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Bilingual lexical processing in the Stroop task: Evidence from an fMRI study
정우림,이승복 이중언어학회 2010 이중언어학 Vol.44 No.-
정우림․이승복. 2010. 10. 30. 스트륨 과제로 본 이중언어 어휘처리: 기능적 자기공명 영상연구. Bilingual Research 44, 319-343. 본 연구는 한국어(L1)-영어(L2) 이중언어자가 색-단어 스트룹 과제를 하는 동안 활성화 되는뇌 영역을 분석하여, 두 언어에 따른 처리방식을 검토해보려는 목적으로수행되었다. 실험참가자들은 두 가지 언어의 조합으로 구성된 이중언어 스트룹 과제를 수행하였다. 결과, 단어-색의 불일치 조건에서는, 두 언어에서모두 전대상피질, 하두정소엽, 방추상회의 활성화가 관찰되었다. 특히 전대상피질은 자극과 단어가 L1으로 제시된 경우에 L2로 제시된 경우보다 더강하게 활성화 되었는데, 이는 L1으로 과제를 수행하는 것이 더 많은 인지적 통제과정이 요구된다는 것을 시사한다. 번역효과를 살펴본 결과, 자극단어는 L1, 반응단어는 L2인 경우 언어영역으로 알려진 하전두회의 활성화가 증가되었으며, 이는 L1이 L2에 비해 더 자동적으로 처리되며, 따라서단어읽기를 억제하는데 더 많은 인지적 요구가 필요함을 시사한다. 곧, L1은 자동처리, L2는 통제처리 기제를 사용한다는 Paradis (1994)의 주장이 확인되었다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 L1에서 L2로 번역이 그 반대의 경우보다더 약한 연결을 가지며, 따라서 인지적인 노력이 더 요구된다는 Kroll &Stewart (1994)의 위계적 모형을 지지한다. 본 연구는 기능적 자기공명영상방법을 이용하여 뇌 활성화 양상을 직접 검토하여 이중언어의 처리모형을검증하였다는 데 그 의의가 있다. (충북대학교)
정우림,정천기,김준식 대한의학회 2012 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.27 No.11
Few studies have included magnetoencephalography (MEG) when assessing the diagnostic value of presurgical modalities in a nonlesional epilepsy population. Here, we compare single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), video-EEG (VEEG), and MEG, with intracranial EEG (iEEG) to determine the value of individual modalities to surgical decisions. We analyzed 23 adult epilepsy patients with no abnormal MRI findings who had undergone surgical resection. Localization of individual presurgical tests was determined for hemispheric and lobar locations based on visual analysis. Each localization result was compared with the ictal onset zone (IOZ) defined by using iEEG. The highest to the lowest hemispheric concordance rates were MEG (83%) > ictal VEEG (78%) > PET (70%) > ictal SPECT (57%). The highest to lowest lobar concordance rates were ictal VEEG = MEG (65%) > PET (57%) > ictal SPECT (52%). Statistical analysis showed MEG to have a higher hemispheric concordance than that of ictal SPECT (P = 0.031). We analyzed the effects of MEG clustered-area resection on surgical outcome. Patients who had resection of MEG clusters showed a better surgical outcome than those without such resection (P = 0.038). It is suggested that MEG-based localization had the highest concordance with the iEEG-defined IOZ. Furthermore, MEG cluster resection has prognostic significance in predicting surgical outcome.
기능적 자기공명 영상으로 본 이중언어 의미체계: 후기 한국어-영어 이중언어자의 경우
정우림,이승복,김소영 이중언어학회 2009 이중언어학 Vol.41 No.-
The present study was aimed to compare the semantic systems accessed by the lexicon between L1 and L2 in Korean-English late bilinguals. The participants performed the word-picture matching task. The functional MR imaging technique was adapted to examine brain activation involved in the task performance. The task was to decide whether the pictures presented after the words represent the words' meaning or not. The basic level words in L1 and L2 were selected. The stimuli were consisted of common object belonged to two different semantic categories (naturals and artificials). In the L1, the naturals evoked activations mostly in the visual processing association areas. On the other hand, artificials recruited areas related to object manipulation. These results suggest that the semantic knowledge of L1 is represented systematically in the brain according to the categories (natural and artificial). In the case of the L2, however, similar pattern of activation was seen for both semantic categories, demonstrating that the L2 semantic system seems to be undifferentiated. In summary, the results of the current study showed the differences in the organization of semantic representations in the brain through the bilinguals' two languages. While L1 semantic knowledge might be more systematically organized, the one of L2 seems to be less well organized and working memory system has to be strongly involved to do the presented task, at least by late bilinguals who participated in the present study.