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농작업자의 보호장비 착용 수준에 따른 농약 노출량 저감 영향
이슬(Seul Lee),백민경(Min-Kyoung Paik),이명지(Myung-Ji Lee),신현수(Hyunsu Shin),정미혜(Mihye Jeong),오진아(Jin-A Oh),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong) 한국농약과학회 2019 농약과학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Pesticide exposure of agricultural workers on agricultural sites may depend on many factors such as working environment, spraying equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE). This study was investigated to identify the effect of PPE types in pesticide formulation type and spraying equipment during the mixing and application step on the theoretical pesticide exposure of the agricultural workers calculated using Korean Pesticide Operator Exposure Model (KoPOEM). For the evaluation of the same conditions, the application of leaf spray of 20% content and 2000 times diluted for tebuconazole were simulated. The results showed that the most effective PPE to reduce the pesticide exposure during the mixing step for agricultural workers when using SS was gloves, followed by respiratory facial protection (RFP). The effects of reducing pesticide exposure among the level of wearing PPE in the mixing step were ’Gloves and RFP’ > Gloves > RFP. When using MS, the exposure was greatly reduced even with PPE gloves during the mixing and application step. In particular, the reductive effect of pesticide exposure when wearing gloves and RFP at the same time during the mixing step was higher than other degrees of PPE level. And as the type of RFP does not appear to have a significant effect, it is recommended that agricultural workers wear RFP regardless of the type. In addition, when using MS, wearing gloves during the application step has a 1/3 reduction effect, and when wearing gloves and impermeable coveralls at the same time, the reduction effect is nearly 80%. Therefore, it is recommended for agricultural workers to wear impermeable coveralls. In the future, more practical suggestions on the wearing of PPE need to be conducted through field studies to confirm the pesticide reduction effect on the wearing of PPE in agricultural fields.
홍성화,이상목,고영관,오수명,장연수 대한외상학회 1999 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.12 No.2
Backgrounds : A total splenectomy was considered as the standard method to management of splenic injury. However, recently, splenic preservation has been emphasized because of the spleen ’s important immunologic function, especially in the young. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and the indications of non-operative management of traumatic splenic injury. Methods : The medical records of 52 patients who were managed for traumatic splenic injury between Jan. 1, 1990, and Jun. 30, 1999, were evaluated. The clinical manifestations, the mecha-nism of injury, the diagnostic method, the grade of injury, the initial management, the initial treatment mode, treatment course, and complications were investigated. Results : Thirty(30) patients were initially treated medically with transfusions and intensive monitoring. A delayed operation was required in 9 patients (30%) who suffered a severe splenic injury more than grade III. Twenty-one(21) of the 30 patients (70%) who suffered a splenic injury less than grade III were successfully managed non-operatively. Nineteen(19) of the 22 patients (86%) who required an initial operation suffered a severe splenic injury more than grade III. There were differences between the non-operative and the operative groups in transfusion amount (1.1 vs 6.5 pints) and in hospital stay (14.8 vs 30.9 days). Conclusions : Non-opeartive management of traumatic splenic injury will be successful in patients who are hemodynamically stable with adequate resuscitation and a small amount of transfusion and who have suffered injuries below grade III.