부자이중탕(附子理中湯)의 효능(效能)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

정명채,류봉하,박동원,류기원,Jung, Myung-Chai,Ryu, Bong-Ha,Park, Dong-Won,Ryu, Ki-Won 대한암한의학회 1998 大韓癌韓醫學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

In order to investigate the effect of Bujaleejungtang, by means of oral medication to rats and mice, to isolated intestine and stomach, and the effect to pyloric ulcer, indomethacin-induced ulcer, secretion of gastric juice, and to transport ability of intestine content were studied as the action to G-I tract. The effect to normal rats and resperpine-treated rats were studied as the action to thermo-regulation. The results were as follows: 1. Bujaleejungtang showed the inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle contraction induced by acethylcholine chloride and barium chloride in the isolated mice ileum. 2. Bujaleejungtang showed inhibitory effect on the contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride in the rat fundus-strip. 3. Inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on pyloric ulcer, indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats was statistical recognized(p<0.05). 4. No inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on gastric juice secretion in Shay rats was recognized. 5. Inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on gastric free acidity and total acidity in Shay rats was recognized only when Bujaleejungtang was medicated in high thickness(2000mg/kg) (p<0.001). 6. Inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on pepsin output in Shay rats was recognized only when Bujaleejungtang was medicated in high thickness(2000mg/kg)(p<0.001). 7. Inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on barium sulfate transport in the small intestine of mice was recognized only when Bujaleejungtang was medicated in high thickness(2000mg/kg)(p<0.05). 8. Inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on barium sulfate transport in the large intestine of mice was recognized(p<0.05). 9. Inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on rectal temperature in normal rats was recognized. 10. Inhibitory effect of Bujaleejungtang on rectal temperature in reserpine-treated rats was recognized only when Bujaleejungtang was medicated in high thickness(2000mg/kg)(p<0.05).

제강슬래그, 우분 및 석회석을 활용한 폐 석탄광의 산성광산배수 처리

정명채,Jung Myung-Chae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005 지하수토양환경 Vol.10 No.3

중금속과 황산이온의 농도가 높은 산성광산배수(AMD)를 배출하는 강원도 정선군에 위치한 삼척탄좌 정암광업소 유출수를 대상으로 제강 슬래그, 우분 및 석회석 등을 활용하여 처리실험을 수행하였다. Batch test와 적용성 시험 결과, 원수 1 L당 15 g의 제강 슬래그, 15 g의 우분 및 500 g의 석회석이 최적의 기질물질 양으로 조사되었다. 이를 기초로 제강 슬래그, 우분과 석회석으로 충진한 SAPS조, 침전조, 산화조 순서로 구성된 처리시스템을 구성하였다. 총 54일간 시행된 실험결과, 원수에 비해 pH의 상승(3.0에서 8.3)과 더불어 61%의 황산염이온 농도가 저감되었다 (1,042 mg/L에서 409 mg/L). 또한, 초기농도 대비 최종 방류수의 중금속 처리효율은 매우 높은 수준으로써 99.9% 이상의 Al, Fe, Zn과 92.6% Mn이 제거되었다. 즉, 제강 슬래그, 우분 및 석회석을 활용하면 산성광산수의 중화와 금속 침전효과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다. In order to remediate acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Jeongam coal mine, steel mill slag, cow manure and limestone were used. As a result of batch test, the proper amounts for treating 1 L of acid mine water from the mine were determined as 15 g of steel mill slag, 15 g of cow manure and 500 g of limestone. After feasibility test, remediation system was arranged in the order of steel mill slag tank combination of cow manure and limestone, precipitation tank and oxidation tank. During 54 days' operations, the pH values of the treated waters increased from 3.0 to 8.3 and 61 % of sulfate concentration in an initial water was decreased. In addition, the removal efficiencies for metals in the water were nearly 99.9% for Al, Fe, Zn and 92.6% for Mn. Thus, the combination of steel mill slag, cow manure and limestone can be used as neutralization 때d metal removal for acid mine drainage.

