구연산 - 초산 - 유산계에서 구연산의 반응추출에 관한 연구

이한섭,강안수 ( Han Seob Lee,An Soo Kang ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.1

구연산-초산-유산계에서 구연산의 반응추출에 영향을 미치는 여러 인자를 규명하기 위하여 추출제로 2급과 3급아민 및 용매화추출제를, 용매로 n-butylacetate, MIBK, kerosine 및 xylene 등을, modifier로서 tributyl-Phosphate(TBP)와 isodecanol이 이용되었다. 그 외에 수용액상의 pH와, 온도의 영향을 연구하였고 평형상수도 얻었다. NaOH, Na_2CO_3, 및 K_2HPO_4, 알칼리 수용액에 의한 재추출 실험도 하였다. 실험결과 구연산의 추출에서 2급아민인 di-isotridecylamine(DITDA)이 추출도와 선택성에서 가장 좋았고 용매로서는 n-butylacetate가, modifier로서는 TBP가 우수하였다. 이외에도 수용액의 pH와 추출계의 온도가 낮을수록 추출도가 높았다. 재추출도는 stripping상의 염기도와 온도가 낮을수록 높아졌고 알카리 농도가 커질수록 높아졌다. For elucidation of various parameters` effects on the reactive extraction of citric acids, citric-acetic-lactic acid system with various carriers, diluents, and modifiers were investigated. Carriers used were secondary amines, tertiary amines, and solvation extractant. Diluents were n-butylacetate, methoisobutylketon(MIBK), kerosine, and xylene. Modifiers were TBP and isodecanol. The effects of temperature and pH in aquous phase were studied, and equilibrium constants for the reactive extraction were obtained. The re-extraction was performed by alkali solutions such as NaOH, Na_2CO_3, and K_2HPO_4. Based on the experiment, Di-isotridecylamine(secondary amine) gave higher degree of extraction and mere selective than other extractants tested for the extraction of citric acid. N-butylacetate and TBP showed heigher performance for a diluent and nudifier, repectively. The degree of extraction was getting better with decreasing the pH in the aquous phase and the temperature of extraction system. The degree of re-extraction was getting higher with decreasing basicity in the stripping phase and the system temperature, and with increasing the concentration of alkali solution.

재첩과 굴 패각의 소성에 관한 연구

이한섭,Lee Han-Seob 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.5

The calcination characteristics of the waste Corbicula Japonica and Ostrea virginjca shell were examined for the future use as desulfurization sorbent. The weight variation was measured according to thermal-decomposition using TGA and observed variation of the phase. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the sample were performed using XRD and the structural analysis, SEM. The results of TGA and XRD experiments showed that the almost all of the raw samples Corbicula Japonica and Ostrea virginjca were changed from calcite to lime by firing and calcination reaction. The result of SEM experiment showed that the plate type of the raw sample was changed to circle type, so the surface area ratio was increased. Above results suggested that waste Corbicula Japonica and Ostrea virginjca were usable in the viewpoint of the reuse of resource and the decrease of environmental pollution.

당진산 점토의 중금속 흡착특성에 관한 연구

이한섭(Han Seob Lee),강안수(An Soo Kang) 한국환경보건학회 2000 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study deals with the adsorption characteristics of heavy metal with Dangjin clay under batch type operation. The adsorption was maintained under various experimental conditions; the initial concentration of pb²⁺ and cd²⁺ solution, the adsorbent weight and the contact time and pH. This results was as follows; the adsorption of pb²⁺ and cd²⁺ to the adsorbent reached the equilibrium adsorption in approximately 30 minutes. When the initial concentration of solution was low, adsorbent weight was 0.5 g and at alkalnity pH range, adsorptivity of pb²⁺ and cd²⁺ was increased. The adsorption isotherm equation to pb²⁺ agreed with the Freundlich isotherm equation. The Freundlich constant l/n was 0.3905, which meant a good adsorbent for the remove of pb²⁺.

