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생태적 축산폐수 처리 및 재활용 연못시스템의 폐수처리수준
양홍모,이종욱 ( Hongmo Yang,Chong Ouk Rhee ) 한국환경농학회 1998 한국환경농학회지 Vol.17 No.1
A model of pond system is developed for treatment and recycling of excreta from twenty-five adult dairy cattle. It is composed of wastewater treatment ponds and small fish ponds. Those are three facultative ponds in series; primary-secondary-tertiary pond and these are designed to rear carps without feeding. A pit is constructed at the bottom of primary pond for efficient sludge sedimentation and effective methane fermentation. It is contrived to block into it the penetration of oxygen dissolved in the upper layer of pond water. The excreta from the cattle housed in stalls are diluted by water used for clearing them. The washed excreta flow into the pit. The average yearly BOD_5 concentration of influent is 398.7㎎/ℓ. That of the effluent from primary, secondary and tertiary pond of the system is 49.18, 27.9, and 19.8㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 88, 93, and 95 % of BOD5 are removed in each pond. The mean yearly SS concentration of influent is 360.5㎎/ℓ. That of the effluent from each pond is 53.4, 45.7, and 32.7㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 86, 88, and 91% of SS are removed in each pond. The BOD_5 concentration of secondary and tertiary pond can satisfy 30㎎/ℓ secondary treatment standard. The SS concentration of effluent from tertiary pond, however, is slightly greater than the standard, which results from activities of carps growing in the pond. The average yearly total nitrogen concentration of influent is 206.8㎎/ℓ and that of the effluent from each pond is 48.6, 30.8, and 21.0㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 74, 88, and 90% of total nitrogen are removed in each pond. The mean yearly total phosphorous concentration of influent is 20.7㎎/ℓ and that of the effluent from each pond is 5.3, 3.2, and 2.1㎎/ℓ respectively. Approximate 97, 98, and 99% of total phosphorous are removed in each pond. The high removal of nitrogen and phosphorous results from active growth of algae in the upper layer of pond water. Important pond design parameters for southern part of Korea -- areal loading of BOD5, liquid depth, hydraulic detention time, free board, and pond arrangement -- are taken up.
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이유석,조지미,이종욱,Lee, You-Seok,Cho, Ji-Mi,Rhee, Chong-Ouk 한국응용생명화학회 2003 한국농화학회지 Vol.46 No.2
유색미는 다양한 천연색소를 함유하고 있으며 항산화기능의 효과가 알려져 이용이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 이용을 증대시키고자 유색미 전분을 이용한 식품의 제조에 영향을 주는 여러 가지 이화학적 특성들에 대해 조사하였다. 수원 415호 유색미 전분의 평균입경과 중심입경은 각각 $6.27{\mu}m$와 $5.23{\mu}m$, 일반미 전분은 각각 $5.43{\mu}m$와 $4.71{\mu}m$로 수원 415호 유색미 전분의 입경이 일반미 전분 보다 더 컸다. 수원 415호 유색미와 일반미의 물결합능력은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 요오드 반응은 일반미 전분이 수원 415호 유색미 전분보다 조금 높게 나타났다. 수원 415호 유색미 전분과 일반미 전분의 고유점도는 각각 107.5ml/g, 145.8ml/g으로 일반미 전분의 고유점도가 더 높은 값을 보였으며, X선 회절도에 의한 결정형은 전형적인 A형을 보였으며 상대결정도는 수원 415호 유색미 전분과 일반미 전분이 각각 0.43, 0.41로 수원 415호 유색미 전분이 큰 값을 보였다. 팽윤력과 용해도는 온도가 상승함에 따라 증가하였으나 수원 415호 유색미 전분이 일반미 전분 보다 각각의 온도에서 팽윤력과 용해도가 더 낮았다. 신속점도계를 이용하여 측정한 전분의 농도별 호화특성 측정결과 전분의 농도가 높아질수록 호화온도가 낮아지는 경향이었으며, 수원 415호 유색미와 일반미 전분의 최고 점도와 최저 점도는 각 농도에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않아 식품재료로 사용시 일반미와 큰 차이를 보이지 않을 것이라 생각된다. Physicochemical and gelatinization properties of Suwon-415 pigmented rice starch were determined. The median and mean particle sizes of Suwon-415 pigmented rice starch were 5.23 and $6.27\;{\mu}m$, whereas those of non-glutinous rice starch were 4.71 and $5.43\;{\mu}m$ respectively. Water-binding capacity, iodine reaction and intrinsic viscosity of Suwon-415 pigmented rice starch were lower than those of non-glutinous rice starch. X-ray diffraction patterns showed traditional A type of cereals and relative crystalline of both samples showed no difference. Peak viscosity, breakdown and setback were increased with increasing weight of starches.
