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이병덕,정훈제,백의현,홍성훈,유병돈,한정환,이재천 한국자원공학회 2010 한국자원공학회지 Vol.47 No.5
t is generally well known that PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is a complex mixture of various metals mixed with various types of plastics and ceramics. Accordingly, it is very important to extract metallic components from used PCB’s from the point of view of recycling of the used resources as well as an environmental protection. In this study, high temperature pyrometallurgical process was investigated to extract valuable metallic components from the used PCB’s. For this purpose, used PCB’s were shredded and oxidized to remove plastic materials, and then, a high frequency induction furnace was used to melt and separate metallic components in molten state from the remaining oxides. A slag was chosen as a basic slag composition which is determined based on the quantitative analysis of PCB scrap. And, in order to understand the size effect on the extraction of metallic components, oxidized PCB’s were further milled, and then, melted. The aim of the present work is to find out proper low temperature and low viscosity slag systems, and at the same time provide a base with accurate addition of flux agent during processing the PCB scrap. It was investigated that the revolution of furnace effects on the recovery of valuable metals and was found that it is very effective for the separation of metallic components. 일반적으로 인쇄회로기판(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)는 다양한 종류의 플라스틱에 세라믹과 금속 성분이 복합적으로 함유되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 환경적인 보호뿐만 아니라 자원의 재활용의 관점에서 PCB 스크랩으로부터 금속 성분을 분리해내는 것은 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 건식제련법을 이용하여 PCB 스크랩으로부터 유가금속 성분을 추출하는 공정을 실험하였다. 이러한 목적을 위해 PCB 스크랩을 분쇄하고 플라스틱 물질을 제거하기 위해 산화처리를 한 후, 유도로에 PCB를 용해하여 산화물과 금속성분을 분리하였다. 산화 처리한 PCB 스크랩의 정량분석을 토대로 기본 슬래그계를 선정하였다. 그리고, 산화 처리한 PCB의 금속 회수 시, PCB의 입자 크기에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위해 분쇄한 후 회수율을 측정하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 PCB 스크랩으로부터 플럭스 성분을 첨가하여 낮은 온도 및 점도를 갖는 슬래그 시스템에 대해서 조사하였다. 또한 용융작업을 위해 슈퍼칸탈회전로를 사용하였으며 이때 도가니 회전이 금속의 회수율에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하여, 그 결과 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.
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돌출길이 및 air gap size에 따른 가스분무 조업 시 가스거동 해석
권의혁 ( Eui Hyuk Kwon ),정훈제 ( Hun Je Jung ),장경수 ( Kyoung Soo Jang ),구용모 ( Yong Mo Koo ),한정환 ( Jeong Whan Han ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2014 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.52 No.4
The optimization of the gas atomization for particle size control and optimal energy efficiency cannot be achieved simply, due to the lack of understanding of the basic atomization process. A numerical analysis is performed in order to optimize the manufacturing process and to understand the behavior of the gas at the end of the nozzle. In this study, the gas flow is analyzed numerically using a computational fluid dynamics software package (Fluent). It is found that a protrusion length of 3 mm is optimal for nozzles with a quick gas velocity and stable aspiration pressure. In addition, the impact on the air gap size is also investigated.
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Technique of Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
허동화,홍영호,이동찬,정훈제,박춘근 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.sup.
Biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) may have advantages of minimally invasive fusion surgery as well as those of endoscopic surgery. The purpose of this study was to present the biportal endoscopic TLIF technique along with video presentations and a review of the literature on this technique. Basically, the biportal endoscopic TLIF technique is similar to minimally invasive TLIF with a tubular retractor. There were 2 options in the biportal endoscopic TLIF procedures. The first was the insertion of one long TLIF cage and the other was the insertion of 2 short posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) cages. After the interbody fusion procedures, percutaneous pedicles screw fixation was performed. Biportal endoscopic TLIF achieved complete neural decompression through laminectomy and facetectomy like conventional TLIF. Endplate preparation was performed completely under a clear and magnified endoscopic view. It was also feasible to insert a large TLIF cage or 2 cages for PLIF without exiting nerve root injury. Biportal endoscopic TLIF might have the advantages of endoscopic surgery as well as minimally invasive fusion surgery. Direct neural decompression, endplate preparation under endoscopic guidance, and the insertion of a large TLIF cage or 2 PLIF cages may be the merits of biportal endoscopic lumbar fusion procedures.
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저온분사 코팅공정에서 초음속 슬릿노즐 사용시 유동장 해석
박혜영 ( Hye Young Park ),박종인 ( Jong In Park ),정훈제 ( Hun Je Jung ),장경수 ( Kyoung Soo Jang ),백의현 ( Ui Hyun Baek ),한정환 ( Jeong Whan Han ),김형준 ( Hyung Jun Kim ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2011 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.49 No.3
The cold spray process is an emerging technology that utilizes high velocity metallic particles for surface coating. Metallic powder particles are injected into a converging-diverging de Laval nozzle and accelerated to a high velocity by a supersonic gas flow. The cold spray process normally uses a circular nozzle that has a rather narrow spraying range. To overcome this fault, a slit nozzle was considered in this study. The slit nozzle is anticipated to reduce the coating process time because it has a wider coating width than the circular nozzle. However, the slit nozzle can reduce the coating efficiency because it does not allow as much gas and particle velocity as the circular nozzle. To improve the coating efficiency of a slit nozzle, the shape of the slit nozzle was modified. And the results of gas flow and particle behaviour according to the nozzlers shape were compared by the a numerical analysis. As a results, as Expansion Ratio(ER) of 7.5 was found to be the most optimal condition for enhancing the spraying efficiency when the ER was changed by the variation of nozzle neck and exit size.
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