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李國柱,金相協,安鍾瑾 서울대학교 1964 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.15 No.-
Anchner observed glucosuria in the dog after lesions of floor of Ⅲ. ventricle, and Sachs & McDonald also observed transient hyperglycemia following hypothalamic puncture. Himwich observed hyperglycemia in cat, anesthetized with amythal following electric stimulation in hypothalamus. Lewy & Gassman observed hyperglycemia in cat following stimulation of paraventricular nucleus. Baily, Bremer and D'amour, Keller observed transient glycosuria and hyglycemia following hypothalamic lesion respectively. Barris & Ingram reported that transient hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia appear after electric lesion of hypothalmiamus. Contrary, Keller, Noble & Keller et al experienced hypoglycemia following hypothalamic lesion in most cases. We would say, after reviewing above studies, there is close relationship between glucose metabolism and hypothalamus. Unfortunately there is no any agreement each other so far. Above studies were done by electric stimulation, electrolytic lesion or puncture methods etc. In order to investigate whether hypothalamus concerns blood glucose homeostasis or not, authors observed blood glucose level following injection of concentrated glucose solution in various area of hypothalamus directly in rabbits. 1.8 kg of body weight Korean white male rabbits were used and fed bean-curd refuse. The rabbit were fast for from 12 hours to 16 hours before experiments. We chose 30 gauge injection needle in order to prevent stimulation locally as much possible into the hypothalamus. Injection area were determined according to stereotaxic coordinates which was studied by 1.S. Choi. Solution of 0.05 c.c were injected bilaterally by stereotaxic apparatus. Solution of injection are 20% pure glucose solution and physiologic saline solution. According to Somogyi-Nelson micromethod, blood glucose are determined. The results were as follows. 1) 10 rabbits were used for simple injection whit 30 gauge needle in anterior, middle and posterior parts of hypothalamus. There not any significant changes except hypoglycemia in 2 cases, hyperglycemia in 1 case following injection of needles respectively. 2) When physiologic saline solution were injected in anterior hypothalamus in 7 rabbits, blood glucose level revealed rapid and marked rise 15 min., rapid decline 30 minutes, and regained normal level 90 minutes after injection. 3) When 20% glucose solution were injected in anterior hypothalamus in 11 rabbits, blood glucose level declined rapidly and inarkedly after 15 min. whereas 30 minutes later increased rapidly and kept higher blood glucose level continuously than fasting blood level. 4) When physiologic asline solution were injected in middle hypothalamus in 5 rabbits, blood glucose level rised markedly 15 minutes later and then declined slowly but still kept somewhat higher level of blood glucose than fasting level. 5) When 20% glucose solution were injected in middle hypoothalamus in 5 rabbits, blood glucoselevel rised slighty after 30 minutes and then declined slowly. 90 minutes later blood glucose level regained almost to the fasting level. 6) When physiologic saline solution were injected in posterior hypothalamus in 5 rabbits, blood glucose level rised slightly 15 minutes later and then slowly declined to fasting blood glucose level 90 minutes later. 7) When 20% glucose solution were injected in posterior hypothalamus in 5 rabbits, blood glucose level rised slightly 30 min. later and declined to fasting level 90 minutes later. 8) We can conclude above results as follows. Folowing injection of physiologic saline solution or 20% glucose solution in middle and posterior area of hypothalamus, blood glucose amount increased through there are some differences in its rapidity and degree. Against these results, as the physiologic saline solution was injected in anterior hypothalamus, the rabbit blood glucose level increased rapidlyand markedly, and then declined rapidly. Contrary, as the 20% glucose solutions were injected in the same area, it declined rapidly and then increased, followed by the higher blood glucose level continuously than fasting level. Therefore we assume that temporary rise of rabbit blood glucose level following injection of physiologic saline solution or 20% glucose solution in middle and posterior hypothalmus might be due to the stimulation of injection itself. But the tendency toward opposite direction of blood glucose level following injection of physiologic saline solution and 20% glucose solution in anterior hypothalamus indicates that anterior hypothalamus posses the function of "glucoreceptor" or "chemoreceptor" in broad sense.