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The Chewing Efficiency of Occlusal Stabilization Appliances by Anatomy of the Occlusal Surface
임영관,최충호,김재형,이종욱,김병국,Im, Yeong-Gwan,Choi, Choong-Ho,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Rhee, Chong-Ouk,Kim, Byung-Gook Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2005 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.30 No.3
Occlusal appliance therapy has been proven to be very useful and effective in reducing signs and symptoms of patients with TMD. However, there are no reports about the masticatory efficiency of the occlusal appliance. The purpose of this study was, first, to investigate the masticatory efficiency of the conventional stabilization appliance experimentally in normal healthy subjects, by comparing it with that of their natural dentition; and, second, to develop a modified stabilization appliance as an attempt to increase masticatory efficiency. Eleven subjects (mean age 25.3 years, range from 23 to 33) participated in this study. Six were men and five were women. They were healthy and had complete or near―complete natural dentition, and did not present with signs or symptoms of TMD. Two kinds of occlusal appliances―the conventional flat maxillary stabilization appliance (i.e., FSA) and a modified maxillary stabilization appliance with additional anatomic structures on its occlusal surface (i.e., ASA)―were made for every subject. Subjects chewed peanuts that were selected as a food to test the three masticatory conditions of the natural dentition, the ASA, and the FSA. The number of chewing strokes was counted during each 1-minute chewing period. Chewed peanut boluses were recovered and their hardness was measured by texture analysis. Statistical tests were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. The masticatory efficiency of the FSA was 38.6 percent that of the natural dentition. The efficiency of the ASA was 78.2 percent that of the natural dentition. 2. The number of chewing strokes in the natural dentition condition was measured to be 1.5 strokes per second. It decreased to 90 percent in the ASA and FSA conditions. These results indicate that the ASA could serve an improved masticatory capacity as well as its therapeutic effects in TMD. A clinical application of the ASA should be considered to extend the management of TMD patients.
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K / Na Ratio를 이용한 토종꿀과 양봉꿀의 품질 특성 비교
김은선(Eun-Seon Kim),이종욱(Chong-Ouk Rhee) 한국식품영양과학회 1996 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.25 No.4
토종꿀과 양봉꿀의 이화학적 특성을 비교, 분석하였고 벌꿀에 함유되어 있는 무기성분 중 K/Na ratio를 이용하여 토종꿀의 판별가능성을 고찰하였다. 벌꿀의 이화학적 특성을 살펴 본 결과, 토종꿀과 양봉꿀의 일반성분 중에서 가장 차이가 두드러진 항목이 회분과 조단백질이었는데 토종꿀의 함량은 평균 0.31% 및 0.28%, 양봉꿀의 평균 함량은 0.11% 및 0.13%로서 토종꿀이 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 벌꿀 중의 proline과 diastase activity는 토종꿀이 평균 13.6㎎%, 31.7unit, 양봉꿀은 평균 16.4㎎%, 17.0unit로서 proline 함량은 양봉꿀이 높았으며, diastase activity는 토종꿀이 더 높았다. 무기성분은 토종꿀이 양봉꿀에 비해 월등히 많이 함유하고 있는 성분이었는데 주요 무기성분은 Ca, Mg, Na, K, CI 등으로 토종꿀에서는 K가 가장 높은 함량을 보인 반면 양봉꿀에서는 CI이 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 본 실험에서 분석하였던 무기성분 중 K와 Na의 조성비를 이용하였더니 토종꿀과 양봉꿀의 특성이 분명하게 구분되었다. 토종꿀의 K/Na ratio는 실험에 사용하였던 6점 모두 10 이상으로 나타난 반면 양봉꿀은 3점 모두 1.5이하로 나타나 토종꿀을 판별할 수 있는 하나의 지표로서의 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. In order to examine the quality attributes of native-bee honey, proximate composition and mineral components were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry, ion chromatography and high perfonnance liquid chromatography. The analytical results showed that native-bee honey is higher in the contents of crude ash, crude protein and diastase activity than those of foreign-bee honey. The principal mineral components of honey were Ca, Mg, Na, K and CI, which showed that almost all the mineral components were contained higher in the native-bee honey than the foreign-bee honey samples. When we calculated K/Na ratio, we could make a clear distinction between native-bee honey and foreign-bee honey. The K/Na ratio turned out to be more than 10 in 6 samples of native-bee honey, whereas the ratio of foreign-bee honey showed up less than 1.5 in all 3 samples.
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