UMG(Upgraded Metallurgical Grade) 규소 이용한 다결정 잉곳의 불순물 편석 예측

정광필,김영관,Jeong, Kwang-Pil,Kim, Young-Kwan 한국결정성장학회 2008 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.18 No.5

Production of the silicon feedstock for the semiconductor industry cannot meet the requirement for the solar cell industry because the production volume is too small and production cost is too high. This situation stimulates the solar cell industry to try the lower grade silicon feedstock like UMG (Upgraded Metallurgical Grade) silicon of 5$\sim$6 N in purity. However, this material contains around 1 ppma of dopant atoms like boron or phosphorous. Calculation of the composition profile of these impurities using segregation coefficient during crystal growth makes us expect the change of the type from p to n : boron rich area in the early solidified part and phosphorous rich area in the later solidified part of the silicon ingot. It was expected that the change of the growth speed during the silicon crystal growth is effective in controlling the amount of the metal impurities but not effective in reducing the amount of dopants. 반도체용 규소 원료는 11 N급의 고순도이나 가격이 고가이고 또한 생산이 제한되어서 폭발적인 태양전지의 수요를 따르지 못하고 있어 저급(5$\sim$6 N)의 UMG(Upgraded Metallurgical Grade)를 사용하자 하는 노력이 진행 중이다. 이 5$\sim$6 N급에서는 dopant 원소인 붕소(B)외 인(P)의 농도가 1 ppm 이상 존재한다. 이들 원료를 사용하여서 결정 성장을 하였을 경우에 존재하는 여러 불순물들의 편석계수(segregation coefficient)를 활용하여 화학적, 전기적 성질을 예상 하여본 결과 결정성장 초기에는 붕소(B)의 농도가 인(P) 보다 높아 p영역이 발생하고 후반부에는 인의 농도가 붕소 보다 높아 n 형 기판이 생성됨을 보았다. 또한 응고속도를 조절하여 여러 불순물을 제거하고자 히는 노력은 편식계수가 적은 금속 일소들의 제거에는 효과적이나 편석계수가 큰 붕소와 인의 제거에는 효과가 크지 않음을 예상 할 수 있다.

자궁근종 적출술에 있어서 미세절개개복술 ( Minilaparotomy ) 과 골반경수술과의 비교 고찰

정광필(Kwang Pil Jeong),오성택(Sung Tack Oh),박훈(Hoon Park) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.3

Objective: This study investigates the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic myomectomy by comparing with minilaparotomic myomectomy in terms of the operation time, hemorrhage, pain, complications and pregnancy rates after opration. Method: Total 56 patients who underwent myomectomy in Chonnam National University Hospital from January 1996 to December 2000 were included.26 subjects underwent minilaparotomy and 30 subjects laparoscopic myomectomy respectively. The number, size and place of uterine myoma, the operation time required, hemoglobin reduction, and operation indication were compared. The frequency of analgesics application, the period without analgesics injection, complications, and pregnancy rates after operation were investigated. Results: 1.The amount of hemorrhage and hemoglobin markedly decreased in laparoscopic myomectomy in comparison with minilaparotomy (P<0.01). 2.Analgesics were much less frequently used in laparoscopic myomectomy than minilaparotomy (P<0.01). Also Analgesics were injected for a significantly shorter period after laparoscopic myomectomy (P<0.01). 3.There was no significant difference in operation time, hospital period and complications rates between two groups. 4.Total 24 patients conceived after myomectomy.12 of them belonged to minilaparotomy patients group and 13 patients to laparoscopic myomectomy group.10 patients of the former and 11 of the latter were delivered of a baby through elective cesarean section and there was no significant difference. One to each group tried vaginal delivery, and there was no complication such as uterine rupture. Conclusion: Laparoscopic myomectomy is a safe and effective to treat uterine myoma and better than minilaparotomy in terms of post operative pain and hemoglobin.

