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Hybridity of Ghanaian Popular Music
YUN, Seo-young(윤서영) 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2015 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.37 No.-
가나 대중음악의 한 장르인 힙라이프(hiplife)는 가나의 젊은이들 사이에서 유행하는 음악이다. 이것은 젊은이들이 주축이 되어 1980년대까지 유행하던 하이라이프(highlife) 음악에 서구의 힙합(hip-hop)을 차용하여 혼합한 것으로서 1990년대에 들어 본격적으로 발전하기 시작하였다. 따라서 힙라이프는 가나의 전통음악과 서구의 대중음악의 혼합물이라고 할 수 있다. 한 사회 내에는 항상 중심과 주변 혹은 기득권층과 비기득권층이 존재하기 마련이다. 시대가 변화하고 포스트모더니즘 시대가 도래하였다고는 하나 주체의 지배와 정복은 계속되고 있으며 가나도 예외는 아니다. 따라서 중심에 대한 주변부의 도전과 해체가 일어나고 있으며 다른 곳과 마찬가지로 가나에서도 대중문화를 통해, 그리고 젊은이들이 중심이 되어 그 중심을 해체하고자 한다. 그리고 그들의 무기는 바로 혼종성이다. 본고에서는 가나 대중음악의 하나인 힙라이프 음악을 들뢰즈가 제시한 개념에 맞추어 분석함으로써 그것의 혼종성을 분석한다. 이 힙라이프의 혼종적 성격은 결국에는 주변의 중심에 대한 저항이자 그 이분법적 경계를 가로지르는 가나 젊은이들의 탈주와 그를 바탕으로 한 탈영토화된 영역임을 밝히고자 한다. Hiplife, a genre of pop music from Ghana that began to develop in the 1990s, is now a growing trend in that country. It is a mixture of highlife music, which gained popularity among young Ghanaians in the 1980s, and hip-hop music borrowed from Western culture. In other words, hiplife is a combination of Ghana’s traditional music and Western pop music. In any given society there will always be the establishment (or the center) and the underclass (or the fringes). Conquest and governance continue around the world, regardless of the changing times and the advent of postmodernism, and Ghana is no exception to this rule. In Ghana, as elsewhere, young people challenge and attempt to break the upper class through popular culture. The key to this challenge is “hybridity”. This paper researches the hybridity of hiplife music based on a concept of Gilles Deleuze. It also examines the hybrid characteristic of this music, which is a means of defying the upper class, and was created as a deterritorialization area based on young Ghanaians’ desire to escape from dichotomous boundaries.
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윤서영(Yun, Seo-Young) 한국아프리카학회 2017 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.50 No.-
오늘날 활발하게 진행되고 있는 세계화는 정치, 경제적 문제가 복잡하게 얽힌 서구 강대국들의 제국주의의 연장선상일 뿐이며, 이는 문화적 측면에 있어서도 예외는 아니다. 이로 인해 문화 제국주의라는 용어가 등장하고, 전 세계의 문화가 획일화되고 있다는 우려와 비판의 목소리가 커지고 있다. 이에 더해 자본의 영향력은 문화로까지 확대되어 모든 문화적 가치들을 그것의 영향력 아래 두고 있다. 이러한 현상은 대중문화 그 중에서도 대중음악에서 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 가나의 대중음악인 힙라이프 음악은 미국의 힙합과 마찬가지로 가나 청년들의 사회에 대한 불만이 원동력이 되어 탄생하게 된 음악이다. 힙합에 가나의 전통음악인 하이라이프 음악이 혼성되어 창조된 이 가나 식 힙합 음악은 초기에는 청년들의 사회에 대한 불만, 사회의 여러 문제점들을 흥겨운 리듬에 담아내며 그들끼리 사회의 문제들을 공유하고 해결책을 모색하기 위해 시작되었다. 그러나 시간이 흐를수록 레이블들 및 뮤지션들이 상업화됨에 따라 그들의 노래는 사회비판적인 내용보다는 화려한 볼거리 등을 앞세우며 초심을 잃고 자본의 영향력 아래로 들어가는 듯 보인다. 본고에서는 힙합 음악과 가나 전통음악이 혼합되어 만들어진 힙라이프 음악을 세계화의 결과물 즉 문화제국주의의 결과물이 아닌, 글로컬라이제이션의 결과임을 들뢰즈의 이론과 개념을 통해 살펴본다. This is the age of cultural capital. Culture converges into capital and the capital is expanded and reproduced by culture. A phenomenon commonly discovered in analyzing various areas of culture industry in terms of a topic of cultural capital is a monopolization of cultural capital. This fact can be easily discovered especially in popular music among several areas of popular culture such as movies, dramas and novels. Cases such as the incorporation of popular music into communication capital, the organization of entertainment markets by idol pop and the mergers and acquisitions of new media markets all converge into the logic of monopoly. This phenomenon probably is not occurring only in Korea