미용전공대학생들의 신체적 자기지각을 통한 미용대회 참여자신감 및 자기효능감이 미용몰입과 미용수행 만족에 미치는 영향

오강수(Gang Su Oh),김수민(Su Min Kim) 한국디자인문화학회 2015 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.21 No.2

이 연구는 미용전공대학생들의 미용대회 미용전공 대학생들이 신체적 자기지각 및 미용대회 참여자신감, 자기효능감을 통한 만족의 관계를 알아 보고 미용술에 대한 성취 및 수행 만족도를 파악하는데 이 연구의 목적이 있다. 이 연구를 진행하기 위한 측정도구로는 폭스와 코 빈의 신체적 자기지각 프로파일 20문항, 앨빈소르와 무어의 자신감 12문항, 반두라의 자기효능감 15문항, 권성호의 몰입 12문항, 김수겸의 수행만족을 측정하기 위한 3문항 등 63문항으로 사전 설문 조사 후, 수정·보완하였다. 분석프로그램으로는 SPSS ver 18.0을 사용하여 빈도분석 및 요인분석과 신뢰도 검증, 기술통계분석, 독립표본 t검증, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 미용대회는 29.5%가 참여하고 있었으며 측정변수에 대한 기술통계분석 결과, 신체적 자기지각에서는 미용자신감이 3.39, 연습지각, 체력지각 평균이 3.0 이상으로 나타났다. 미용대회참여자신감은 3.41, 자기효능감은 3.38, 미용몰입은 3.76, 미용만족은 3.39로 높은 편으로 나타나고 있다. 미용대회 참여여부에 따른 신체적 자기지각, 미용대회참여자신감, 자기효능감, 미용몰입, 미용만족에 대한 차이 분석 결과 신체적 자기지각, 연습지각, 미용대회 참여자신감, 미용몰입 등에서 미용대회를 참여한 집단이 참여하지 않은 집단보다 유의미한 높은 결과를 보여주고 있다. 신체적 자기지각이 미용대회참여자신감에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 미용자신감이 미용대회참여자신감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타 났다. 신체적 자기지각이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 미용자신감이 자기효능감 및 연습지각이 자기효능감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 미용대회참여자신감과 자기효능감이 미용만족에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 미용대회참여자신감 및 자기효능감이 미용만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 미용대회에 참여한 학생들은 참여하지 않는 학생들에 비해 신체적 자기지각, 연습지각 미용대회참여자신감, 미용몰입 등에서 좋은 결과를 보여주고 있었으며 자기자신감이 높을수록 미용대회참 여자신감에 정의 영향을 미치고 있었으며 자신감과 자기효능감이 높을수록 미용만족도 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 미용대회참여자신감의 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. Because beauty art has the limit to complete skills just by formal curriculum, the creative educational activities through nonformal education will increase educational satisfaction. To solve the problem, the beauty contest is held by organizations and colleges. The purpose of this study is to look into the relationship between beauty majoring college students`` physical self-perception, beauty contest take part confidence, self-efficacy and satisfaction, and figure out the achievement and performance satisfaction in beauty art. The questionnaire for conducting this study was composed of 63 questions such as 20 questions about Fox``s and Corbin``s physical self-perception profile, 12 questions about Albinsor``s and Moore``s confidence, 15 questions about Bandura``s self-efficacy, 12 questions about Gwon Sung-ho``s commitment, 3 questions about Kim Su-gyeom``s performance satisfaction. It was corrected and supplemented after a pre-survey had been carried out to 2-year and 4-year college students through random sampling. The SPSS ver 18.0 was used for data analysis. The frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were conducted to verify participation in beauty contest. The independent sample t-test was conducted to analyze the difference between physical self-perception, beauty contest take part confidence, self-efficacy, beauty commitment and beauty satisfaction by participation in beauty contest. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the causal relationship between variables. Analysis showed that 29.5% of those surveyed participated in beauty contest. For physical selfperception through descriptive statistical analysis, beauty confidence was 3.39. Practice perception and fitness perception were more than an average of 3.0. But beauty contest confidence, self-efficacy, beauty commitment and beauty satisfaction were higher by 3.41, 3.38, 3.76 and 3.39, respectively. For the difference between physical selfperception, beauty contest take part confidence, selfefficacy, beauty commitment and beauty satisfaction by participation in beauty contest, participation group was significantly higher than nonparticipation group in physical self-perception, practice perception, beauty contest take part confidence and beauty commitment. For the effect of physical self-perception on beauty contest confidence, beauty confidence had a positive effect on beauty contest take part confidence. For the effect of physical self-perception on self-efficacy, beauty confidence had a positive effect on self-efficacy. Practice perception also had a positive effect on self-efficacy. For the effect of beauty contest take part confidence and self-efficacy on beauty satisfaction, beauty contest take part confidence had a positive effect on beauty satisfaction. Self-efficacy also had a positive effect on beauty satisfaction. In other words, participation students did better than nonparticipation students in physical self-perception, practice perception, beauty contest take part confidence and beauty commitment. Higher self-confidence had a positive effect on beauty contest take part confidence. Higher confidence and self-efficacy increased beauty satisfaction. And beauty contest take part confidence had more effect on beauty satisfaction than confidence and self-efficacy.

