50kW 풍력블레이드 설계에 관한 연구

김상만(Sang-Man Kim),문채주(Chae-Joo Moon),정권성(Gweon-Sung Jung) 한국전자통신학회 2021 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.3

50kW 또는 그 이하의 정격용량을 갖는 풍력터빈은 일반적으로 소형풍력으로 간주한다. 소형풍력터빈은 독립형 전력시스템과 가전제품, 독립적인 적용 및 에너지저장장치, 태양광, 소수력, 디젤엔진과 같은 다른 에너지 기술을 조합하여 동시에 사용할 수 있는 매력적인 대체품이다. 연구목적은 터빈블레이드 제작법과 구조가 가능한 상업용 개발과정과 유사성을 갖도록 50kW급 풍력터빈 블레이드를 개발하기 위한 것이다. 목함에 기반하여 제작된 몰드기법은 탄소섬유와 열경화성 수지인 유리섬유를 사용한 경량설계, 다중부목, 오목성을 유지하기 위하여 채택한다. 수 작업형 시제품 제조법은 공기역학적인 평판형의 반복적인 설계를 통해서 단주기를 갖는 고밀도 형상 몰드를 사용하여 개발한 것이다. 5개의 블레이드 생산공정을 통하여 제작하고, 블레이드의 주요구성요소는 IEC-61400-23 규정에 따라 설계의 적절성을 검증하기 위하여 시험하며. 또한, 개발된 블레이드를 갖는 풍력시스템은 성능특성을 검증하기 위하여 IEC 61400-12 규정에 따라 시험한다. 블레이드와 터빈시스템의 시험결과는 상업운전에서 요구되는 유효한 설계조건을 확인하였다. The wind turbines with a rated capacity of 50kW or less are generally considered as small class. Small wind turbines are an attractive alternative for off-grid power system and electric home appliances, both as stand-alone application and in combination with other energy technologies such as energy storage system, photovoltaic, small hydro or diesel engines. The research objective is to develop the 50kW scale wind turbine blades in ways that resemble as closely as possible with the construction and methods of utility scale turbine blade manufacturing. The mold process based on wooden form is employed to create a hollow, multi-piece, lightweight design using carbon fiber and fiberglass with an epoxy based resin. A hand layup prototyping method is developed using high density foam molds that allows short cycle time between design iterations of aerodynamic platforms. A production process of five blades is manufactured and key components of the blade are tested by IEC 61400-23 to verify the appropriateness of the design. Also, wind system with developed blades is tested by IEC 61400-12 to verify the performance characteristics. The results of blade and turbine system test showed the available design conditions for commercial operation.

황사와 연무시 초미세먼지 특성

배일상(Il-sang Bae),유승성(Seung-Sung Yoo),윤중섭(Joong-sup Yun),어수미(Soo-mi Eo),정권(Gweon Jung),이재영(Jai-young Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2014 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.5

