified by component performance tests of prototype centrifugal compressors.

會計 監査의 必要性과 그에 對한 效果

曺圭植 단국대학교 상경대학 상학연구부 1965 商學論叢 Vol.4 No.-

신학생들의 인성 교육

조규식 대전가톨릭대학교 1997 복음과 문화 Vol.- No.1

충청지방 교회사의 연구와 그 전망

조규식 대전가톨릭대학교 1999 복음과 문화 Vol.- No.3

기업변동과 근로관계 - 영업양도를 중심으로 -

조규식 원광대학교 법학연구소 2006 圓光法學 Vol.22 No.2

기업변동과 근로관계 : 영업양도를 중심으로

조규식 圓光大學校 法學硏究所 2006 法學硏究 Vol.22 No.2

Business transfer is performed for efficiency raising and a competitive edge reinforcement recently in a society. Until now as examined on relationship for business transfer and employment, a company can strengthen competitive edge through business transfer, but as for the rank of workers, it can be unstable. That is, business is the question that employment conditions ensured in the existing company can be preserved after the problem that succession of employment is possible and succession of employment if hands over. If it is admitted succession of employment without any restriction, it is given a burden to a company, and the capital for social a few problem called unemployment to be happened if does not admit is. However, succession of employment along business transfer and a law rule about employment conditions do not exist in existing labor-related laws. Therefore, various theories are put on a display of, and a precedent is the situation that cannot offer a basis to be clear too. Therefore, it is thinks that preparation of a law rule holds a need.

자석을 이용한 유압직동형 릴리이프 밸브에 관한 연구

조규식,이정오,Lee, Chung-Oh 대한기계학회 1977 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.1 No.2

Major problems in the design and use of refief valve are (a) chattering because of instability, (b) excessive pressure differential which makes the valves crack far below maximum pressure diminishing useful flow in the system. In this study, A magnet-coupled relief valve is investigated theoretically and experimentally in order to improve the performance of a conventional direct type reliefvalve. A theory is developed to predict the performance, response, and stability of the magnet-coupled valve taking into account the delivery line response. In the experiment, a typical magnet-coupled relief valve is designed on the basis of the analytical results; the discharge rates are measured varying the supply pressure, and both the pressure-time curves and valve displacament-time curves are recorded providing the supply pressures greater than the setting pressure. The measured override characteristic curves are then compared with those of conventional pilot type and direct type releif valves. It is showm that the excessive pressure differential of a magnet-coupled relief valve becomes less than that of a conventional direct type valve. It is also shown that the most important chatacteristic of a magnet-coupled relief valve is to eliminate valve chattering due to instability regardless of the magnitude of setting pressures and discharge rates, which suggests wide applications of the idea of the use of a magnet in the design of hydraulic valves.

장갑전투차량의 기동성과 디이젤기관

조규식,Jo, Gyu-Sik 한국방위산업진흥회 1983 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.50