조기분만 시 양막파열 유무에 따른 제대정맥혈장내 interleukin-6와 tumor necrosis factor-α 및 항산화능의 변화

정광필 ( Kwang Pil Jeong ),김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),김철홍 ( Cheol Hong Kim ),조문경 ( Moon Kyoung Cho ),김기민 ( Ki Min Kim ),김종운 ( Jong Woon Kim ),안봉환 ( Bong Whan Ahn ),양성렬 ( Sung Yeul Yang ),주은현 ( Eun Hyun Joo ),송태 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.2

Objective: To compare interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antioxidant vitamin levels in the umbilical venous plasma of preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) and preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) with that of full term normal pregnancy (NP) and to evaluate their roles of pathophysiology in preterm labor and PPROM. Methods: Umbilical venous blood samples were collected from women with PTL (n=30), PPROM (n=30) and NP (n=30). IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipid peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The ORAC was mesured by Cao`s method. Antioxidant vitamin levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in the umbilical venous plasma of PPROM were significantly higher than that of PTL and NP (3.28±0.31 vs. 2.84±0.19 vs. 2.79±0.22 pg/ml, p<0.05), (2.30±0.27 vs. 1.64±0.23 vs. 1.40±0.25 pg/ml, p<0.01). Lipid peroxide levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PPROM were significantly higher than that of NP and PTL (2.78±0.27 vs. 2.54±0.32 vs. 2.24±0.24 nmol/mg protein, p<0.01). ORAC levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PTL and PPROM were significantly lower than that of NP (967425.4±98.99 vs. 965165.8±91.20 vs. 1011328.5±85.96 U/ml, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in the umbilical venous plasma of PPROM were significantly lower than that of NP and PTL (125.6±2.33 vs. 158.3±3.08 vs. 221.7±2.82 nmol/ml, p<0.01). Conclusion: Increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and imbalance of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant activity in umbilical venous blood may be involved in the pathophysiology of PPROM.

진공시스템 성능에 대한 설계인자 영향 전산모사

김형택,정광필,Kim, Hyung-Taek,Jeong, Kwang-Pil 한국진공학회 2007 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.16 No.6

진공시스템 최적화 설계를 위한 시스템 성능에 대한 설계인자 영향이 전산모사로 연구되었다. 본 연구로 상업화 전산모사기인 $VacSim^{Multi}$에 의한 진공시스템 모델링기구가 제시되었으며 진공시스템의 진공생성기구인 펌핑계 설계인자의 영향을 평가하여 향후 여러 설계인자들의 전산모사 연구 가능성이 확인되었다. $VacSim^{Multi}$의 저진공펌프 모델 전산모사 결과와 펌프사양에 의한 배기거동이 오차범위로 일치하였으며 부스터펌프의 사용이 중진공영역 응용에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 자체 배기능력이 없는 유확산펌프와 터보분자펌프 배기계의 최적화보조펌프 조합이 제시되었으며, 유확산 및 터보분자펌프 배기계의 시스템 공정응용특성도 확인되었다. Effect of design factors on the performance of vacuum system was simulated for optimum design of system. In this investigation, the feasibility of modelling mechanism for $VacSim^{Multi}$ simulator was proposed. Simulation results of pumping design factor showed the possibilities of simulation fore-study for the detailed design factors. Simulation of roughing pump presented the expected pumping behaviors based on the specifications of commercial pump. Application of booster pump exhibited the high pumping efficiency for middle vacuum range. Combinations of optimum backing pump for diffusion and turbo vacuum system were obtained. And, the characteristics of process application of both systems were also acquired.