토양중의 중금속 연속추출방법과 사례연구

정명채,Jung, Myung Chae 대한자원환경지질학회 1994 자원환경지질 Vol.27 No.5

Many researchers have investigated most representative sequential extraction method using various reagents for determining the chemical forms of metals in soils and sediments. In this paper, a newly modified method for sequential extraction scheme based on Tessier's method by Environmental Geochemistry Research, Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College, was introduced and examined. In comparison with Tessier's method, originally designed for sediment analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), the sequential extraction scheme has been developed for the multi-element analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The partitioning of particulate trace elements was classified into five fractions: (i) exchangeable, (ii) bound to carbonates or specially adsorbed, (iii) bound to Fe and Mn oxides, (iv) bound to organic matter and sulphides and (v) residuals. The experimental results of the pilot study for in-house reference material (HRM2) and certified international standard reference material (SRM2711) using the modified method showed not only reasonable precision and accuracy but also acceptable overall recovery rates. In addition, mine dump soils sampled in the Dalsung Cu-W mine, Korea were prepared and sequentially extracted using the method. Most of Cu was bound to organic matter/sulphides and residual fractions. The dominant fraction of soil Pb and Zn in the study area was found in the residuals. The fraction of Cd showed a wide variation between samples and could be found bound to the carbonates or specially adsorbed, oxides, organic fraction and residuals. The recovery rates of Cd, however, were poor due to relatively low Cd concentrations in soils. The heavy metals in these mine dumps appear to be in the more inert forms and should not be readily bioavailable. The soils, however, had very low pH values (average 4.1) and had sandy textures; consequently, rapid infiltration of rainfall may increase leaching of Zn and Cd which were found to be around 5 to 10% of the exchangeable fraction. As a result of the investigation of this study, it has been strongly recommended that these mine waste materials should still be considered a significant contaminant source and will need environmental remediation to prevent pollutants from being released into the environment.

달성 Cu-W 광산 주변 수계의 하상퇴적물과 자연수의 Cd, Cu, Pb 및 Zn 오염

정명채,Jung, Myung Chae 대한자원환경지질학회 1996 자원환경지질 Vol.29 No.3

In order to investigate the extent and degree of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contamination affected by mining activities of the Dalsung Cu~W mine, sampling of stream sediments and waters has been undertaken up to 1.5 km downstream from the mine at 50~150 meter intervals. Analysis of the samples was carried out using ICP-AES for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Physical and chemical properties of sediments (pH, organic matter contents, cation exchange capacity) and waters (pH, Eh and temperature) were also measured. The properties of the sediment samples were characterized by low pH (3.0~5.5), low organic matter contents (2~5%) and a moderate degree of cation exchange capacity (7~15 meq/100 g) with a high proportion of sand fraction. The pH values of water samples ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 and the Eh levels were in the range of 350~530 mV. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the sediments averaged 3.2 mg/kg, 1,390 mg/kg, 451 mg/kg and 262 mg/kg with the range of 0.6~11.4 mg/kg, 15~3,800 mg/kg, 14~1,330 mg/kg and 63~1,060 mg/kg, respectively. Significant levels of the heavy metals were also found in the water samples with the range of $10{\sim}170{\mu}gCd/l$, $300{\sim}41,600{\mu}gCu/l$, $10{\sim}80{\mu}gPb/l$ and $700{\sim}15,400{\mu}gZn/l$. These elevated concentrations in the sediments and waters may be caused by the weathering of mine waste materials and their high solubilities under acidic and/or oxidizing conditions. Although metal concentrations in the samples decrease with the distance from the mine, heavy metal contamination of sediments and waters were also found at the 1.5 km downstream due to the mobile conditions of the heavy metals, with particular reference to Cd and Zn in stream waters.

