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장영식(Young-Sik Chang),변용찬(Yong-Chan Byun),김유경(Yu-Kyung Kim) 한국인구학회 1998 한국인구학 Vol.21 No.1
장래의 가구변동은 인구의 규모와 구조에 영향을 미치는 출생ㆍ사망의 변동뿐만 아니라 가족에 대한 사회적인 가치관의 변화에서 오는 동거구조 등 가구 자체의 변동과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 기존의 국내외에서 적용되고 있는 여러 가지 가구추계방법을 검토한 후, 우리 나라에 가장 적합한 가구추계방법을 찾고 이를 적용해보는 데 있다. 추계방법의 선정에 있어서 주의해야 할 점은 우리 나라와 같이 급격한 사회변동을 겪을 경우 장래가구 추계시 사용되는 원자료가 심한 기복을 보이기 때문에 이를 감안하여야 한다는 점이다. 기존 추계방법의 검토 결과 우리 나라에 적합한 가구추계방법으로서 연령별로 이원화된 방법, 즉 가구주의 연령이 34세 이하에 대해서는 지수함수법을, 그리고 35세 이상에 대해서는 순천이율법이 가장 타당한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 장래 가구추계에 적용해보았다. 그 결과 우리 나라의 가구규모는 1995년 12.956천 가구에서 2030년에는 54%가 증가한 20,006천 가구가 될 것으로 전망되며, 평균가구원수는 1995년 3.3명에서 2030년에는 2.5명 수준으로 낮아질 것으로 전망된다. 우리 나라 장래 가구형태는 1인가구의 급격한 증가와 3세대 이상의 다세대가구는 감소하는 특징을 보이고 있다. Change in the future household members is closely related to the change in the size and structure of the population which, in turn, is affected by factors of fertility and mortality and the household itself due to changing social values on family. This study aims to estimate the number of households and to thereby analyze the characteristics of household, using a household projection method chosen by reviewing various methods for Korea. In selecting the method of estimating households, the irregularity of the source data should be carefully taken into consideration with a society like the Korean society which' is changing rapidly. The review on the projection methods suggests the breakdown of the ages into two groups, namely 34 years old or less and 35 years old or more, for projecting the households for Korea. Thus, the Exponential Method for the former age group and the Net Transitional Method for the latter arc adopted in this study. As a result, the number of households is expected to increase from 12,956 thousand in 1995 to 20,006 thousand in 2030 or by 54% during this period. The average number of members per household will decrease from 3.3 persons in 1995 to 2.5 persons in 2030. One of the main features of change in the household structure will be a rapid increase in the number of one person households and a decrease in the number of households with three generations or more.
논문 : 건식제련 ; 흑연 및 Fe-C 용탕에 의한 크롬광의 용융환원에서의 율속단계
장영식 ( Young Sik Chang ),김성만 ( Sung Man Kim ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1998 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.36 No.7
The smelting reduction behaviors of chrome ore by Fe-C melt and graphite in the molten slag of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, system in which a dissolution as a rate-controlling process was excluded have been studied to determine rate-controlling steps in the temperature range of 1475 to 1650℃. Samples were investigated using ICP-AES and EDS. The results were as follows: In the smelting reduction experiments by Fe-C melt, the apparent activation energy was found to be 104kJ/mol and independent of initial chromium content in the Fe-C melt. Also, mass transfer coefficient was constant regardless of the variation of slag volume. Therefore, it was concluded that the reaction rate was controlled by mass transfer of chromium oxide through the slag boundary layer. In the reduction experiments by graphite, the apparent activation energy was found to be 185kJ/mol. The reaction rate under these conditions was found to be mixed control of chemical reaction involved in breaking the C-C bonds in the carbon lattice and a mass transfer of chromium oxide in the slag phase. Dissolution of chrome ore was interrupted by protection of a crust of high-melting MgAl2O4 euhedral crystals which had precipitated from the molten slag when the content of (MgO+Al2O3) was higher than about 3lwt% at 1500℃, 38wt% at 1550℃, 45wt% at 1600℃ and 5lwt% at 1650℃, respectively.
오영진,허남수,장영식,Oh, Young Jin,Huh, Nam Su,Chang, Young Sik 한국압력기기공학회 2016 한국압력기기공학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.1
NSSS (Nuclear Steam Supply System) and BOP (Balance of Plant) design works for PGSFR (Prototype Gen-IV Sodium Fast Reactor) have been conducted in Korea. NSSS major components, e.g. reactor vessel, steam generator and secondary sodium main pipes, are designed according to the rule of ASME boiler and pressure vessel code division 5, in which DBA (Design by Analysis) methods are used in the stress assessments. However, there is little discussions about detail rules for BOP piping design. In this paper, the detail methodologies of BOP piping stress assessment are discussed including safety systems and non-safety system pipings. It is confirmed that KEPIC MGE(ASME B31.1) and ASME BPV code division 5 HCB-3600 can be used in stress assessments of non-safety pipes and class B pipes, respectively. However, class A pipe design according to ASME BPV code division 5 HBB-3200 has many difficulties applying to PGSFR BOP design. Finally, future development plan for class A pipe stress assessment method is proposed in this paper.