자간전증에서 제대정맥혈장내 interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, 및 항산화제 농도

김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),송태복 ( Tae Bok Song ),박소정 ( So Jeong Park ),박지노 ( Ji No Park ),정광필 ( Kwang Pil Jeong ),김종운 ( Jong Woon Kim ),김석모 ( Seok Mo Kim ),김철홍 ( Cheol Hong Kim ),조문경 ( Moon Kyoung Cho ),김기민 ( 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.7

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), lipid peroxide levels, oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and antioxidant levels in umbilical venous blood plasma and to evaluate the roles of them in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Study design: Samples of umbilical venous plasma were obtained from 20 normal and 20 preeclamptic women between 33 and 40 weeks gestation. IL-6 and TNF-α was assayed by an enzyme -linked immunoassay. Lipid peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The ORAC values were measured by Cao`s method. Ascorbic acid, retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was no significant differences of IL-6 levels in umbilical venous plasma between women with normal and preeclampsia (2.79±0.21 vs. 2.94±0.17 ng/ml). TNF-α levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with preeclampsia (3.04±0.01 vs. 1.40±0.01 ng/ml, p<0.01). Lipid peroxide levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with normal pregnancy (7.32±0.09 vs. 5.18±0.14, p<0.01). The ORAC values in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (12,836.5±249.4 vs. 10,490.2±276.9 U/ml, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in umbilical venous plasma of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than those of women with normal pregnancy (320.2±48.5 vs. 538.5±68.2 nmol/ml, p<0.05). Conclusion: The above results in umbilical venous plasma suggest that the imbalance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in placenta is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Increased TNF-a in the umbilical venous plasma showed inflammatory reaction in the placenta would be one of the cause of preclampsia. An antioxidant vitamin, ascorbic acid, may act an important antioxidant factor in preeclampsia

자궁강 내 병변의 진단에서 식염수 주입 초음파 자궁조영술과 자궁경 검사의 비교 연구

이소명 ( So Myung Lee ),장유진 ( Eu Gene Chang ),박수영 ( Soo Young Park ),정광필 ( Kwang Pil Jeong ),조문경 ( Moon Kyoung Cho ),오성택 ( Sung Tack Oh ) 대한산부인과학회 2008 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.51 No.4

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS), and hysteroscopy for detecting intracavitary abnormalities in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were selected from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chonnam University Hospital. The findings at SIS were compared with the hysteroscopic and histologic findings. The agreement of diagnosis between SIS and hysteroscopy was calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. Results: SIS had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 85% for a diagnosis of endometrial polyp. Hysteroscopy had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 96% for diagnosis of endometrial polyp. SIS had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 86% for a diagnosis of submucosal myoma. Hysteroscopy had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity 99% for a diagnosis of submucosal myoma. SIS had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 96% for a diagnosis of submucosal myoma. Hysteroscopy had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity 91% for a diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia. Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of SIS was significant to that of hysteroscopy in diagnosing intracavitary abnormalities, Moreover, SIS in a safe, convenient, cost effective, easily accessible and acceptable investigative modality.

자궁경부 숙화 및 분만유도시 미소프로스톨 두가지 투여용법의 비교

위승길(Seung Kil We),송태복(Tae Bok Song),김윤하(Yoon Ha Kim),변지수(Ji Soo Byun),박훈(Hoon Park),정광필(Kwang Pil Jeong),김용식(Yong Sik Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.3

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of two dose regimens of intravaginally administered misoprostol (PGE1)for cervical ripening and labor induction. Methods: One hundred patients with unfavorable cervix (including PROM)for labor induction were randomly assigned to group A and group B. Group A patients received 25㎍ of vaginal misoprostol every 4 hours with maximum of 6 doses and group B patients received 25㎍,50㎍,100㎍,100㎍ of misoprostol every 4 hours with maximum of 4 doses. Misoprostol was inserted to the posterior vaginal fornix. Successful induction was defined when Bishop score was increased to greater than 9 or regular uterine contractions were developed. The rates of successful induction, vaginal delivery, mean time from induction to delivery, drug side effects, and neonatal outcomes were compared. Results: The average interval from start of induction to vaginal delivery was shorter in group B (780.1±313.0 minutes)than group A (1108.9±485.9 minutes)(p<0.01).The rate of vaginal delivery was higher in group B (42/50,84.0%)than group A (35/50,70.0%)although statistically not significant. The incidences of tachysystole, abnormal fetal heart rate tracing, meconium passage, low 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit were not different between two groups. Conclusions: Induction with misoprostol using dose-increasing schedule showed shorter time from induction to delivery and higher rate of successful induction than using same dose schedule without increase of side effects and adverse neonatal outcomes.