회분식 추출기에서 반응추출제에 의한 구연산과 초산의 물질이동

이한섭 ( Han Seob Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.2

회분식 추출기를 이용하여 구연산-초산 혼합수용액-n-butylacetate계에서 2급 아민 추출제인 DITDA와 용매화 추출제인 MOHPO를 이용 추출시 물질전달계수에 미치는 교반속도의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 실험결과 본 추출장치에서 교반속도가 커질수록 추출도는 증가하였고, 교만속도가 200rpm, 교반시간 30분 정도가 가장 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 또한 구연산-초산 혼합수용액에서 추출제로 2급 아민인 DITDA을 사용했을 경우 추출도가 더 높았다. 물질전달계수는 추출도와 비례함을 알았고, 구연산을 DITDA로 추출시 추잔상측 물질전달계수와 Re수와는 K_r= 1.254×10^(-3)Re^(0.536)이었다. The effect of agitation speed on mass transfer coefficient in the extraction of citric acid from mixed aqueous solutions of citric and acetic acid with n-butylacetate solutions of di-isotridecylamine(DITDA) and 50% mixture of tri-n-octyl and tri-n-hexyl phosphine oxide(MOHPO), were studied in batch extractor. Experimental results showed that the degree of extraction was higher with increasing agitation speed, and was best at 200rpm and 30 minutes in batch extractor. The higher degree of extraction was obtained in mixed solution of citric-acetic acid by using DITDA than MOHPO as an carrier. Mass transfer coefficient was proportional to the degree of extraction, and K_r= 1.254×10^(-3) Re^(0.536) was found for the extraction of citric acid by DITDA.

Alzheimer형 치매치료제인 Tacrine의 경피 투과 특성 연구

이한섭 ( Han Seob Lee ) 한국유화학회 2012 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.29 No.4

약물 전달 시스탬은 약물의 방출 프로파일, 흡수, 분배 및 제품의 효율성과 안전성, 환자의 편의성과 협조를 향상시키기 위한 제거를 개선하는 명백하게 보호화된 공식화 기술이다. 가장 일반적으로 쓰이는 transdermal 시스탬은 다양한 종류의 기술을 사용하는 skin patch다. 다른 투약 방법과 달리, transdermal 시스탬은 장기간 사용이 가능하다. 또한, 부작용이 생길 경우 약물 투약의 중단이 가능하다. Karaya gum and locust bean gum, LBG, /water-soluble chitosan oligomer, WSCO, 과 같은 Polysaccharide를 TDS의 기본 물질로 선택하였다 또한, 이 polymers들은 tacrine 물질, 강화제로 규정되어진다. 이러한 polysaccharide 중에서 karaya gum matrix의 침투율은 lipophilic drugin vitro 와 같은 tacrine 내에서 가장 빠르다. 우리는 glycerin, PEG 400, and PEG 800를 강화제로 사용하였다. 그러므로, transdermal의 tacrine 흡수율은 vehicle 구성을 바꿈으로써, 혹은 침투 강화제를 사용함으로써 향상되었을 것이다. 특히, vehicle이 스스로의 효과를 강화하는 것과 더불어, vehicle에 강화제를 첨가함으로써 높은 침투 효율이 얻어질 것으로 기대된다. Abstract: Drug delivery technologies are patent protected formulation technologies that modify drug release profile, absorption, distribution, and elimination for the benefit of improving product efficacy and safety, as well as patient convenience and compliance. The most commonly used transdermal system is the skin patch using various types of technologies. Compared with other method of dosage, it is possible to use for a long term. It is also possible to stop the drug dosage are stop if the drug dosage lead to side effect. Polysaccharide, such as karaya gum and locust bean gum (LBG)/water-soluble chitosan oligomer, WSCO, were selected as base materials of TDS. Also, these polymers were characterized in terms of enhancers, tacrine contents. Among these polysaccharide, the permeation rate of karaya gum matrix was fastest in tacrine such as lipophilic drug in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 400, and PEG 800 as enhancers. Therefore, transdermal absorption of tacrine could be improved by changing vehicle composition or by using penetration enhancers. Especially it would be anticipated that the high permeation efficacy could be obtained by using vehicle that has enhancing effect for itself and by adding enhancers to it.