춘향제 체험관광 프로그램 선호도 조사 및 미용문화체험관광이 관광만족에 미치는 영향

오강수(Gang Su Oh),오순숙(Sun Suk Oh) 한국디자인문화학회 2009 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.15 No.4

이 연구는 우리나라 지역 축제 중 가장 오래된 춘향제에서 관광객을 대상으로 축제 행사 프로그램 인식조사를 통한, 고전머리 재현전 및 페이스 페인팅이 체험관광에 미치는 만족도를 알아보고자 시도되었다. 미용문화체험 프로그램이 관광객의 체험관광에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지 알아봄으로써 미용문화체험을 관광상품화 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법은. 춘향제에서 관광객들을 대상으로 고전머리 체험 및 페이스페인팅 실시 후 전통 한복을 착복하고 무료 사진 촬영을 실시하여 "한국미용문화 연구소 카페"에서 관광객들의 체험 사진을 직접 다운로드 할 수 있도록 하였다. 행사 진행은 2009년 5월1일부터 5일까지였으며 분석은 SPSS v. 12.0 통계패키지 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 요인 분석 및 신뢰도 검증, 기술통계분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과로 관광객은 춘향선발대회 및 공연 등에 관심이 많고 고전머리재현이라는 미용체험프로그램 및 길거리이벤트에 많은 관심을 가지고 있었으며, 체험관광 프로그램 선호도는 전통문화를 재현하는 고전머리 및 민속놀이에 가장 많은 관심을 가지고 있었다. 춘향제 축제에 대한 태도 및 만족도는 평균 3.84점으로 비교적 높게 나타났으며 고전머리 체험/페이스페인팅 체험관광에 대한 만족도는 평균 4.05점으로 높게 나타났다. 축제, 고전머리 체험/페이스페인팅 만족도와 관광목적지의 브랜드 충성도간 높은 정(+)적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 브랜드 충성도와도 높은 정(+)적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고전머리 체험/페이스페인팅 만족도도 브랜드 충성도와 높은 정(+)적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 축제, 고전머리 체험/페이스페인팅 만족도가 관광목적지의 브랜드 충성도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타남을 볼 때 관광지에서의 미용문화 체험은 관광만족뿐 아니라 지역축제의 브랜드를 강화시키는 하나의 요인임을 알 수 있었다. This study was attempted to inquire into the satisfaction that a classic hair-representing exhibition and a face painting have an effect on the experience tourism, through a festival program perception survey on tourists in the oldest Chunhyang festival out of our local festivals. It aims at examining how a beauty culture experience program has an effect on tourists` experience tourism to develop the beauty culture experience as a tourism product. The study methods were made so that tourists can directly download their experience photos in "Cafe of the Institute for Korean Beauty Culture" by dressing them in traditional Korean clothes to take a free photograph after classic hair experience and face painting on them in Chunhyang festival. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliance-test, descriptives, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were made from May 1 to May 5, 2009 using SPSS v. 12.0. The results of this study showed that they have a great interest in the Chunhyang contest and performance, and a beauty experience program called the representation of classic hair and events on the street, and they have the greatest interest in a classic hair and a folk play representing traditional culture for the preference of experience tourism program. The attitude and satisfaction of Chunhyang festival were relatively high by 3.84 points on the average, and the satisfaction of classic hair/face painting experience tourism was high by 4.05 points. It showed that there is a significant positive correlation between festival, classic hair experience/face painting satisfaction and brand royalty of tourist destinations. Festival and classic hair experience/face painting satisfaction had a significant positive correlation with brand royalty. And classic hair experience/face painting satisfaction had a significant positive correlation with brand royalty. Considering that festival, classic hair experience/face painting satisfaction have a positive effect on brand royalty of tourist destinations, the experience of beauty culture in the tourist spot is a factor that not only satisfies tourism, but also strengthens brand of local festivals.

