산불피해를 줄일 수 있는 조림방안 - 내화수림대 조성 -

임주훈,Lim, Joo-Hoon 한국기술사회 2005 技術士 Vol.38 No.3

As a method of anti-fire construction in forest region it is proposed to build fuelbreak(vegetated firebreak). Fuelbreak can separate the large area conifer forest into smell parts combined with natural firebreaks. Fuelbreaks can prevent forest fire effectively and also have other functions benefiting the forest ecosystem and environment. 3 kinds of construction skills are introduced for the silviculture technique to build fuelbreaks. And it is proposed to build the firebreaks network in national scale.

산불피해지 참나무 맹아림 시업체계에 관한 연구

임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),지동훈 ( Dong Hun Ji ),이영근 ( Young Geun Lee ),이명보 ( Myung Bo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.6

구두발표 6 분과 ; 삼림기상 / 산불 : 동해안 지역의 산불기상

임주훈(Joo Hoon Lim),이병두(Byung Doo Lee),정주상(Joo Sang Chung) 한국농림기상학회 2001 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

고성 산불피해지에서 소나무 치수의 자연복원 패턴

임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김정환 ( Jeong Hwan Kim ),배상원 ( Sang Won Bae ) 한국농림기상학회 2012 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.14 No.4

This study was conducted to determine the natural succession process after forest fire by comparing height, relative growth rates in height (RGH), and tree density of pine seedlings with different fire severity. In the area damaged by surface fire, tree density was highest during the first 5 years after fire. However, in the area damaged by crown fire, tree density rapidly increased during first 5 years after fire. Pine seedlings were found only on the place with ridges, barren soil, and the aspect of north. Annual height growth of pine seedlings was decreased with time in all study sites. The empty space in pine stands gradually decreased by the invasion of Quercus species. The forest fire altered the pine forest into oak forest rapidly. In contrast, pine seedlings invaded steadily on the oak forest in the rocky area or the area with ridges.

가장자리와 산불피해강도가 산불피해지역 초기식생재생에 미치는 효과

이주미 ( Joo Mee Lee ),원명수 ( Myoung Soo Won ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),이상우 ( Sang Woo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

The edge area with burn severity is known as significant factor that has great effects on the ecosystem recovery. However, there is little study on the edge area and its effects in the South Korea, Thus, this study aimed to analyze immediate responses of vegetation following forest fires due to combined effect of burn severity and edge-interior effect. Burn Severity (BS), or ΔNBR values were computed using satellite images of pre and post-forest fire in Samcheock areas, The burn forest was classified 231 1-km2 girds and these grids were further reclassified into 4 groups by BS type (low BS and high BS areas) and forest areas (edge areas and interior areas). These four groups of grids including low BS-interior (group A), low BS-edge (group B), high BS-interior (group C) and high BS-edge (group D). Post-fire vegetation responses measured with ΔNDVI among four groups were then compared and tested by T-test. The results indicated that group C (ΔNDVI=0.047) and D (ΔNDVI = 0.059) showed considerably greater vegetation regeneration than those of low BS areas including group A (ΔNDVI = -0.039) and group B (ΔNDVI=-0.036). It was also observed that edges areas showed greater vegetation regeneration than interior areas when BS is the same. Group B (ΔNDVI = -0.036) showed greater ΔNDVI values than group A (ΔNDVI= -0.039) in low BS condition. Similar relationship is observed between group C and group D in high BS condition. Thus adequate restoration practices for burned areas might need to pay close attention to interior areas with low BS to minimize the secondary damages and to rehabilitate the burned forests.