Glycol ethers에 대한 피부 투과 특성

이한섭 ( Han Seob Lee ),최성부 ( Sung Boo Choi ),김낙주 ( Nac Joo Kim ),근장현 ( Jang Hyoun Keun ),황현석 ( Hyun Suk Hwang ),백정훈 ( Jung Hun Baek ),최진호 ( Jin Ho Choi ),이호준 ( Ho Joon Lee ) 한국유화학회 2013 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Glycol ethers는 페인트에 흔히 사용되는 ethylene glycol의 alkyl ethers에 기반을 둔 용제들이다. 이 용제들은 일반적으로 저분자량 에테르와 알코올의 용제 친화적 성질과 더불어 더 높은 비등점을 가지고 있다. Union Carbide Corp.는 “Glycol ethers”를 하나의 미국 상표로 등록했으며, 이는 제약, 자외선차단제, 화장품, 잉크, 염료 및 수성페인트에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 반면 glycol ethers는 그리스 제거제, 세제, 에어로졸 페인트와 접착제에서도 발견된다. 대부분의 glycol ethers는 수용성, 생분해성이며, 아주 적은 수의 glycol ethers만이 유독성이라고 여겨진다. 그러므로 glycol ethers는 환경에 부작용을 낳을 것 같지는 않다. 최근 연구는 glycol ethers에 작업상 노출되는 것이 남성 정자의 저 운동성과 연관이 되어 있다고 제시했지만, 이는 다른 이들에 의해 반박되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3가지 종류의 glycol ethers의 피부침투성에 관해 용제와 세제의 조합을 사용하여 시험관을 통해 연구한다. Methyl glycol ethers, ethyl glycol ethers and butyl glycol ethers의 흡수는 쥐의 피부를 통해 시험관에서 측정되었다. Epidermal membranes는 Franz diffusion cells에 세워졌으며, 그들의 PBS 침투율은 glycol ethers가 epidermal surface에 적용되기 전, 피부의 보전을 위해 처리하였다. 개별 glycol ethers의 흡수율은 최대 흡수 파장(λmax)에서 흡광도를 측정하여 결정하였으며, 침투율의 측정은 esters와의 접촉을 이유로 장벽 기능 내 불가역 변화를 정량화하였다. 시험관 실험 결과 glycol ethers의 종류는 methyl glycol ethers > ethyl glycol ethers > butyl glycol ethers의 순에 따라 빠르게 나타났다. 피부침투는 저분자량 피부침투, 친수성과 같은 화학적구조의 차이에서 유익했다. 이는 분배계수와 용해 방법 및 수동확산이 전달이 고려되는 곳에서 속도를 올렸기 때문이다. Glycol ethers are a group of solvents based on alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol commonly used in paints. These solvents typically have a higher boiling point, together with the favorable solvent properties of lower-molecular weight ethers and alcohols. The word “Glycol ethers” was registered as a United States trademark by Union Carbide Corp. Typically, glycol ethers are found in pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, dyes and water based paints. On the other hand, glycol ethers are used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives. Most glycol ethers are relatively water soluble, biodegradable and only a few are considered toxic. Therefore, they are unlikely to pose an adverse risk to the environment. Recent study suggests that occupational exposure to glycol ethers is related to low motile sperm count in men, but the finding has been disputed by others. In this study, skin permeation of 3 types glycol ethers were studied in vitro using matrix such as solvent and detergent. The absorption of glycol ethers[methyl glycol ethers(MC), ethyl glycol ethers(EC) and butyl glycol ethers(BC)] has been measured in vitro through rat skin. Epidermal membranes were set up in Franz diffusion cells and their permeability to PBS measured to establish the integrity of the skin before the glycol ethers were applied to the epidermal surface. Absorption rates for each glycol ethers were determined and permeability assessment made to quantify any irreversible alterations in barrier function due to contact with the esters. Types of glycol ethers in vitro experimental results on MC> EC〉BC quickly appeared in the following order: skin permeation was beneficial to the skin permeation small molecular weight, the difference in chemical structure, such as hydrophilic, because with the partition coefficient and solubility mechanisms and passive diffusion to increase the speed at which transmission is considered.

Polysaccharides를 이용한 PM<SUB>10</SUB> 먼지억제제의 먼지제어 효과와 수질 및 토양 환경에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

이한섭(Han Seob Lee),최성부(Sung Boo Choi),황수진(Su Jin Hwang),황현석(Hyun Seok Hwang) 大韓環境工學會 2017 대한환경공학회지 Vol.39 No.2

본 연구에서는 식품과 화장품 재료로 다양하게 이용되는 천연다당류의 특성인 분자구조, 분자량, 점성, 친수성, 팽윤 및 습윤/보습 등을 이용하여 PM10에 대한 먼지 억제제를 제조하였고 Lab과 Field Test를 통하여 다양한 먼지 제어 효과를 확인하였으며 대조군인 물에 의한 단순 살수와 합성 PVA보다 우수한 결과를 도출하였다. 또한, 수분 증발 비교, 배추씨 발아와 배추 생장 비교실험(Pot Test), 물고기와 수생식물에 대한 영향 및 허브 식물 성장에 대한 영향 등의 토양 및 수질 시험등을 통하여 토양과 수질에서의 안전성 등을 연구하여 Polysaccharides를 이용한 PM10 먼지 억제제의 이용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. In this study, A dust inhibitor for PM10 was prepared by using molecular structure, molecular weight, viscosity, hydrophilicity, swelling and wetting / moisturizing properties of natural polysaccharide which is widely used as food and cosmetic materials. Various dust control effects were confirmed and superior results were obtained than simple water spraying and synthetic PVA as a control. In addition, the comparison of water evaporation, pot test of cabbage seed germination, effects on fish and aquatic plants, and effects on herb plant growth were studied and the safety of soil and water quality was studied. The availability of the dust inhibitor was confirmed.