중국인의 화장품 구매 실태 및 태도

오강수(Gang Su Oh),류은주(Eun Ju Ryu) 한국디자인문화학회 2013 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.19 No.3

이 연구는 화장품 국가별 시장 규모를 알아보고 중국 화장품법과 화장품 종류에 대한 문헌 고찰 후 산동성, 길림성, 절강성에 거주하는 450여명을 대상으로 화장품 구매실태 및 태도가 지역에 따라 차이가 있는지 비교 분석한 연구이다. 연구 방법은 SPSS v. 17.0통계 패키지 프로그램을 활용하였으며 사후검정 방법으로는 Duncan test를 실시하였다. 조사대상자의 인구통계학적 특성은 빈도분석을 실시하였으며 화장품구매실태 및 태도를 알아보고, 거주지역에 따라 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 교차분석, 일원변량분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 설문지 구성은 화장품 구매실태 문항 4문항, 화장품 구매태도 문항 5문항 등 총 9문항으로 구성하였으며 420부의 유효한 설문지를 분석 대상으로 선정하였다. 공간적 범위는 중국 내 산동성, 길림성, 절강성이었으며 시간적 범위는 2012년 12월 20일부터 2013년 3월 9일까지 80일간이었다. 조사대상자의 빈도분석 결과 거주지역은 산동성179명(42.6%), 길림성 160명(38.1%), 절강성 81명(19.3%) 순으로 나타났고, 성별은 남성 102명(24.3%),여성 318명(75.7%)으로 나타났다. 연령은 20~29세238명(56.7%), 30~39세 110명(26.2%), 40세 이상 72명(17.1%)으로 나타났고, 결혼여부는 미혼 245명(58.3%), 기혼 175명(41.7%)으로 나타났다. 직업은 학생 85명(20.2%), 정부기관 및 군부관련 53명(12.6%), 자영업51명(12.1%), 회사원, 건설업, 노동자 49명(11.7%), 판매 및 노동직 35명(8.3%), 성직자 및 기술직 34명(8.1%), 주부 31명(7.4%), 사업가 및 매니저 28명(6.7%), 프로페셔날(교수, 의사, 법률가 등) 20명(4.8%)순으로 나타났고, 월수입은 1500위엔 이하 96명(22.9%), 1500~3000위엔 118명(28.1%), 3000~5000위엔 135명(32.1%), 5000위엔 이상 71명(16.9%)으로 나타났다. 연구 결과 중국인은 화장품을 ‘피부보호’ 및 ‘미의추구’를 추구하기 위해 사용하고 있었으며 산동성과 절강성의 경우 길림성에 비해 상대적으로, 피부보호, 미의추구, 품위유지를 위한 화장품 사용이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 화장품 구입은 ‘본인의 사용경험’과 ‘미용전문가 의견’에 의한 순으로 나타났으며 화장품 구입의 중요요인에 대한 인식은 산동성에서 가장 높게 나타난 반면 절강성에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 제품 선택에 영향을 미치는 광고 매체는 ‘미용잡지, ‘옥외 광고, ‘TV 순이었으며, 길림성이나 산동성의 경우 제품 선택에 영향을 미치는 전반적인 광고 매체와 하위매체별 TV, 신문, 라디오, 미용잡지, 옥외 광고가 중요하다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 화장품 선택 시 중요요소는 ‘품질, ‘상표 및 제조회사, ‘가격, ‘광고 순이었으며, 산동성의 경우 상표 및 제조회사, 품질, 가격, 용기 및 포장에 대해 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 화장품 구매 습관은 ‘본인의 계획대로’ ‘판매원이 주는 대로, ‘값이 싼 것 순으로 나타났으며, 길림성이 산동성의 경우 판매원이 주는 대로 구매하는 습관이 많은 것으로 나타났고, 절강성이나 산동성의 경우본인의 계획대로 구매하는 습관이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 가장 많이 사용하는 화장품 브랜드를 분석한 결과 ‘국산 브랜드’가 86명, ‘프랑스 브랜드’ 57명, ‘한국브랜드’ 35명, ‘일본 브랜드’ 20명 순으로 나타났다. 외제 화장품을 사용하는 307명을 대상으로 외제 화장품을 사용하는 이유를 분석한 결과 ‘내 피부에 맞아서’,‘품질이 좋아서’, ‘타인의 추천’ 순으로 나타났으며, 절강성이나 산동성의 경우 품질이 좋아서 외제 화장품을 사용하는 것으로 나타났고, 길림성의 경우 다른 적당한 제품이 없어서, 가격 때문에 외제 화장품을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 중국 국산 브랜드를 사용하는 152명을 대상으로 외제 화장품을 사용하는 이유를 분석한 결과 ‘내 피부에 맞아서’, ‘품질이 좋아서’, ‘가격’, ‘향이 마음에 들어서’, 순으로 나타났다. 동일한 제품의 구매여부를 분석한 결과 ‘그 때 그 때 상황에 맞게 한다’, 계속 구매한다’ 순으로 나타났으며 길림성이나절강성의 상황에 따라 구매하고 있었으며 산동성의 경우 대체적으로 계속 구매하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉중국인은 피부를 보호하거나 미를 추구하기 위해 화장품을 사용하고 있었으며 화장품 구입은 본인의 사용경험과 미용전문가 의견에 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 제품 선택에 영향을 미치는 광고 매체는 미용잡지 및 옥외 광고였으며 화장품 선택 시 중요 요소는 품질로 나타났다. 화장품 구매 습관은 본인의 계획대로 자신의 피부타입에 맞는 중국산 및 프랑스산 혹은 한국산을 구입하는 것으로 나타났다. 중국 내 화장품 구매실태 및 태도가 지역에 따라 차이가 다르듯 각 개인이선호하는 화장품 선택이 기준이 다름을 인식하고 고객 행동패턴에 따른 제품 및 서비스 개발 등 감성을 중시하는 개별적 타겟마케팅이 필요함을 제안한다. This study made a comparative analysis of the difference in the cosmetics purchasing status and attitude according to residential areas after figuring out the size of the cosmetics market by country and inquiring into the Chinese Cosmetics Act and the literature on the type of Chinese cosmetics. To achieve this, a survey was carried out on 450 residents in Shandong, Jilin and Zhejiang provinces for 80 days through December 20, 2012 to March 9, 2013. The SPSS v. 17.0 statistical package program was used