국내 휴/폐광 금속광산 주변의 중금속 환경오염 평가

정명채(Myung Chae Jung),정문영(Moon Young Jung),최연왕(Yun Wang Choi) 대한자원환경지질학회 2004 자원환경지질 Vol.37 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 국내의 휴폐광 금속광산의 중금속 오염을 종합적으로 평가하는 것이다. 그 동안정부와 지방자치단체 및 개별 연구자에 의해 이루어진 휴폐광 금속광산의 중금속 오염도를 종합적으로 조사한 결과, 주요 오염물질은 광미를 포함한 광산폐기물이었다. 이들로부터 다양한 유독성 물질, 특히 As, Cd, Cu, Pb 및 Zn 등이 바람과 물에 의해 하부 수계로 이동되어 환경문제를 일으키고 있다. 그 결과 많은 광산들 주변에서 다량의 As 및 중금속이 검출되었으며, 일부는 토양환경보전법의 우려기준 및 대책기준을 초과하고 있다. 초과 항목 중에서는 비소의 초과 빈도가 가장 높았으며 그 다음으로 Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 등의 오염 빈도도 높은 편이었다. 국가에서 지속적인 광해방지사업을 시행함에도 불구하고 아직도 많은 광산에서 오염물질이 배출되고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 다양한 추출법을 적용하여 오염물질의 추출량을 조사한 결과, 광미 및 토양은 지구화학적 특성을 잘 반영하고 있다. 종합적으로 볼 때, 정부주도로 휴폐광산의 관리를 위한 전담기구의 설치가 필요하다 The objective of this study is to review of environmental assessment of heavy metals derived from various metalliferous mines in Korea. As a results of national wide research for heavy metal contaminations in the vicinity of metalleferous mines, the main contaminants are mine waste materials including tailings. From the materials, toxic elements including As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn can be dispersed into downstream through wind and water. Thus, soils around the mines contain elevated levels of those elements, which are over the guide values for environmental regulation of soils in Korea. Arsenic is one of the most important elements contaminated by mining activities, to a less extent, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. In spite of remediation works for some metal mines by the government, there are still lots of abandoned mines which are necessary for reclamation of mining sites. This study also includes that metal concentrations in soils and tailings can be varied upon various decomposition methods including 0.1N HCl and aqua regia and sequential extraction scheme, with differences in each element, too. This may be due to geochemical characteristics of the elements, such as solubility, mobility and chemical forms in the geochemical environment. Finally, it is suggested that a certain organization should be runned by Korean government for management of abandoned mines.

우리 나라 백미의 As, Cd, Cu, Pb 및 Zn의 자연함유량과 일일 섭취량 조사

정명채(Myeong Chae Jung) 대한자원환경지질학회 2003 자원환경지질 Vol.36 No.5

이 연구의 목적은 2000년도에 국내에서 생산된 백미에 함유된 As,Cd,Cu,Pb 및 Zn 의 자연함유량과 백미의 섭 취에 의한 이들 미량원소들의 인체섭취량을 추정하는 것이다. 논농사의 빈도가 낮은 제주도를 제외한 8 개도에 총 63 개의 시료를 채취하였다. 채취된 시료는 건조, 미분쇄 및 산처리 이후, ICP-AES 를 활용하여 화학분석을 하였다 . 화학분석 결과, 백미에 함유된 As,Cd,Cu,Pb 및 Zn 에 대한 건조중량 기준의 평균함량은 각각 0.126,0.040,1.96, 0.361 및 16.6 mg/kg 으로 조사되었다. 이들 함량은 전세계에서 조사된 백미 내의 미량원소 자연함유량의 평균함량과 유사한 범위이다. 우리 국민의 1일 평균 쌀소비량을 256g 으로 가정하면, 조사된 쌀의 섭취에 의한 As,Cd,Cu,Pb 및 Zn의 1일섭취량은 각각 32.3, 10.2, 502, 92.4 및 4,250 μg/day 으로 계산되었다. 이 값들은 세계보건기구의 미량원소 1일섭취 최대허용량 기준 이내이지만, 쌀의 소비는 우리 국민에게 가장 중요한 미량원소 섭취 경로중의 하나이다. The objective of this study is to investigate background levels of As and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) and their dietary intakes from white rice produced at various provinces in Korea during 2000. Except Jeju-do, sixty-three rice grain samples were taken at 8 provinces and analyzed for the elements using ICP-AES after acid diges-tion. The average contents of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the samples were 0.126, 0.040, 1.96, 0.361 and 16.6 mg/kg(DW), respectively. These levels are within the ranges of worldwide average concentrations in rice grains reported by various research. Assuming the rice consumption of 256 g/day by overall households in Korea, the amount of daily intake of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by the rice were estimated to be 32.3, 10.2, 502, 92.4 and 4,250 μg/day, respectively. Those amount of daily intakes of the elements by the rice are within the WHO s guide for trace elements, however, rice consumption is one of the most important sources of dietary intake of As and some heavy metals in Korean population.