울진 소나무림의 줄기호흡에 관한 연구

정세훈 ( Se Hoon Jung ),이정현 ( Jeong Hyun Lee ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김성덕 ( Seong Deog Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

경상북도 울진군 서면 왕피리의 소나무림에서 2012년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 2년간 소나무림의 줄기호흡경향을 측정하고 줄기호흡과 대기, 지표, 지표 .5cm, 지표 .10cm, 지표 .15cm, 지표 .20cm, 그리고 줄기호흡량과 온도 및 토양 수분함량과의 상관성을 확인하였다. 측정기간 중 월간 최대 및 최소 CO2 발생량은 2012년 7월 0.89 tC/ha, 2013년 1월 0.05 tC/ha로 나타났다. 측정 기간 동안 CO2발생량은 계절의 온도의 변화를 따라가는 경향을 나타냈으며 발생량과 각 온도인자 간의 상관관계는 대기(79%), 지표(75%), 지표 .5cm(80%), 지표 .10cm(78%), 지표 .15cm(76%), 지표 .20cm(60%)로 나타났으며 토양수분량과는 상관관계가 거의 나타나지 않았다 (0.08%). 또한 줄기호흡의 일변화과정에서 각 온도인자의 측정치에 비해 지연되는 시간을 측정한 결과 줄기호흡은 각 온도인자에 대해 3시간(대기) 혹은 2시간(지표, 지표 .5cm)의 지연시간을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. The stem respiration of pine tree stand and relationship between stem respiration and each environmental factors(temperature of air, soil surface, soil surface at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm, -20cm depth and soil water content)were measured during two years (from 2012, January to 2013, December) at Wangpi-ri, Seo-myeon, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. In measuring period, max./min. monthly CO2 efflux was 0.89 tC/ha(2012, July) and 0.05 tC/ha(2013, January) respectively. Meanwhile, CO2 efflux tended to follow variation of temperature by seasonal changing, and relationships between CO2 efflux and each temperatures were 79%(air), 75%(soil surface), 80%(soil surface at 5cm depth), 78%(soil surface at 10cm depth), 76%(soil surface at 15cm depth) and 60%(soil surface at 20cm depth), relationship between CO2 efflux and soil water content(0.08%) had little correlation. In daily scale, stem respiration has lagging time about each temperatures. As a result, stem respiration has 3h(temperature of air) or 2h(temperature of soil surface and soil surface at 5cm depth) lagging time.

울진 산화지에서의 연간 토양호흡 특성

정세훈 ( Se Hoon Jung ),김봉석 ( Bong Seok Kim ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김성덕 ( Seong Deog Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

울진 산불 피해지역에서 2011년 및 2012년 동안 AOCC(Automatic open/Closed chamber)법으로 총 16개의 챔버를 이용하여 토양호흡량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 토양호흡률의 일변화 양상은 온도 변화에 따라 증감을 반복하며, 온도인자에 따른 토양호흡률의 지연관계는 대기온도, 지표온도는 각각 2~3시간, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm에서는 지연관계는 나타나지 않았다. 계절변화양상은 봄철부터 증가하여 여름철에 정점을 이루고, 기온이 하강하는 가을철부터 토양호흡률이 감소하였다. 토양호흡률과 온도인자(대기온도, 토양지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm)의 상관관계는 각각 80%, 83%, 80%, 78%, 77%(p<0.001)로 지표온도와의 상관성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 지표-15cm에서 가장 낮은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 토양호흡속도의 온도 민감도를 나타내는 Q10값은 대기온도, 지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm 및 지표-15cm 각각 2.24, 2.28, 2.39, 2.4,2.47로 토심이 깊어질수록 Q10값은 점점 높게 분석되었다. 한편, 산불피해지에서의 토양호흡에 의한 연간 탄소 발생량은 2011년 및 2012년 각각 4.25, 4.8t C/ha/yr로 평균 4.5t C/ha/yr로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 산불피해이후 식피의 회복이 진행되고 있음을 보여주는 결과라 할 것이다. This research was conducted to measure the soil respiration using the method of AOCC(Automatic open/Closed Chamber) by 16 chambers, from January, 2011 to December, 2012 at a fire forest in Uljin. As a result, daily change trends of soil respiration rate shows repetition of increment and decrement as the temperature changing. Time lag of soil respiration rate by temperature factor is 2~3 hrs(air temperature) and 1~2 hrs(soil surface temperature) respectively. But this trends have not been observed at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm soil depth. As a seasonal changing trend, soil respiration rate increased from spring time and reached top level at summer time and started decreasing from fall season. Relations between soil respiration rate and temperature(air temperature, soil surface temperature, soil surface at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm was 80%, 83%, 78% 77%( P<0.001) respectively. The highest correlation of soil surface temperature and lowest correlation was soil surface at .15cm. The Q10 value which indicates temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rate have been showed 2.24, 2.28, 2.39, 2.4, 2.47 respectively from air temperature, soil surface temperature, soil surface at .5cm, -10cm, -15cm depth. So that, Q10 value was getting high as soil depth is getting deeper. Meanwhile, generated Carbon amount by soil respiration was 4.25, 4.8t C/ha/yr(average 4.5t C/ha/yr) at forest fire area from 2011 to 2012.