for data analysis. For post-hoc, the Duncan test was conducted. For demographic characteristics, the frequency analysis was conducted. To understand the cosmetics purchasing status and attitude, and the difference according residential areas, the cross-tabulation analysis and the one-way ANOVA were respectively conducted. A questionnaire was composed of total 9 questions such as 4 questions of cosmetics consumption status and 5 questions of cosmetics consumption attitude. The valid questionnaires of 420 copies were selected as analysis objects. The frequency analysis of those surveyed showed that for residential area, Shandong province was the highest by 179 persons(42.6%), followed by Jilin province by 160 persons(38.1%) and Zhejiang province by 81 persons(19.3%). For sex, men and women were 102 persons(24.3%) and 318 persons(75.7%), respectively. For age, age 20~29, 30~39, and over age 40 were 238 persons(56.7%), 110 persons(26.2%) and 72 persons(17.1%), respectively. For marriage, the unmarried and the married were 245 persons(58.3%) and 175 persons(41.7%), respectively. For occupation, students were the highest by 85 persons(20.2%), followed by those related to government agencies and the military by 53 persons(12.6%), the self-employed by 51 persons(12.1%), salaried workers, people in construction and laborers by 49 persons(11.7%), sale and labor staffs by 35 persons(8.3%), the clergy and tech workers by 34 persons(8.1%), housewives by 31 persons(7.4%), businessmen and managers by 28 persons(6.7%), and professionals(professors, doctors, lawyers, etc) by 20 persons(4.8%). For monthly income, under 1500 yuan, 1500~3000 yuan, 3000~5000 yuan and over 5000 yuan were 96 persons(22.9%), 118 persons(28.1%), 135 persons(32.1%) and 71 persons (16.9%), respectively. The study found that the Chinese were using cosmetics to pursue ‘skin protection’ and ‘beauty’, and residents in Shandong and Zhejiang provinces were relatively using more cosmetics for the protection of skin, the pursuit of beauty and the maintenance of dignity than those in Jilin province. For the purchase of cosmetics, ‘their own use experience’ was the highest, followed by ‘cosmeticians`` advice.` The awareness of important factors of cosmetics purchasing was the highest in Shandong province, while it was the lowest in Jilin province. For advertising media affecting the selection of cosmetics, ‘beauty magazine` was the highest, followed by ‘outdoor advertising’ and ‘TV.’ Residents in Jilin or Shandong provinces thought that general advertising media affecting the selecting of cosmetics, and TV, newspaper, radio, beauty magazine and outdoor advertising by sub-media were important. For important factors when selecting cosmetics, ‘quality’ was the highest, followed by ‘brand and manufacturer``, ‘price`` and ‘advertising``. Residents in Shandong province thought brand and manufacturer, quality, price, container and packing important. For cosmetics purchasing habits, ‘as they planed’ was the highest, followed by ‘as salespersons gave’ and ‘cheap one.’ Many residents in Jilin or Shandong provinces had a habit of purchasing cosmetics as salespersons gave, and many residents in Zhejiang or Shandong provinces had a habit of purchasing cosmetics as they planed. For the most use of cosmetics brand, ‘domestic brand’ was the highest by 86 persons, followed by ‘French brand’ by 57 persons, ‘Korean brand’ by 35 persons and ‘Japanese brand’ by 20 persons. For the reason why 307 reside