but also occurring in popular music of Ghana, especially in hiplife music recently prevalent among young people. Hiplife music, as deterritorialized music, is another area that Ghanaian young people have newly built drawing lines of flight. Firm beliefs of Ghanaian young people at the time when they drew lines of flight seem to lose their meanings because of the logic of capital, now, 20 years after that time. Hegemony working connected with capital has already made young people themselves get bored of hiplife music. This situation corresponds to the problems which Adorno and Horkheimer raised criticizing popular culture before, which is clouding the future of hiplife music. Therefore, this paper intends to connect the crisis of hiplife music, that is, the situation and problem of hiplife music with the culture industry presented by Adorno, and to review it. Then, this paper also intends to mention the future of hiplife music characterized by hybridity by reviewing what meaning hiplife music actually has for Ghanaian young people, whether they themselves have a sense of crisis and, if so, what they are doing to tackle it by using concept and theory of Deleuze.
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유아교사 민감성이 유아 정서지능에 미치는 영향: 교사효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로
윤서영 ( Yun Seoyoung ),서소정 ( Seo Sojung ) 한국유아교육학회 2021 유아교육연구 Vol.41 No.1
본 연구는 유아 정서지능에 영향을 미치는 유아교사 민감성과 교사효능감의 영향력을 규명하고, 나아가 유아교사 민감성과 유아 정서지능 간의 관계에서 교사효능감의 매개효과를 검증해보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 서울, 경기 소재 어린이집과 유치원에 근무하는 만3, 4, 5세 담당 유아교사-유아 174쌍으로 선정하였다. 교사용 설문지를 통해 유아교사 민감성(동료교사 평정)과 교사효능감(자기보고식)에 관한 자료를 수집하였으며, 유아 정서지능은 담임교사에 의해 평정되었다. 수집된 자료의 통계분석을 위해 SPSS 23.0을 사용하여 기술통계분석, 상관분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석과 교사효능감의 매개역할 검증을 위한 일련의 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아 정서지능, 유아교사 민감성 그리고 교사효능감 간에는 유의한 정적 상관이 나타났다. 둘째, 유아의 성별과 연령, 교사효능감은 유아 정서지능에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아교사 민감성이 유아 정서지능에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 교사효능감은 부분매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 연구결과에 기초하여 향후 관련 연구 및 유아교육 실제에 관한 함의를 제시하였다. The primary purpose of this study was to identify significant factors that predict preschool children’s emotional intelligence. Furthermore, this study investigated whether teacher’s teaching efficacy mediated the relationship between teacher’s sensitivity and children’s emotional intelligence. The study participants included teacher-child(aged three to five) dyads (N=174) from kindergartens and child care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea. The children’s emotional intelligence and teacher’s teaching efficacy were measured by the participating teachers. The levels of teacher’s sensitivity were measured by coworkers or colleagues of the same workplace. The main results of this study were as follows. First, children’s emotional intelligence, teacher’s sensitivity and teacher’s teaching efficacy were significantly related. In a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses, child’s age and gender, and teacher’s teaching efficacy were found to be significant predictors of children’s emotional intelligence. Also, teacher’s teaching efficacy was shown to partially mediate in the relationship between teacher’s sensitivity and children’s emotional intelligence. Implications for future research and practice were provided, along with main results of this study.