울진 소나무림에서의 연간 토양호흡 특성

정세훈 ( Se Hoon Jung ),이정현 ( Jeong Hyun Lee ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김성덕 ( Seong Deog Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

울진 소나무림에서 2011년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 AOCC법으로 총 16개의 챔버를 이용하여 토양호흡량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 일변화의 경우 온도변화에 따라 토양호흡률이 증감을 반복하며, 계절변화양상은 온도가 낮은 동절기에서 하절기로 갈수록 토양호흡률은 증가하고, 그 후 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 토양호흡에 영향을 미치는 온도와의 상관관계는 일변화의 경우 대기온도, 토양지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm, 지표-20cm에서 각 각 61%, 62%, 67%, 82%, 83%( p<0.001)로 분석되었다. 또한 계절변화의 경우, 66%, 69%, 73%, 82%, 82%( p<0.001)로 지표 .10cm, -15cm에서의 상관성이 가장 높게 분석되었다. 온도변화에 따른 토양호흡속도를 나타내는 Q10값은 대기온도, 지표온도, 지표-5cm, 지표-10cm, 지표-15cm에서 각 각 2.39, 2.59, 2.9, 3.88, 4.21로 토심이 깊어질수록 Q10값은 높게 분석되었다. 한편, 소나무림에서 토양호흡에 의해 방출된 연간 탄소발생량은 2011년, 2012년 및 2013년 각각 8.42, 9.51, 9.74t C/ha/yr로 분석되었다. The amount of soil respiration was measured using the method of AOCC(Automatic open/Closed Chamber) with 16 chambers, from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2013 at a pine( p.densiflora) forest in Uljin. As a result, the daily changing trends of soil respiration rate and temperature factors showed repetition of increase and decrease as the temperature changes. Furthermore the seasonal changing trends of soil respiration rate have been increased from spring to summer to reach the top level and decreased from fall to winter seasons. Relationships between the daily soil respiration rate and each temperature of air, soil surface, soil surface at 5, 10, 15depth were respectively 61%, 62%, 67%, 82%, 83%( p<0.001) and the seasonal soil respiration rate was respectively 66%, 69%, 73%, 82%, 82%( p<0.001). Highest correlation was soil surface at 10∼15cm depth temperature, lowest correlation was air temperature. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rate which means Q10 values, of air temperature, soil surface temperature, soil surface at 5cm, 10cm, 15cm depth were respectively 2.39, 2.59, 2.9, 3.88, 4.21 soil depth. And as the soil is deeper the more high value of Q10 showed. Meanwhile, soil respiration at fire forest in the yr. 2011, 2012 and 2013 was respectively 8.42, 9.51 and 9.74t C/ha/yr.

무복토 직파에 의한 석탄 폐광지의 생태적 복원 기술 개발

정용호 ( Yong Ho Jeong ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),이임균 ( Im Kyun Lee ),김혜수 ( Hye Soo Kim ) 한국환경보건기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2009 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.12 No.6