LED 조명의 색온도와 색상렌즈가 색채지각에 미치는 영향

정명채 ( Myeong Chae Jung ),최은정 ( Eun Jung Choi ) 한국안광학회 2017 한국안광학회지 Vol.22 No.4

목적: LED 조명의 색온도와 색상렌즈가 색채지각에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 방법: 3,000 K와 6,500 K LED 조명, 그리고 4종의 색상렌즈를 사용하여 실험환경을 연출하고, 색각이상이 없는 30명(평균연령 24.70±1.86세)을 대상으로 FM 100 색상검사를 수행한 후, FM 100 색상검사의 TES와 ES 도표를 분석하였다. 결과: 색상렌즈의 착용 여부와 관계없이 FM 100 색상검사의 TES의 평균들은 3,000 K 또는 6,500 K 각각의 조명 아래에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 3,000 K 및 6,500 K에서의 TES의 평균을 비교하면 3,000 K에서의 TES의 평균이 6,500K에서의 TES의 평균보다 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편, ES 도표에 따르면 일부의 색상영역에서는 6,500 K에서의 ES가 3,000 K에서의 ES보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 색온도 3,000 K 혹은 6,500 K LED 각각의 조명아래에서는 투과율 50% ~ 60% 정도의 Brown, Green, Red, Gray 색상렌즈가 색채지각에 영향을 미치지 않기 때문에 처방이나 착용에 큰 문제가 없지만, 3,000 K와 6,500 K LED 조명 사이에서의 색온도의 변화는 색채지각에 영향을 주기 때문에 주의를 기울일 것을 제언한다. FM 100 색상검사에서 ES 도표는 TES의 평균만으로는 밝혀낼 수 없는 각 색상에서의 색상판별에 대한 오류를 구체화할 수 있는 지표로 활용하기에 적절하다. Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the effects of the CCT of LED lightings and the color lenses on the color perception. Methods: A total of 30 participants with the normal color vision (mean age 24.70±1.86 years) were tested the FM 100 hue test under LED lightings of 3,000 K or 6,500 K while wearing four different color glasses. The abilities of color perception were analyzed with the averages of TES(total error score) and ES charts(error score charts) from FM 100 hue test(Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test). Results: Regardless of whether color lenses are weared or not, the averages of TES of the FM 100 hue test under LED lighting of either 3,000 K or 6,500 K showed no significant difference statistically. However in comparison to the averages under LED lightings between 3,000 K and 6,500 K, the averages of TES under LED lighting of 6,500 K were found to be significantly larger than those under LED lighting of 3,000 K. According to the ES chart, the values of ES under LED lighting of 6,500 K were larger than those under lightings of 3,000 K in some color segments. Conclusions: Under LED lighting of either 3,000 K or 6,500 K, because the color lenses of brown, green, red and gray with transmittance of about 50% to 60% did not affect the color perception, it is thought that there is no major problem with prescription and wearing. However it is recommended to pay attention to prescription and wearing since the change of CCT of LED lightings between 3,000 K and 6,500 K affect the color perception. In the case of the FM 100 hue test, the ES chart may be suitable for use as an indicator to clarify the errors of color discrimination in each color that can not be detected by the average of TES.