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中樞神經에 있어 CHLORPROMAZINE이 血壓에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究
李國柱,金相協 서울대학교 1968 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.19 No.-
Chlorpromazine has many pharmacological actions such as ganglion blocking, antiadrenaline, antiathistamine, antifibrillatory, antipyretic, anticonvaulsant and antiemetic actions. They also showed that chorpromazine enhenced the potency of analgesic and central-depressant drugs. Despite obvious evidences of an action on the central nervous system, the exact site of action of chlorpromazine has not been determined. It is quite likely that chorpromazine acts on many different potions of the brain. The hypotensive effects of chlorpromazine have long been recognized. Chlorpromazine can lower the arterial blood pressure through its adreneric blocking activity. Chlorpromazine inhibit the actions of epinephrine and noreponephrine on the blood pressure and can cause epinephrine reversal. Since chlorpromazine is known to act in a complex manner on the central nervous system, a central mechanism as one component of its hypotensive effect has been postulated by many workers. Depression of the resomotor center by chlorpromazine has been suggested by a number of investigators. Tangri and Bhargava posturlated that both the hypothalamic and the medullary vasomotor areas were depressed by chlopromazine. Bradley believes that chlopromaxeine has a selective action on the sensory inflow into the reticular formation from afferent pathways and he and his colldagues have investigated this action at the neuronal level. It is known that some kind of reciprocal influence exists between the amygdala and the brain stem and also that this influence is probably inhibitory. An interference with this reciprocal relationship could result in a "release" effect and account for the increased activity of the amygdala and hippocampus following administration of chlorpromazine and also for the seizures originating in these regions. In the study here reported, the effects of chlorpromazine on blood pressure was
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小兒의 結核에 對한 免疫性과 그 年令的 差異 : 特히 髓液의 結核菌發育抑制能力
李國柱,姜元子,金相協 서울대학교 1958 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.7 No.-
The serum and spinal fluid of nontuberculous and tuberculous meningitis patients were investigated on the inhibitory action against the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis before and after the administration of the antibioties. Spinal fluid and blood samples were taken from 15 patients with tuberculous meningitis, 3 cases of adult pulmonary tuberculosis and Ⅰ case of miliary tuberculosis aging from 7 month to 38 year and from nontuberculous patients with age ranging from 3 month to 29 year before and at 1, 2, 3, 4, hour intervals after antibiotics administration. The applied antibiotics treatment were: Streptomycin 50 ㎎ per kilogram of body weight daily, intramuscularly, INAH 10 ㎎, PAS 0.2 g per kilogram of body weight daily, orally. The result were as follows: 1. The spinal fluid specimens taken from nontuberculous patients did not show any inhibitory action against the growth of tubercle bacilli.
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李國柱,金相協 서울대학교 1966 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.17 No.-
Despite the fact that much is known about fever from the clinical point of view, the mechanisms responsible for this important physiological disturabance are poorly understood. Moreover, the central site of body temperature regulation has not yet been clearly defined. The role of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation was investigated by Ranson and his colleagues prior to 1940. Attempts at elucidation of the central mechanism of the body temperature have been concerned mainly with effects of lesions in the nervous system on responses to body temperature. Direct application of heat. cold or drugs to the region of the caudate nucleus affected the body temperature markedly by Barbour and Wing. Richt observed the rise of temperature by puncture of the corpora striata of rabbits. Isenschmidt & Krehl, Leschke believed that the midbrain is the heat regulating center. Feldberg & Meyer showed findings that the three amines which are present in relatively high concentrations in the hypothalamus play a role in the hypothalamic regulation of body temperature. Currently idea on the subject by Sheth & Borison is that bacterial lipopolysaccharide probably acts on receptor sites at various levels in the central nervous system. This investigation was performed in order to characterize the fever response to mouse typhoid vaccine to the various parts of the central nervous syetem by direct application and to shed light on the mechanism of body temperature regulation. This study was performed on white Korean male rabbits weighing 1.8㎏. The animals were fixed by stereotaxic apparatus and were injected bilaterally 0.1㏄. of mouse typhoid vaccine. Injection needle was No. 30 gauze needle and rectal temperature were recorded. We tried to reduce rabbit tension during body temperature record as much as possible. The results were as follows
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