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논문(論文) : 17-19세기 서양 선교사 문법서들의 시제 체계 연구
조경환 ( Kyung Hwan Cho ) 중국어문연구회 2016 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.73
Tense and aspect in Chinese is one of the most important issues in Chinese Linguistics as well as in general linguistics because there have been a variety of opinions concerning it. This article focuses on how western missionaries of modern times deal with tense and aspect in Chinese. Western missionaries brought great achievements in many areas of Chinese Grammar such as part of speech system, Ba-constructions, passive voice etc. There are two different streams in this area. One is that there are five tenses in Chinese which is based on Latin Grammar and Varo′s six tense system. The other is that there are three tenses in Chinese which is based on Martini′s four tense system. Although most of Chinese grammar books in 19th centuries got out of the influence of Latin grammar, but as to tense and aspect in Chinese they were not entirely broken from the framework of Latin grammar. This shows that western missionaries in modern times also had trouble analyzing Chinese tense and aspect system.
논문(論文) : 피자구(被字句)의 주관화와 관화와 탈-주관화에 관화에 관한 소고
조경환 ( Kyung Hwan Cho ) 중국어문연구회 2014 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.61
Bei construction is the most famous and popular passive construction in Chi nese. ese. But It has its own features that the other constructions do not have. First, Bei construction went through ‘de-subjectification’ and then ‘subjectication’. This is the most striking phenomena in this construction which we founded. Second, As a result of subjectification, null-subject Bei construction appeared. For that, just a few studies have been progressed. Therefore based on existing research we ind uced a new perspective on this construction. From Fromthese, these, we also know Bei construct ion also had subejctification, although it was a kind of a transitional phenomenon.
曺京煥(Cho, Kyung-hwan) 중국어문학연구회 2015 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.91
Passive construction is the common construction across languages. The purpose of this article is how western missionaries treated these constructions several hundred years ago. In the 17th and 18th centuries Martino Martini and Francisco Varo simply mentioned Bei construction and Wei construction. In the 19th centuries, Josheph Henry Premare, Robert Morrison, William Lobscheid explained other passive constructions. But among the western missionaries Karl Friedrich Gutzlaff’s analysis on Chinese Passive Constructions is remarkable. Furthermore he noticed Gei passive Construction for the first time. Joseph Edkins analyzed Jiao construction in the same way. In brief Western missionaries relatively early notice on Chinese Passive Constructions and their analysis reflect language situation in modern times.
曺京煥(Cho, Kyung-hwan) 중국어문학연구회 2013 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.80
Animacy is the most important factor in changing voices of the constructions. During the process of changing voices, for example, from disposal to causative and from shiyi to passive, subject was deleted and producted pragmatical effects because of the change of animacy of the construction. But in the one Causative voice, from shiyi to causative, above the phenomena was not producted.
조경환(Cho Kyung-hwan) 중국문화연구학회 2014 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.25
It is often said that Mashiwentong is the first Chinese grammar book. But It is not true because before this book there were many Chinese grammar books written by Western missionaries. This article introduced about the first Chinese grammar Grammatica Sinica by Martino Martini and the second Chinese grammar book Arte de la Lengua Mandarina by Francisco Varo in 17th and 18th centuries. After comparing two books in various aspects, we found that the grammatical system of Arte de la Lengua Mandarina is much more complicated than that of Grammatica Sinica. However it doesn’t mean grammatical analysis of Grammatica Sinica is not go good, because analysis about Chinese aspect is almost same as modern Chinese grammar. Besides, Arte de la Lengua Mandarina has unique parts, such as religious examples, various particles, three modes of speaking Chinese, Courteous words in conversation, modes of interrogation, etc. Especially on the today’s viewpoint Varo too much emphasized Courteous words and politeness because this topic is not grammatical problem and it should not involve grammar book. Even though these books have some mistakes and were deeply influenced by Latin-Greek Grammar, but these books have an important significance in that they blaze way for other western missionaries to study Chinese.