포유동물의 털 종류에 따른 형태적 모표피 차이 및 원소와 무기질 함유량

오강수(Gang Su Oh),류은주(Eun Ju Ryu) 한국디자인문화학회 2011 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.17 No.2

이 연구는 털 종류에 따른 표피의 형태 분석 및 털에 함유되어 있는 원소 및 무기질을 추출하여 개체간의 차이를 보고자 한다. 털 종류에 따른 표피 형태분석과 털에 함유된 원소 및 무기질을 분석, 비교 제시함으로서 각각의 털이 지닌 본질적인 구성요소들을 파악하고 미용학의 학문적 영역을 확대 재생산하는데 그 목적이 있다. 인간의 털, 양털 등을 현미경으로 찍어서 제시한 논문 등이 보고되고 있으나, 인간의 털중에서도 탈모 상태인 색조모(Pigmented Hair) 경모(Terminal Hair), 노화백모(Gray Hair), 새치백모(Poliosis), 연모(Lanugo Hair)화된 경모, 세모, 가슴털의 표피 및 무기질을 분석한 논문은 전무함을 알 수 있다. 또한 오랑우탄, 고릴라, 침팬지의 털 등의 표피와 무기질 함유량을 비교한 논문 역시 보고되지 않고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러할 때 포유동물 개체 간 털의 표피 및 무기질 함유량을 살펴보는 것은 털의 특성을 이해하는데 중요한 의미를 부여할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 인간과 유전적 구조가 비슷한 포유동물 중, 오랑우탄, 고릴라, 침팬지를 대상으로 형태학적 부분에서의 표피 및 무기질 원소를 비교하고자 하였다. 50대 남성형탈모 상태인 색조모, 경모, 노화백모, 연모화된 경모로서 세모, 가슴 털, 50대 남성 정상 색조모인 경모, 새치백모, 50대 여성 정상 색조모로서 경모, 새치백모, 오랑우탄의 여름털 및 겨울털 경모, 새끼 암컷오랑우탄 경모, 겨울 암컷 가슴털, 고릴라의 여름털 경모 및 백모, 고릴라의 겨울털 경모, 침팬지 수컷 겨울털 경모 및 솜털의 표피를 비교 분석하였다. 또한 이들 포유동물 털들의 C, N, O, S, C1, Ca, K 함유량을 비교 분석하였다. 시료 채취는 50대의 두 유형 남성과 여성 각각의 색조모, 백모를 채취하였다. 시료는 남성두발은 유전성탈모(Baldness)가 진행된 한 유형과 함께 나머지 유형은 가늘고 약간의 곱슬모(Wavy Hair)이며 여성모는 유전적이거나 탈모 유형과는 무관한 정상적인 직모(Straight Hair)로 화학적 처리나 열등으로 인해 손상되지 않은 정상모발(Virgin Hair)이다. 이는 두정부 내에서 직접 뽑았으며 모근부위와 연결된 모간 표면은 1㎝이내, 단면은 0.3㎝일정 길이로 절단하여 사용하였다. 대형유인원 모 채취 시료 털은 2008년 1월에서 9월까지 4차에 걸쳐 우리나라 동물원내에 사육중인 고릴라, 오랑우탄, 침팬지 등으로 우리 내에 빠져 흘러 있거나 직접 채취하였다. 