산란계에 대한 칼슘 공급제의 사료가치 비교시험 2 . 칼슘 공급수준의 입자도 및 공급원이 산란형질 및 난각질에 미치는 영향

송만강,한인규,이규호,곽종형 ( Man K . Song,In K . Han,Kyu H . Lee,Chong H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of particle size and source of calcium supplements on the laying performances for a period of 12 weeks. A total of 240 Single Comb White Leghorn of 39 weeks old were divided into 6 treatments consisted of oystershell (coarse, medium, fine) and limestone (coarse, medium, fine). The results obtained are as follows. 1. Feed consumption was not affected by the particle size and the source of calcium supplements in the laying hen diets. 2. Egg production rate was slightly higher for the layers fed fine particle size and for the limestone fed groups, but the difference was not significant. 3. No significant difference was Found in egg weight, egg shell wt./egg wt./egg shell thickness and calcium content in egg shell, However, slightly improved results were obtained by the birds Fed coarse particle size and by the oystershell fed groups. 4. Soft and shelless egg production, mortality were higher for the layers fed fine particle size and For those fed oystershell than other treatments, but the differences were nat significant. 5. Nutrient utilizability among treatments was not affected by calcium supplements and/or particle sizes. According to the results obtained, the layers fed the oystershell in coarse particle were more adequate for egg shell quality except for the laying performance.

산란계 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 난생산에 영향하는 효과 1 . 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 성장 , 난관 및 경골의 발달에 미치는 영향

송만강,한인규,이규호 ( Man K . Song,In K . Han,Kyu H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of restricted feeding of pullets during the growing period on growth rate, development of oviduct and tibia. The experiment was conducted with 480 Hi-Sex strain of Single Comb White Leghorn pullets with 8 weeks of age during the feeding trial. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Body weight gain was significantly (p$lt;0.05) reduced as the level of protein and feed intake decreased. Feed consumption in protein restricted groups was also significantly (p$lt;0.05) reduced in comparison with that of control groups (A). Feed efficiency however, was not coincided with body weight gain or feed consumption, birds of 80% of intake consumed by control birds during phase 1 (8-14 weeks) and 60% during phase 2 (14-20 weeks) were the highest to be 6.25, and were the lowest in birds (D) fed 10% of dietary protein in both phase to be 8.59. Therefore, there were highly significant (p$lt;0.01) differences in feed efficiency among treatments. 2. Development of oviduct was retarded by restriction of protein and/or feed intake. The length (55.9cm) and the weight (27.8g) of oviduct for the control birds (A) were the highest and the lowest in G (60% of feed intake consumed by control birds in both phase) measured to be 14.9cm and 3.4g, respectively. Therefore, there were significant (p$lt;0.01) differences in the length and the weight of oviduct among treatments of 20 weeks of age. Tibial development was in agreement with that of oviduct but, there were no significant differences. 3. There was higher mortality in severely restricted birds (D and G) than in control birds. Mortality was the largest in the birds of D group to be 8.3%, and the difference between control and D group was 5%. 4. Nutrient utilizabilities of growing chicks were slightly higher in restricted group than in the control group, but there were no significant differences among treatments. It was concluded that body weight gain and development of oviduct and tibia were affected by the degree of restriction, but feed efficiencies in restricted groups were relatively larger than that of control group (A).

산란계 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 난생산에 영향하는 효과 2 . 육성추에 대한 제한사양이 난생산 능력 및 경제성에 미치는 영향

송만강,한인규,이규호 ( Man K Song,In K Han,Kyu H Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of restricted feeding of pullets during the growing period on subsequent laying performance and costs and returns, and was carried out with Hi-sex strain Single Comb White Leghorn chicks with 20 weeks of age in the laying period. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The rate of hen day egg production after the initial delay in sexual maturity was slightly higher for the restricted groups than for the control groups, the total number of eggs laid per bird housed for 294 days test period however, was slightly lower than for the control birds. But there ware no significant differences between control (A) and restricted birds. 2. It was found that the restricted feeding has no difinite beneficial effect on egg size although the restricted birds laid more heavier eggs (0.4-1.1 g) than control group (A). 3. The restricted feeding during the growing did not cause a subsequent increase in total feed consumption in the laying period. Feed efficiency during the laying trial period tended to be related with egg production and egg weight since there were not differences in feed consumption among treatments, but were not significant differences. 4. In the laying period, there was higher mortality in severely restricted birds in the feeding trial than in control birds (A). Larger groups in mortality were D and G group to be 10% and the difference between control and two groups was 4%. But there were no differences between other restricted birds and control birds. 5. No significant differences were found in nutrients utilizabilities of laying hen among treatments. Therefore, it appeared that restricted feeding during the growing period has no effect on nutrients utilizabilities of subsequent laying period. 6. Total feed cost in restricted groups for the both growing and laying periods combined was less than that of control (6996.1 Won) and was the lowest in G group (6612.8 Won). Egg income (7431.6 Won) from the control birds was higher due to total eggs laid when the egg income was estimated by the same size but in case of being estimated by graded size, the egg income from restricted groups except for two groups (B and C) were apparently increased. In this experiment, the most advantageous restricted group was E (80% of intake consumed by control bird). It was concluded that intake restricted feeding during the growing period of pullets would be a desirable and economically more advantageous method for rearing egg production stocks than balanced diet and ful-fed feeding or protein restricted feeding.

