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유순주(Soon Ju Yu),천세억(Se Uk Cheon),윤영삼(Young Sam Yoon),황종연(Jong Yeon Hwang),한의정(Eui Jung Han),유재근(Jae Keun Ryu) 한국물환경학회 1999 한국물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.4
Bloom-forming cyanobacteria are commonly observed in eutrophic water bodies and pose a serious water quality problem because of the potent toxins that they often produce. The most commonly reported toxins are the hepatotoxins the largest group being heptapeptides, known as microcystins. It is known that microcystins are produced within the cyanobacterial cell and become free in the water column after cell lysis. It is therefore important not only to develop a rapid method of analysis but also to provide a mean of assessing intracellunar levels of toxins in addition to those free in water. The filtered water the cell were subjected to trace enrichment using a C_(18) solid-phase extraction disk and cartridge, followed by identification and determination by photodiode-array high performance liquid chromatography. Recoveries of microcystin-RR, YR, LR in ultra pure water were found to be good when spiked with concentrations as low as 1㎍/l. The linearity and precision of the experimental procedure were assessed for these microcystins. The procedures were assessed using water and the cell sampled in Daecheong reservoir where has been observed water blooming in summer seasons.
유순주 ( Soon Ju Yu ),박상민 ( Sang Min Park ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ),박수정 ( Su Jeong Park ),염익태 ( Ick Tae Yeom ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Domestic sewage contains increasingly more pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to rising use of medicines, health supplement food and daily necessities. And various types of industrial wastewater from pollution sources in treatment areas could flow into the public sewerage treatment plants (PSTPs) in metropolitan areas. The conventional PSTPs are designed to treat suspended solids, biodegradable organics, nitrogen and phosphorous from residential and industrial areas and public facilities. However, toxic, conventional, and non-coventional pollutants from non-domestic sources that discharge into sewer system as well as domestic source with various chemicals could not be treated in the conventional PSTPs and discharged untreated to public basin. In this paper we aim to consider the establishment system of effluent standard of PSTPs in comparison with water quality standard of water environment and wastewater discharge regulation. And also we suggest the necessity of regulations on the pretreatment of industrial wastewater as part of efforts to improve water quality in sewerage systems and to protect public basin.
유순주 ( Yu Soon-ju ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2017 역사학연구 Vol.65 No.-
크리스트교가 공인(313)된 이후 로마제국은 황제의 주관아래 동·서로마교회의 에큐메니칼(Ecumenical) 공의회(1-4차)를 개최하였다. 크리스트교의 보호자요 후원자로 자처하던 황제의 주관 하에 개최되었던 이 공의회에서 `삼위일체 신(Trinitarian God)`에 관한 논쟁이있었는데 1, 2차 공의회에서는 그리스도의 신성에 관한 논쟁이, 3, 4차 공의회에서 그리스도의 인성에 관한 논쟁이 전개되었다. 그리고 회의 결과 그리스도는 성부와 동일본질이며, 그리스도의 한 인격 안에서 `신성과 인성이 혼합·변함·나뉨·분리 없이 연합되었다`는 크리스트교의 정통신조가 확립되었다. 그리고 이러한 신조로 인해 제국내 수많은 그리스도인들이 그들의 신앙의 표준과 그들의 내세의 삶에 대한 소망을 분명히 할 수 있었다. 1-4차 에큐메니칼 공의회(325-451)가 개최되던 시기에 로마는 외부적으로 변방의 게르만족의 침략에 시달리던 시대였으며, 내부적으로 황제의 권력이 불안정한 시대였다. 이러한 시대적 상황은 제국의 황제들이 크리스트교의 공의회를 소집했던 것이 단순히 크리스트교의 교의적인 문제를 해결하고자 한것이 아닌 또 다른 목적 즉 제국의 황제가 보편 군주권을 확립하여 자신의 제국을 보편제국으로 세우려는 목적이 더 중요하게 자리 잡고 있음을 알게 한다. 이러한 상황은 1, 2차 공의회에서는 그리스도는 신성 면에서 성부와 동일본질이라는 것이 채택되고 정통신조로 확립되었음에도 불구하고 정작 공의회(1차)를 소집했던 콘스탄티누스 황제는 유사본질을 주장했던 아리우스주의자를 자신의 종교고문으로 기용하여 50년간 아리우스주의자들이 득세하게 하는 모순적 행동을 하는 데서도 살펴볼 수 있다. 콘스탄티우스 황제는 성자가 성부보다 신성 면에서 약간은 못하다는 아리우스주의가 황제인 자신을 권위를 정점으로 보편 군주권 확립에 도움이 된다고 생각했다. 같은 원리로 3, 4차공의회에서는 그리스도의 한 인격 안에 신성과 인성이 혼합·변함·나뉨·분리 없이 연합되어 있다는 것이 정통신조로 채택되었는데 이는 제국이 어떠한 이유로든 나뉘어져서는 안 되는 보편제국으로 존재해야 한다는 테오도시우스 2세의 통치논리에 도움이 되었다. 