화장품 소재와 천연고분자를 이용한 도로분진 제어에 대한 연구

이한섭(Lee Han Seob),최성부(Choi Sung Boo) 한국유화학회 2018 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구에서는 식품 및 화장품 원료로 널리 사용되는 천연 다당류의 분자 구조, 분자량, 점도, 친수성, 팽창, 습윤 및 보습 특성을 이용하여 도로 분진 방지제를 제조하였다. 다양한 분진 제어 효과가 확인되었으며 단순한 물 분사 및 시험 대조군인 합성PVA보다 우수한 결과를 얻었다. 또한 수분 증발 비교, 비산 저감율, 공사현장 테스트 및 물벼룩 급성 독성 시험 등의 영향을 연구하고 토양 및 수질의 안전성을 연구하여 도로 분진 방지제의 유용성을 확인하였다. In this study, a dust inhibitor for road dust was prepared by using molecular structure, molecular weight, viscosity, hydrophilicity, swelling, wetting and moisturizing properties of natural polysaccharide which is widely used as food and cosmetic materials. Various dust control effects were confirmed and superior results were obtained than simple water spraying and synthetic for control(PVA). In addition, the comparison of water evaporation, scattering inhibition rate, Field test, and determining acute lethality of effluents to Daphnia magna were studied and the safety of soil and water quality was studied. The availability of the dust inhibitor was confirmed.

유입하수에 따른 BNR에서의 N과 P 제거율에 관한 연구

이한섭(Han-Seob Lee),정광보(Kwang-Bo Chung),안성환(Sung-Hwan, Ahn),김경호(Kyung-Ho Kim),원성권(Sung-kwon Won) 한국유화학회 2014 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The amount of waste water generated from the domestic sources is consistently increasing in proportion to economic growth, and the conventional activated sludge process is widely being used for general waste water treatment. But the ministry of environment becomes stringthent treatment standards of N and P (less than 20㎎/L of N, 2㎎/L of P) to prevent the eutrophication of lake water, and therefore highly advanced treatment technology is required not only in the existing treatment plants where the activated sludge process is being used, but also in newly constructed treatment plants for the treatment of N and P. This study is aimed at highly operating the engineering technology method was developed by domestic to eliminate N and P at the same time. Experiments were conducted in the treatment plant located in Yong In city. The bioreactor was started from the principal equipment for the elimination of N and P and the elimination of organic compounds. It consists of an internal recycle piping from the end of the aerobic tank to the anoxic tank and external recycle piping from the final settling basin to the denitrification tank. By experiment of 4 types separate inflow of waste water to the denitrification tank and the anaerobic tank, and changes in staying time at the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank, the elimination of organic compounds in each type and the relationship in the efficiency between the elimination of N and P were researched.

지방족 아민 추출제에 의한 초산의 추출

이한섭 ( Han Seob Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.1

초산의 반응추출에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 추출제로 2급과 3급 아민 및 용매화 추출제, 용매로 n-butylacetate, modifier로 4-nonylphenol, TBP 및 isodecanol을 이용하였다. 그외에 수용액상의 pH와 온도의 영향을 연구하였다. 실험결과 초산의 추출에서 3급 아민인 tri-n-octyl과 tri-n-decylamine의 50% 혼합 추출제인 MODA가 추출도 및 선택도에서 가장 좋았다. Modifier로서는 4-nonylphenol이 우수하였다. 이외에도 수용액의 pH와 추출계의 온도가 낮을수록 추출도가 높았다. To elucidate the effect on the reactive extraction of acetic acid, various carriers and modifiers were investigated. Carriers used were secondary and tertiary amines, and solvation extractant. Diluent was n-butylacetate. Modifiers were 4-nonylphenol, TBP(Tri-n-butyl phospate) and isodecanol. Besides, the effect of temperature and pH in aqueous phase were studied. The mixture of 50% tri-n-octyl/n-decylamine, tertiary amine, gave higher degree of extraction and selectivity than other extractants in the extraction of acetic acid. It was found that 4-nonylphenol as modifier fairly good. The degree of extraction was higher with decreasing the pH in aquous phase and the temperature of extraction system.