양계사료의 TME 측정에 관한 연구 3 . 사료의 급여량 및 방법이 옥수수의 TME 가에 미치는 효과

한인규,송만강,남두석,이규호 ( In K . Han,Man K . Song,Doo S . Nam,Kyu H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Adult single comb white Leghorn roosters were used to measure the effect of the level of feed input feeding methods as force feeding and intake restricted free feeding and on true metabolizable energy (TME) value of corn. The level of feed input as corn was ranged from 10g to 50g by 10g increments. Unfed birds were used to measure the FEm + UEe loss for each experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Gross energy voided as excreta from fed birds tended to increase in a linear manner as the intake of corn increased. 2. Mean metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy (FEm + UEe) and nitrogen excreted from unfed birds were 7.021±0.328 ㎉ (3.628 ㎉/㎏ BW/24hr.) and 0.4488 (0.232g/㎏ BW/24hr.), respectively. 3. The mean THE value of corn was 3.551 ㎉ (per g. of air dry basis) 4. Total gross energy intakes of force-feeding birds and free-feeding birds were 117.300 ㎉ and 112.217 ㎉ per bird. 5. Gloss energy excreted from force-feeding and free-feeding birds were 18.936 ㎉ per bird. 6. The THE value of corn was similar in force-feeding and free-feeding as 3.557 ㎉/g. and 3.549 ㎉/g., respectively. It was concluded that the THE value of corn was not affected by the level of feed input as corn and the optimum level of feed input as corn was 30-40g when the assay bird was an adult S.C.W.L. rooster. And the free-feeding method was more convenient than force-feeding method by eliminating difficult problem such as force-feeding.

양계사료의 TME 측정에 관한 연구 2 . 가금의 품종 및 성이 옥수수의 TME 가에 미치는 효과

한인규,송만강,남두석,이규호 ( In K . Han,Man K . Song,Doo S . Nam,Kyu H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.6

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of breed and sex of assay bird on true metabolizable energy value (TME) of corn with adult S.C.W.L. and broiler chicks of male and female, respectively. And unfed birds were used to measure metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy (FEm+UEe) excreted. There were 5 replication per treatment including unfed group of birds. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Gross energy excreted was the highest in broiler male chicks as 27.988㎉ and was the lowest in broiler female chicks as 21.164㎉ (p$lt;0.01). However, there were no significant differences among breeds and sexes of assay birds, respectively. 2. No significant differences were shown (p$lt;0.01) among breeds and sexes although FEm+UEe loss of unfed birds were the highest in broiler male clucks. 3. Gross energy excreted per ㎏ body weight of unfed birds tended to decease as body weight of assay birds increased. The value was the highest in S.C.W.L. male as 5.029 ㎉ and the lowest in broiler male chicks as 4.058 ㎉. But there were no significant differences among breeds and sexes, respectively. It was concluded that the breed and sex of assay birds did not affect the THE value of corn and mean THE value of corn was 3.412㎉ (per g. of air dry matter).

양계사료의 TME 측정에 관한 연구 1 . 가금의 연령이 옥수수의 TME 가에 미치는 효과

한인규,송만강,남두석,이규호 ( In K . Han,Man K . Song,Doo S . Nam,Kyu H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Single Comb Brown Leghom male chicks were used to measure the effect of age of assay bird on true metabolizable energy (TME) value of corn, by 6 weeks interval from 8 to 26 weeks old, and were used to measure metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy (FEm+UEe) excreted from unfed birds at each age of birds. There were 7 replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Gross energy values excreted from fed birds were significantly decreased (p$lt;0.05) as age of bird increased from 8 week to 14 week, although feed energy intakes as corn were almost similar in all ages of birds. 2. Metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy (FEm+UEe) values and nitrogen excreted per ㎏ body weight from unfed birds decreased as age of bird increased, but were similar between 20 and 26 weeks old birds. 3. The T M E value of corn in ㎉/g. of air dry matter was the lowest at 8 week old birds as 3.379±0.030 in compare with other ages of buds (p$lt;0.01), however, T M E values were similar among ages more than 14 weeks old. 4. The relationship between body weight(X) and gross energy(Y) excreted per ㎏ body weight of unfed birds was Y=10.607-2.798X (p$lt;0.01). 5. The mean THE value of corn was 3.468㎉(per g. air dry matter).

