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윤정환 ( Jeong Hwan Youn ),최준석 ( Joon Seok Choi ),강홍규 ( Hong Kyu Kang ),손영민 ( Young Min Son ),백진옥 ( Jin Ok Baek ),노주영 ( Joo Young Roh ),이종록 ( Jong Rok Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2011 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.49 No.9
Sweet syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is characterized by abrupt onset of fever, leucocytosis, and tender erythematous nodules or plaques that respond to systemic corticosteroids. It occurs most commonly in middle aged women and is rare in children. We report a 2-year-old boy with Sweet syndrome who had fever, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and presented with erythematous maculopapules with tiny pustules over the whole body. Additionally he had an antecedent infection. Our evaluation and long term follow-up of this child failed to reveal evidence of an underlying malignancy or a chronic systemic illness. (Korean J Dermatol 2011;49(9):850~852)
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근치적인 수술 이후 조기 재발하였으나 서로 다른 예후를 보인 간세포암종 2예
조영윤 ( Young Youn Cho ),이정훈 ( Jeong Hoon Lee ),이남준 ( Nam Joon Yi ),이광웅 ( Kwang Woong Lee ),서경석 ( Kyung Suk Suh ),김윤준 ( Yoon Jun Kim ),윤정환 ( Jung Hwan Yoon ) 대한간암학회 2015 대한간암학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has poor prognosis, even after curative resection. Earlyrecurrence after curative treatment is a major cause of the poor prognosis. Pathologic factors such as vessel invasion, satellite nodule, size of tumor and pathologic grade are prognostic factors predicting early recurrence and poor prognosis. We share our experience of two cases which both showed early recurrence after curative hepatic resection, but eventually demonstrated different prognosis. Since the most common cause of death after potentially curative treatment is tumor recurrence, suppression of tumor recurrence might be linked to survival gain. Currently, there is no adjuvant therapy for HCC endorsed by international guidelines. However, recent studies have shown that antiviral treatment for hepatitis B virusrelated HCC and immunotherapy using autologous cytokine-induced killer cell reduced HCC recurrence. Further study is needed to select patients who will benefit from adjuvant treatments. (J Liver Cancer 2015;15:126-131)
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尹正煥 창원대학교 사회과학연구소 1995 사회과학연구 Vol.1 No.-
Puntive damages are assessed in addition to compensatory damages to punish the defendant for the commission of an aggravated or outrageous act of misconduct and to deter him and others from such conduct in the future. In Korea, the measure of recovery in all civil cases is compensation for the injury sustained. Thus, punitive damages as part of the civil liability are not allowed by the statute. None the less, The court may be face with the stigma of the punitive damages problem in respect of enforcement of foreign judgments involving punitive damages award. Recently the U.S. Court has been asked on several occasions to clarfy constituional issues surrounding punitive damages. The constitutional objection to punitive damages receiving the most attention recently is that punitive damages violate the clause relating to excessive fines. The United States Constitution Eighth Amendment provies: "Excessive bail shall not he required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted." The Eighth Amendment has never been employed by the United States Supreme Court to ascertain the excessiveness of a fine. Its main use has been in criminal cases, to examine whether a punishment is cruel and unusual, or proportional to the crime for which it has been imposed. Thus, the Court refused to apply the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishments in a civil case. The second and more complex set of constitutional challenges to punitive damages come under the due process clause of the fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. The process for imposing a punitive damages sanction is so lacking as to deny defendants the due process guaranteed by the fifth and fourteenth amendments. But, the court held that the fifth and Fourteenth Amendments do not apply to punitive damages awards in cases between private parties. Punitive damages are not distinctly criminal penalties. In punitive damages cases a defendant does not face incarceration, the most distincitve attribute of criminal sanctions. There are a number of other constitutional challenges which might be made. The defendant, for example, challenged the constitutionality of the punitive damages award under the contract clause. Another commentator has listed a number of additional constitutional challenges, including challenges for double jeopardy, equal protection and right to privacy. The Court did not reviw the challenges, saying they were improperly raised. It is likely that lower court rulings on the constitutionality of punitive damages will become relatively common and that eventually the U.S. Supreme Court itself will rule on the constitutionality of punitive damages. None the less, the more challenges that are placed before the courts, the more likely it is that definition of the limits of punitive damages will be emerging, first from the states and ultimately from the Supreme Court.
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周昌福,尹晶煥 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.2
본 논문에서는 축소형 하이브릿드 결합기를 사용한 새로운 형태의 아날로그 이상기를 제시하였다. 전송선로의 등가화 회로해석의 결과 얻게된 축소 이론에 의해 기존의 ??전송선에 의해 구성되는 하이브릿드 결합기의 회로 레이아웃 면적을 80%로 줄일수 있다. 이러한 축소형 하이브릿드 결합기를 사용한 이상기의 동작특성은 기존의 하이브릿드 결합기를 사용한 이상기와 비교할때 작은 위상제어전압의 범위에서 선형 동작범위가 보다 크게 되며 광대역의 주파수 범위에서 보다적은 위상오차특성을 보인다. In this paper, a new type analog phase shifter using the reduced-size quadrature branch-line hybrid coupler is suggested and its operating characteristics are compared to the phase shifter using the existing ?? quadrature branch-line hybrid coupler. Using the reduced-size quadrature branch-line hybrid coupler, fabrication area can be reduced by 80% compare to the phase shifter using the existing ?? quadrature branch-line hybrid coupler. This suggested phase shifter showed linear phase shifting characteristics from 0°to 195°in the control voltage range of 0[v] ∼ -5[v], and its insertion loss is a little high but phase difference error is decreased much that of the phase shifter using the ?? quadrature branch-line hybrid coupler.
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