金泰憲(Tai-Hun Kim),張英植(Young-Sik Chang) 한국인구학회 1994 한국인구학 Vol.17 No.1
Since 1962, the population growth control has been one of the most important aims in the 5-Year Socioeconomic Development Plans of Korea. The annual population growth rate has dropped to less than 1 percent in 1990 from about 3 percents in 1960s, and projected to reach to 「0」 percent in 2021. From 2021, Korean population will decrease and the age structure will be distorted because birth rate will drop suddenly and continuously. Thus, we can consider 「0」 growth population for minimizing the problems on the decreasing population. To discuss the problems caused from the changes of population size and age-sex composition, we projected three kinds of population including two kinds of 「0」 growth population under different assumptions. The first is the population which extended the projection of National Statistical Office up to 2090. Because the TFR is assumed and fixed as low as 1.63 after 1990, the population growth rate will be under 「0」 in 2021 and drop by about 1 percent every year from around 2050. This population trend results to old age population : 38.1 of old-age dependency ratio and 46.5 years of median age. The second is the population which the size in 2021 projected by the NOS continues after 2021. To change over from the decreasing population after 2021 to the 「0」 growth one, the TFR should be increased up to over 3.0 in 2040-2050, which fertility level would be too high to be accepted. The third is the population which approaches to the 「0」 growth population under the assumptions that the TFR increases from 1.63 to 2.1 in the period of 2010-2030 and then the same level continues. Although the maximum population size reaches 51,503 thousand persons, the population will approach to the stationary population with about 42.4 million persons around 2090. In this projected population there is no more serious problems on population composition, on the rapid decrease of population, and on the increase TFR level. When the 「0」 growth population continues the problems of over population caused by the population increase would be minimized, and the problems of unusual age composition resulted from the population decrease would not be found any more. Furthermore, when the changes of population size and composition is continuing slowly, the factors of population would effect moderately to socioeconomic development and help social changes. Therefore, with the attention of the present population changes, we should adapt new and detailde population policy which is able to get the 「0」 growth population.
식물생장촉진(植物生長促進) 근권세균(根圈細菌)이 양액재배(養液栽培) 토마토의 생장(生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)
조자용 ( Cho Ja-yong ),장영식 ( Chang Young-sik ),정순추 ( Chung Soon-ju ) 한국유기농업학회 1998 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.7 No.1
This study was conducted to clarify the plant: growth promoting effects of the various rhizobacteria on the growth of hydroponically grown tomatoes in rockwool, perlite and cocopeat cultures. Strains in terms of Azospirillum sp.(4.5×10<sup>7</sup>cells/g), Rhodopseudomonas sp.(5.8×10<sup>5</sup>cells/g), Pseudomonas sp.(6.1×10<sup>6</sup>cells/g), fusant of Bacillus sp. and Corynebacterium glutamicum(9.1×10<sup>5</sup>cells/g) was bacterialized into the root zone of tomatoes before sowing. Overall growth of tomato plants was promoted by bacterialization of the various rhizobacteria. Strains which showed the highest plant growth promoting effects of hydroponically grown tomatoes was Azospirillum sp., and optimum cultural substrates for the plant growth promotion by rhizobacteria were in the order of cocopeat > perlite=rockwool cultures.
김선교(Sun-Kyo Kim),박준형(Joon-Hyung Park),장영식(Young-Sik Chang),윤용태(YongTae Yoon),김욱(Wook Kim),이상성(Sang-Seung Lee) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7
전력시장의 효율적인 운영을 위한 전력산업 구조개편은 전세계적으로 진행되고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 발전부문의 분할과 부분적인 경쟁의 도입되고 있다. 따라서 발전설비투자에 있어서 정부의 역할이 축소되고 점차 시장 기제 속에서 발전사업자 각각의 투자권한이 강해지고 있는 실정이다. 구조개편 이전에는 일반적으로 정부가 장기적인 전력 공급의 안정을 위해 전력공급계획을 수립하고, 독점회사인 한국전력공사가 이에 따른 발전설비투자를 시행하였다. 그러나 전력산업 구조개편 이후, 새로운 전력수급기본계획을 수립하였다. 이전과 가장 큰 차이는 발전사업자가 발전설비를 투자하는데 있어 자유롭게 사업계획을 세울 수 있게 되었다는 점이다. 본 논문에서는 발전분할 전후의 투자효율성을 비교하는 방법론을 제시하고, 그 프레임을 한국 전력시장에 적용시켜보았다.