공의회의 신조가 확립된 지 25년 만에 서로마는 게르만족들에 의해 붕괴되었으며, 동로마의 동쪽 지역의 단성론자들은 정죄되어 제국에 대한 충성심을 잃어가게 되었고 수많은 네스토리안들은 페르시아로 이주했다. 크리스트교의 1-4차 공의회는 크리스트교의 진리의 정통성을 확보하였다. 그러나 공의회를 통해 황제의 권력을 강화하고 보편제국에서의 황제의 위상을 신성화시키고자 했던 황제들의 의도는 실패했다. 그리고 이러한 실패의 역사는 중세시대에 또다시 계속적으로 반복되었다. 역사는 정치권력이 종교를 이용하여 자신들의 권력의 정당성을 확보하고자 할 때 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 없다는 것을 알게 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 세속의 정치권력은 자신들의 권력의 정당성을 확보하기 위해 항상 종교를 이용하고자 하는 유혹을 받는다. 그러나 종교는 진리 그 자체에 헌신된 사람들로 인해 결코 정치 권력자들의 권력을 정당화시켜주는 도구로 사용되지 않음을 보여준다. After the official recognition of Christianity(313), Roman Empire had Ecumenical conference of East-west Roman Church under the control of Emperor. The controversy about Trinitarian God was in the conference under the control of Emperor. who was himself the protector and sponsor of christianity. The dispute concerning the Deity of Christ was developed from the first to the second conference. The contention about the human nature of christ was unfolded in the third and the fourth conference. as the result of conference the orthodoxy of Christianity was established. That`s just the thing that christ was the same essence for Holy Father, in one character of christ the Deity and human nature were united incon fusedly, unchangedly, invisibly, inseparably. And due to this orthodoxy, so many christians in the Roman Empire can make it clear tho fulfill their standard of faith and the desire of their life of the world to come. During the period of Ecumenical conference held, Roman Empire was troubled with German invading on the outside in that time and on the inside, the power of Roman Empire was unstable in the period. In such a situation of epoch we come to know that for Empire emperor, the most important thing is they establish universal power of sovereign and build up their Empire into universal empire. they didn`t simply want only to solve doctrine problem. in such a situation, in the first and the second council, christ was adopted the same essence for the Father in the sacredness. Despite the established orthodoxy, Constantine the Great Who called the primary council and appointed the Arian, who asserted the similar essence. And then, fifty years, the Arian, gain power, and that is a contradictory action. Constantine the Great thought that the Son is somewhat inferior to the Father in the sacredness, that is, the Arian is helpful to the establishment of universal sovereign system and he himself is the peak of prestige. As the same principle, in the third and the fourth council, Deity of christ and human nature are united, inconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably in one character of christ, that is adopted as orthodoxy Creed. And this is helpful to the logic of ruling of Emperor TheodosiusⅡ. Twenty five years have passed since the West Roman was collapsed by Germanic people and Monophysite of the east area of East Roman Empire are condemned. Therefore they lost a sense of loyalty and numerous Nestorians moved to Persia. From the first tho the fourth of Principle of council ensured the legitimacy of the truth of christianity. however Roman emperors tried to tighten their power by the council and hold their prestige to be sacred in the universal empire. But the intentions of the emperors failed. And the history of these failure is constantly repeated again in the Middle Ages. But we come to know history shows us that by using religion, legitimacy of their power to ensure didn`t acquire good results. Nevertheless, These efforts to ensure the legitimacy of political power of the world always tempted to use religion. But religion is by no means used as a tool by a man of political power. Because there are many people who are dedicated to the truth of religion itself.