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윤서영(Yun, Seo-young) 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2013 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.33 No.-
As a literary journal published annually in Kenya, kwani? is distinct in its format and content from other journals. Away from the standardized frame of other literary journals, this journal runs various works in different genres to help readers experience novelty and creative artistry. Moreover, in terms of content, it deals with political and social issues facing the Kenyan society as well as authors" individual agonies. By doing so, kwani? serves as an alternative and a tool for Kenyan people who are weary of various problems facing them in reality but cannot find a way to make their voices heard. This literary group uses sheng as a way to achieve this. The young express their own culture by altering the language of the majority and furthermore actively spread their ideas through a tool of literary journal. In the process, they create their own culture for a new and creative future by destroying the existing literary format and introducing new one. In this respect, such an effort of the young Kenyans may be considered political as it represents the voices of the political, ethnic (tribal), social and cultural minorities. And kwani? shows and supports their efforts. It accords with the deterritorialization of language, political nature, and collective assemblages of locutionary acts asserted in a minor literature. In this paper, kwani? that attempts to subvert format and order is defined as a minor literature claimed by Deleuze and Guattari.
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윤서영(Yun, Seo-young) 한국아프리카학회 2013 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.38 No.-
This study integrated the influence and acceptance of external culture (literature) in Hausa literature with social and cultural contexts for understanding, and moreover examined them in the perspective of comparative literature. The question of influence and acceptance is a crucial research subject in comparative literature. This is due to the fact that the essence of comparative literature is to compare and study two cultures or works with different languages or two or more authors. This study goes beyond applying the existing research methodology of general literature about the aspect of aforementioned cultural (literary) combination of Hausa modern novels. By attempting research in the perspective of comparative literature that focuses on influence and acceptance, this study can concentrate more on covering the issue of influence and acceptance that inevitably accompanies the inflow of external culture (literature). The first Hausa novel was created due to the inflow of the Western colonial power and the effort of the British colonial officials to introduce Western novels. In the process, the Hausa literary artists who were not familiar with the techniques of the Western literature wrote novels depending on the most similar technique of Tatsuniya. Thus, the frame of fiction, which is a genre of Western literature, was combined with the elements of Hausa folktale, creating a new form of writing. This went through the periodical changes development, and finally settled as Hausa modern novel with complete form and content from mid-1980s. Cultural combination due to the inflow and acceptance of external culture is a reasonable and natural phenomenon in cultural and literary aspects. This study examined the environment as well as historical and social background of Hausa literature, not just studying literary works or authors based on the perspective of comparative literature. It consequently introduced the development process of Hausa modern literature as the receiver. This breaks away from the tendency of giving superiority to the sender in the existing comparative literature and positions sender and receiver in an equal footing. It showed that comparison on equal terms instead of comparison of dominance can be done between sender and receiver by examining the development process of the sender Hausa modern literature.
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최윤정(Yun Jung Choi),윤서영(Seo Young Yoon),최지영(Ji Young Choi),우태선(Tae Seon Woo),손건호(Kun Ho Son),이용수(Yong Soo Lee),정재훈(Jae Hoon Cheong) 대한약학회 2011 약학회지 Vol.55 No.3
The aim of this study is to evaluate the sedative effects of ethanol extract and the three major constituents of Cimicifugae Rhizoma. They decreased locomotor activity significantly, and enhanced sleeping duration induced by thiopental sodium. The ethanol extract of Cimicifugae rhizoma and 24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside (24-epi.) increased the Cl- influx into the intracellular area of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells significantly. The present results demonstrate that the sedative effects of Cimicifugae rhizoma are mediated via the GABA-gated Cl- channel, partly by 24-epi.
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