고도상피내종양과 자궁경부암에서 고식적 세포진 검사와 ThinPrep 세포진 검사의 비교

이경철(Kyung Chul Lee),최호선(Ho Sun Choi),김혜정(Hye Jung Kim),김용식(Yong Sik Kim),정광필(Kwang Pil Jeong),박훈(Hoon Park),임소이(So Yi Rim),김석모(Seok Mo Kim),남종희(Jong Hee Nam),변지수(Ji Soo Byun),박창수(Chang Soo Park) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.5

N/A

자간전증에서 자궁정맥혈장 , 제대정맥혈장 및 말초정맥혈장내의 산화질소농도

박훈(Hoon Park),김윤하(Yoon Ha Kim),이종은(Jong Un Lee),최기오(Kee Oh Chay),김혜정(Hye Jung Kim),정광필(Kwang Pil Jeong),김석모(Seok Mo Kim),송태복(Tae Bok Song),변지수(Ji Soo Byun) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.2

Objective : The aim of this study was to measure circulating levels of nitric oxide metabolites (nitrites) in the uteroplacental, fetoplacental, and peripheral circulation in women with normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Methods : Two groups of pregnant women were included : 20 patients with preeclampsia and 18 normotensive women. At cesarean, blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein and uterine vein draining the placental site before delivery of the baby, and the umbilical vein after delivery of the baby. Plasma nitric oxide concentrations were determined with the Griess reaction by measuring combined oxidation products of nitric oxide, plasma nitrite and nitrate after reduction with nitrate reductase. Results : Significantly higher serum nitrite concentrations were found in umbilical (46.53±22.01 vs. 17.51±7.43 M/L, p<0.05), uterine (51.78±14.19 vs. 21.23±11.6 M/L, p<0.05) and antecubital (66.41±20.87 vs. 21.26±9.54 M/L, p<0.05) venous plasma in the preeclamptic group compared with the control group. Conclusion : We observe higher levels of nitirc oxide metabolites in the uteroplacental, fetoplacental, and peripheral circulation in women with preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that increased nitric oxide production may be a compensatory response to improve blood flow and offset the pathologic effects of preeclampsia.

정상과 자간전증 임부의 태반내 지질과산화치와 항산화능

김윤하(Yoon Ha Kim),송태복(Tae Bok Song),안봉환(Bong Whan Ahn),양성렬(Sung Yeul Yang),이소윤(So Yoon Lee),김석모(Seok Mo Kim),정광필(Kwang Pil Jeong),변지수(Ji Soo Byun),조문경(Moon Kyoung Jo) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.8

Objective : Our purpose was to investigate lipid peroxide levels, total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidative parameter (TRAP) values, and antioxidant vitamin levels in placental tissues of women with preeclampsia and to evaluate their roles in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Study Design : Samples of placental tissue homogenates were obtained from 23 normal and 18 preeclamptic women between 33 and 40 weeks gestation. TNF-α was assayed by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Lipid peroxide levels measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The TRAP values were measured by modified Wayners method. Ascorbic acid, uric acid, retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) CoulArray detector. Results : TNF-α levels in placental tissue homogenates of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with preeclampsia (21.4±3.39 vs. 10.3±1.06 pg/㎖, p<0.05). Lipid peroxide levels in placental tissue homogenates of women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that of women with preeclampsia (6.65±0.57 vs. 4.98±0.37 nmol/㎎ protein, p<0.05). TRAP values in placental tissue homogenates of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (0.24±0.02 vs. 0.31±0.03 mM, p<0.05). Ascorbic acid levels in placental tissue homogenates of women with preeclampsia were significantly lower than that of women with normal pregnancy (217.0±21.0 vs. 333.3±32.8 nmol/㎖, p<0.05). Conclusion : The above results suggest that increased oxidative stress in placenta is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and ascorbic acid may act as an important preventive factor in the development of preeclampsia.