Successive Alkalinity Producing System(SAPS)을 이용한 폐 석탄광의 산성광산배수 처리

정명채(Myung Chae Jung) 大韓環境工學會 2004 대한환경공학회지 Vol.26 No.11

광양 폐 금-은 광산 지역 광산폐수의 중금속 오염과 중금속의 제거에 있어 소택지와 지류 혼합의 역할 평가

정헌복 ( Hun Bok Jung ),윤성택 ( Seong Taek Yun ),김순오 ( Soon Oh Kim ),소칠섭 ( Chil Sup So ),정명채 ( Myung Chae Jung ) 대한지질공학회 2003 지질공학 Vol.13 No.1

광양 폐 금-은 광산지역의 소규모 하천(초남리천과 사곡리천)에 흐르는 산성광산폐수의 수질 특성을 환경지구화학적 방법을 이용하여 조사하고 비교 연구하였다. 중금속(카드뮴, 구리, 납, 아연) 오염은 초남리천에서 훨씬 심한 것으로 나타난 반면, 용존 알루미늄과 철 함량은 오히려 사곡리천에서 높았는데, 두 하천간의 이러한 차이는 광산폐수의 기원물질, 즉 광석광물의 함량과 특성이 서로 다르기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 두 하천에서 흐르는 산성광산폐수의 자연정화 기작에 대해 고찰하여 보았다. 주로 단일하천으로 이루어진 초남리천의 경우, 석회석을 사용하여 광산폐수를 정화시키는 소규모의 소택지가 조성되어 있어 소택지 내에서의 pH 증가에 따른 중금속의 흡착과 공침에 의해 중금속이 제거되고 있다. 초남리천에서 채취한 적황색 침전물에 대하여 XRD, SEM-EDS, EPMA 분석 및 화학적 분해법을 이용한 분석 결과, 적황색 침전물은 대부분 침철석으로 구성되어 있으며 알루미늄, 망간, 구리, 아연 등이 부화되어 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 이들 금속들은 주로 적황색 침전물의 생성에 수반된 흡착이나 공침과 같은 지구화학적 반응에 의해 제거되는 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 소택지의 중금속 제거능은 계절적으로 변화하는 하천의 유량에 의해 영향을 받고 있다. 반면, 사곡리천의 경우에는 오염되지 않은 여러 지류와의 혼합에 수반된 pH 증가에 따라 철수산화물이 침전하면서 중금속의 제거가 일어나고 있다. 오염 하천과 비오염 지류와의 합류 지점에서 발생하는 중금속 제거의 기작은 ``특성-특성도(property-property plot)``를 활용한 해석에 의해서도 뒷받침된다. Physicochemical properties of acid mine water of the Chonam-ri Creek and the Sagok-ri Creek in the Kwangyang Au-Ag mine area were determined using geochemical approaches. Metal contamination (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) is more serious in the Chonam-ri Creek than in the Sagok-ri Creek. However, the contents of Al and Fe is higher in the Sagok-ri Creek. Such differences between the two creeks probably reflect the abundance and composition of ore minerals. The attenuation processes for acid mine water in both creeks were investigated. In the Chonam-ri Creek, a small retention pond which contains limestone plays an important role in the removal of heavy metals by adsorption or coprecipitation due to increase of pH. The capacity of metal scavenging in this pond depends on the seasonal variation of inflow volume. Reddish yellow precipitates sampled in the Chonam-ri Creek were analyzed by XRD, SEM-EDS, EPMA, and chemical decomposition. The precipitates mainly consist of goethite and are also enriched in Al, Mn, Cu and Zn. This indicates that precipitation of goethite is important for scavenging those trace elements, possibly due to adsorption or coprecipitation. In the Sagok-ri Creek, on the other hand, hydrologic mixing of uncontaminated tributaries results in removal of heavy metals with iron hydroxides precipitation due to the pH increase. The mechanisms proposed for metal attenuation at the confluence between contaminated mine water and uncontaminated tributary water are also explained by the property-property plots.

상동광산 광미를 활용한 자기충전 콘크리트의 품질 특성에 관한 연구

최연왕(Choi, Yun Wang),정문영(Jung, Moon Young),정명채(Jung, Myung Chae),김용직(Kim, Yong Gic),구기정(Koo, Gi jung) 한국콘크리트학회 2003 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.11