This study was carried to select the proper vegetation base materials which improve soil quality in abandoned coal mine areas. Also, we aimed at the feasibility of the direct seeding method without soil molding for the ecological restoration in those areas. We set total eight plots within the study site established on an abandoned coal mine area near Taebaek city, Gangwon province in April 2006. The plots were classified as two groups(straw mats mulching and no mulching), and the four treatments (C; control, MI; microbial innoculation, WC; wood chip, OF; organic fertilizer) were applied in each two groups for the soil conditioning. The survival of Pinus densiflora was highest among other species(Betula platyphylla var. japonlca, AmOlpha fruticosa and Arundinella hirta). For the non straw mat, the survival rate of Pinus densiflora seedlings was highest in the WC treatment(l,756trees/m2). For the straw mat, survival rate of Pinus densiflora seedlings was also highest in the WC treatment (l,622trees/m2). In addition, for the non straw mat, the height growth of Pinus densiflora seedling was highest in the OF treatment(l2.4±3.9cm). For the straw mat, the height growth of Pinus densiflora seedling was also highest in the OF treatment(l8.7±5.3cm). In general, organic fertilizer treatment with the straw mat was most effective for seedling growth. Also, we suggested that the direct seeding method without soil molding could be sufficiently possible for revegetating abandoned coal mine, Korea.

삼척 비화진 유역 산불피해지의 2003년도와 2014년도의 식생구조 비교

송주현 ( Ju Hyeon Song ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),권진오 ( Jino Kwon ),윤충원 ( Chung Weon Yun ) 한국임학회 2017 한국산림과학회지 Vol.106 No.2

이 연구는 2000년도 동해안 산불이 발생한 강원도 삼척 비화진 유역을 대상으로 2003년도와 2014년도의 식물사회학적 식생유형분류, 층위별 중요치, 종다양도, 군락유사도 분석을 통해 임분 구조 변화를 구명하기 위하여 32개소의 식생조사를 각각 실시하였다. 식생유형분류 결과, 7개의 식생단위에서 4개의 식생단위로 감소하였으며, 11개의 종군에서 7개의 종군으로 감소하였다. 중요치 분석 결과, 교목층에서 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica), 졸참나무(Q. serrata), 굴참나무(Q.variabilis)가 각각 6.8%, 5.2%, 2.9% 증가하였으며, 소나무(Pinus densiflora)가 각각 2.8%로 가장 많이 감소하였으며 밤나무(Castanea crenata), 이팝나무(Chionanthus retusa), 살구나무(Prunus armeniaca var. ansu), 복자기(Acer triflorum), 모감주나무(Koelreuteria paniculata) 등 대부분의 조림 수종들의 중요치가 감소되었다. 종다양도의 경우, 교목층에서 0.252에서 0.287로 증가하였고, 아교목층에서 0.252에서 0.434로 증가하였고, 관목층에서 1.293에서 1.333으로 증가하였지만 초본층에서는 1.745에서 1.646으로 감소하였다. 군락유사도의 경우, 각 층위별로 0.78, 0.65, 0.72, 0.55로 나타나 초본층의 변화가 가장 심하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 이 조사지와 유사한 산불피해지의 생태계 진단 및 관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to compare stand structure in Bihwajin basin Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Korea for ten years between 2003 and 2014, in which occurred the east coastal forest fire in 2000. Data were collected from 32 quadrates that followed by the analysis of vegetation classification according to plant sociology, importance value by Mclntosh and Curtise, species diversity and similarity index. In the result of vegetation classification, the vegetation unit decreased from 7 units to 4 units, and the number of species groups changed from 11 to 7. As a result of importance value (IV) changes, IV of Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata and Q. variabilis was increased by 6.8%, 5.2% and 2.9% in the order, respectively. However, that of Pinus densiflora was decreased by 2.8%. That of major planted species such as Castanea crenata, Chionanthus retusa, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu, Acer triflorum and Koelreuteria paniculata was reduced. As a result of species diversity, it was increased from 0.252 to 0.287 in tree layer, from 0.252 to 0.434 in subtree layer, and from 1.293 to 1.333 in shrub layer. But that in herb layer was decreased from 1.745 to 1.646. As a result of similarity index, it was 0.78, 0.65, 0.72 and 0.55 by layers that showed most difference in herb stratum. Considering the results, this study would be applied to the ecosystem diagnose and management of forest fire damaged area similar to the investigated area.