기계환기 보조를 받는 환자의 진정을 위한 Midazolam 과 Propofol 의 비교

곽상현,정권,정성수,유경연,정창영 대한정맥마취학회 1999 정맥마취 Vol.3 No.4

서론: 집중치료를 받는 환자의 격앙과 불안 등의 진정에 안전하고 적절한 정맥 내 진정제를 검토 하고자 기계환기 보조를 받는 중환자에서 propofol과 midazolam을 지속 정주 시 적절한 용량, 부작용 및 이의 발생빈도, 혈역학적 변화, 진정정도 및 회복 시 특성 등을 비교 관찰하여 이들의 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 방법: 마취 후 집중치료실에 입실하여 기계환기 보조를 받는 환자 44명을 대상으로 모든 환자에서 morphine 0.5 ㎎/㎏/24 hr을 8시간 간격으로 분할 투여하고 midazolam군(midazolam 1-2 ㎎정주 후 0.2 ㎎/㎏0.8 ㎍/㎏/min 지속주입)과 propofol군(propofol 20-40 ㎎ 정주 후 10-50 ㎍/㎏/min 지속주입)으로 나누어 혈압, 심박수, 경피 산소포화도, 기계호흡의 변후(흡기산소분율, 분당 환기수, 호흡수, 환기량) 및 진정점수, 약물투여 중단 후부터 발관까지와 완전 회복가지의 시간을 조사하였다. 또한 간과 신장기능 평가를 위한 SGPT, SGOT, albumin, bilirubin, BUN, creatinine 등의 측정과 함께 간호사의 전반적인 환자진정평가(nurse's overall rating of the sedation)와 자극에 대한 환자의 반응(patient response to stimulus)과 회복 후 환자의 반응(patient's response)을 조사하였다. 결과: 수술 후 기계환기보조가 필요한 중환자의 진정목적으로 morphine과 같이 사용시 적절한 용량은 propofol의 경우 부하용량은 평균 0.35 ± 0.02 ㎎/㎏, 지속 정주량은 1.5 ± 0.2 ㎎/㎏/hr이었고 midazolam의 경우 부하용량은 29.2 ± 1.8 ㎍/㎏, 지속 정주량은 29.1 ± 1.2 ㎍/㎏/hr 이었다. 또한 두 약제 모두에서 혈역학적 안정성 및 간 기능 및 신 기능에 해로운 영향을 미치지 않고 효과적인 진정 상태를 유지하였다. 그러나 각성시간 면에서는 propofol이 약물지속주입의 중단 시부터 완전 각성 시까지 시간이 평균 40.4 ± 20.1분으로 midazolam의 88.2 ± 29.5분에 비해 유의하게 빨랐다(P<0.05). 결론: Midazolam과 propofol의 지속정주는 모두 격앙상태의 기계환기보조가 필요한 중환자의 진정을 위해 안전하고 유용하게 사용될 수 있으나 propofol의 지속정주가 midazolam에 비해 각성시간을 단축시킬 수 있기 때문에 기계환기의 보조제로서의 사용이 증가될 것으로 보인다. Background: Mechanical ventilation is freqquently used in the intensive card unit. Sedation is usually required to tolerate the presence of a tracheal tube and other unpleasant stimulus during mechanical ventilation. The ideal regimen for sedation has not yet been determined. This study was designed to compare the characteristics of safety and effectiveness of propofol to those of midazolam for sedation in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in surgical intensive care unit. Methods: 44 mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to receive either propofol (loading dose 20-40 ㎎, followed by 10-50 ㎍/㎏/min) or midazolam (loading dose 1-2 ㎎, followed by 0.2-0.8 ㎍/㎏/min). Infusion fates were titrated to 3-5 points of Ramsay scale. All patients also received morphine 0.5 ㎍/㎏/24 h without any muscle relaxants. hemo- dynamic changes (SBP, DBP, hR), ventilatory parameters and recovery time were evaluated. hepatic and renal functions were measured before start of infusion and after discontinuation of both drugs. Results: The mean initial loading and maintenance dose were 0.35 ㎎/㎏ and 1.5 ㎎/㎏/hr for the propofol, 29.2 ㎍/㎏ and 29.1 ㎍/㎏/h for midazolam group, respectively. There was no difference between the two groups regarding the sedation score evaluated by Ramsay scale. Patients receiving proprfol recovered more rapidly than those receiving midazolam (40.5 ± 20.1 min vs. 88.2 ± 29.5 min respectively; P<0.05). No one in either group showed marked hemodynamic ( > 30% of pre-injection value) or hepatic or renal function changes. Conclusions: Propofol is a sedative agent with the same safety and clinical effectiveness and shorter awakening than midazolam in the continuous sedation of postoperative mechanically ventilated patients.

기계환기 보조를 받는 환자의 진정을 위한 Midazolam 과 Propofol 의 비교

김태엽,곽상현,정성수,유경연,정창영,정권 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.36 No.6

Background : Mechanical ventilation is frequently used in the intensive care unit. Sedation is usually required to tolerate the presence of a tracheal tube and other unpleasant stimulus during mechanical ventilation. The ideal regimen for sedation has not yet been determined. This study was designed to compare the characteristics of safety and effectiveness of propofol to those of midazolam for sedation in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in surgical intensive care unit. Methods : 44 mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to receive either propofol (loading dose 20∼40 mg, followed by 10∼50μg/kg/min) or midazolam (loading dose 1∼2 mg, followed by 0.2∼0.8μg/kg/min). Infusion rates were titrated to 3∼5 points of Ramsay scale. All patients also received morphine 0.5 μg/kg/24 h without any muscle relaxants. Hemo-dynamic changes (SBP, DBP, HR), ventilatory parameters and recovery time were evaluated. Hepatic and renal functions were measured before start of infusion and after discontinuaboth drugs. Results : The mean initial loading and maintenance dose were 0.35 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg/hr for the propofol, 29.2μg/kg and 29.1μg/kg/h for midazolam group, respectively. There was no difference between the two groups regarding the sedation score evaluated by Ramsay scale. Patients receiving propofol recovered more rapidly than those receiving midazolam (40.5±20.1 min vs. 88.2±29.5 min respectively; P<.05). No one in either group showed marked hemodynamic(> 30% of pre-injection value) or hepatic or renal function changes. Conclusions: Propofol is a sedative agent with shorter awakening time than midazolam but with the same safety and clinical effectiveness for the continuous sedation of mechanically ventilated patients. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 36: 929∼937)

쥐를 이용한 포르말린 실험하에서 척수강내 항콜린에스테라제의 항침해효과

곽상현,정성수,정창영,윤명하,정성욱,정권 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.5

Background: Spinal anticholinesterase has been shown to have an antinociceptive action to acute noxious stimuli. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrathecal anticholinesterase on the facilitated state developed after tissue injury evoked by formalin injection. Methods: Rats were implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters. For nociceptive test, 50 l of 5% formalin solution was injected into the hindpaw. The effect of pretreatment with intrathecal neostigmine, physostigmine and edrophonium, administered 10 min before formalin injection, was observed for 60 min. For the evaluation of the effect of posttreatment with intrathecal anticholinesterase, administered 9 min after formalin injection, the respcrwe was observed for 50 min. Results: Formalin injection into the paw resulted in a biphasic incidence of flinching of the injected paw. Intrathecal pretreatment with neostigmine, physostigmine and edrophonium produced a dose- dependent suppression of the flinching during phase 1and phase 2 on the formalin test. Posttreatment with three intrathecal anticholinesterases reduced the phase 2 flinching response. Conclusions: Both pretreatment and posttreatment with intrathecal anticholinesterase produced an antinociception on the formalin test. These results point out the usefulness of anticholinesterase to acute nociception and facilitated state. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 887~893)