양계사료의 TME 측정에 관한 연구 Ⅵ. 양계사료의 대사에너지가 측정에 있어서 AME 와 TME 방법의 비교

한인규(In K . Han),송만강(Man K . Song),이규호(Kyu H . Lee),곽종형(Chong H . Kwack) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This experiment was conducted to compare the results of the classical apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and the true metabolizable energy(TME) assays in detecting differences in the metabolizable energy contents of corn, wheat bran and soybean oil meal. Two weeks old birds were used to measure classical AME and MEn values, and 56 week old birds were used to measure AME, AMEn and TME values by TME assay. Unfed birds were used to measure FEm+UEe losses. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. AME values of corn, wheat bran and soybean oil meal measured by classical AME assay were greater than N-corrected AME values of those three samples, but no significant differences were shown at 5% level. 2. In comparing AME values with AMEn values measured by THE assay, AME value of soybean oil meal was somewhat greater than AMEn value of that, otherwise, AME values of corn and wheat bran were smaller than AMEn values of those. 3. AME value was somewhat greater for corn measured by classical AME assay as 3.765 ㎉/g than for that by TME assay as 3.637 ㎉/g. (dry matter basis). While, AME values of wheat bran and soybean oil meal measured by TME assay were higher than AME values of those by classical AME assay. 4. Similar trends for the three kinds of materials were shown in AMEn values by classical AME assay, but AME value of corn as 3.721 ㎉/g was greater in TME assay than that of corn as 3.672 ㎉/g in classical AME assay. 5. TME values for corn, wheat bran and soybean oil meal were 4.060 ㎉/g, 2.450 ㎉/g and 3.437 ㎉/g, respectively.

양계사료의 TME 측정에 관한 연구 Ⅳ. 절식기간 (絶食期間) 및 분채취기간이 옥수수의 TME 가에 미치는 효과

한인규(In K . Han),송만강(Man K . Song),남두석(Doo S . Nam),이규호(Kyu H . Lee),곽종형(Chong H . Kwack) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Two experiments were made with adult S.C.W.L. roosters to study the effect of the duration of starvation, prior to force-feeding and the duration of excreta collection period, after force-feeding on the true metabolizable enerby (T M E) value of corn. Durations of starvation and excreta collection periods were 12,18, 24, 30 and 48 hr., respectively. Unfed birds were used to measure metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy (FEm+UEe) losses. There were 5 replications. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Gross energy excreted from fed birds tended to decrease significantly (p$lt;0.01) with the duration of starvation, but tended to increase significantly (p$lt;0.01) with the duration of excreta collection. 2. The excretion of metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy (FEm+UEe) per 24hr. from unfed birds also tended to increase significantly (p$lt;0.01) with the duration of starvation and tended to increase significantly (p$lt;0.01) with the duration of excreta collection. 3. The THE value of corn was not affected by the duration of excreta collection although it was shown to be almost identical values after the duration of excreta collection of 24 hr. 4. The mean THE values of corn obtained from the experiments of the duration of starvation and excreta collection were 3.559 ㎉ and 3.697 ㎉ per g of air dry matter, respectively. It was concluded that the duration of starvation and excreta collection period should be identical and are appropriate for 24hr. T M E measurement of corn.

양계사료의 TME 측정에 관한 연구 Ⅴ. 기초사료와 측정사료의 혼합비가 TME 가에 미치는 효과

한인규(In K . Han),송만강(Man K . Song),이규호(Kyu H . Lee),곽종형(Chong H . Kwack) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This experiment was conducted to measure the effect of mixing ratio of basal diet and test material as corn on true metabolizable energy (TME) values with adult SCWL male chicks. The mixing ratios of test material to basal diet were 25%, 50%, and 75%. There were 5 treatments including basal diet and corn fed groups. Unfed birds were used to measure the FEm+UEe loss. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. No significant differences were shown among treatments although the TME value was the lowest in basal diet treatment as 2.950 ㎉/g. (dry matter basis) and was the highest in the mixing ration of 25% as 3.061 ㎉/g. 2. The TME value of corn was higher (p$lt;0.05) in the mixing of 25% as 4.278 ㎉/g. (dry matter basis) than other treatments, however, there were no significant differences among other treatments (50%, 4,095 ㎉/g.; 75%, 4,125 ㎉/g. and 100% of corn, 4.111 ㎉/g). It was concluded that it would be possible to measure the TME value of poultry feedstuffs by feeding the test material only without considering nutrient balance of test diet.