저지대 고릴라는 68년생 수컷의 은색등과 69년 1월생 암컷, 오랑우탄 68년생 암컷과 13세 수컷과 6세, 3세의 암컷가슴 털, 침팬지는 암수의 성을 구별할 수 없는 우리 내에서 채취된 털로서 솜털과 정상상태 털 2종을 선별하여 모근과 모간 부위를 일정 길이로서 표면 1㎝, 단면 0.3㎝정도 절단하여 사용하였다. 연구방법은 주사전자현미경(Scanning Election Microscope, SEM, S4200, Japan, KBSI, Busan) 및 이온증착기(Ion-Sputter, JFC-1100, Japan)를 사용하였다. 각각의 시료는 수세하지 않고 질소액체 충전 30초후 단면 처리하여 스테이지에 카본테이프에 접착 샘플링으로 준비하여 25분 진공처리(Hotachi Scp-11, Japan) 후 주사전자현미경(Scanning Election Microscope, SEM, S4200, Japan, KBSI, Busan) 15kv 가속전압에서 관찰하였으며, 이온증착기(Ion-Sputter, JFC-1100, Japan)를 사용하여 금 또는 플레토륨 20㎜두께로 80초 도금하여 모발이나 털에 침착된 C, N, O, Ca, K. C1의 성분을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 에너지 분산 분광 분석기(EDS, Horida 6853-H, Japan, KBSI, Busan)로 가속전압 15㎸로 분석하였다. 연구결과 SEM상에서 볼 때 털 종류 간 모표피성 세포 간 겹침에 따른 팁 간과 세레이션이 조금씩 다를 뿐 형태를 갖는 문리는 동일한 형상을 갖는 것을 볼 수 있다. 특이 한 것은 남성의 노화 백모와 색치 백모에서 문리 형상이 보이지 않으나 여성의 색치 백모는 뚜렷한 문리가 나타났으며 외부환경으로부터 케어가 덜 된 유인원모는 수분과 유분이 부족하여 부스러지거나 들뜸현상이 심하게 나타난 것으로 보아 털의 관리 방법에 의해 표피의 상태가 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. C는 정상모 상태에서는 50대 남성과 여성에게서 비슷하게 검출되었으나 남성형 탈모 상태인 백모인 경우 현저하게 낮게 검출되었다(±10). N의 경우 역시 남성형 탈모 상태인 백모에서 ±14 정도 높게 나타나거나 새치인 경우 ±3 낮게 검출되었다. S량은 정상모와 새치모에서는 별 차이가 없으나 남성형 탈모 상태인 백모 에서는 현저하게 낮게 검출되었다. S는 이황화결합을 형성하는 주 원소로 폴리펩티드가 꼬이고 접혔을 때 그 구조를 안정화 시켜주는 역할을 한다. S량의 낮음은 화학적 시술 시 모발의 안정성이 떨어져 모발의 웨이브 유지력이 감소됨을 유추할 수 있으며 C 및 N 역시 경모 및 세모에 비해 안정적이지 못함을 볼 때 탈모 상태의 백모는 원자의 분배에서도 안정적이지 못함을 알 수 있다. Ca 역시 남성형 탈모상태인 백모에서만 검출되었다. 유인원 털간 C량은 겨울털에서, 암컷보다는 수컷에서, 백모보다는 색조모에서 높게 검출되었으며 N는 색조모보다 연모나 백모 쪽이 높게 검출되었으며 각 개체 간 편차가 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. S량은 인모와 마찬가지로 백모에서 가장 낮게 검출된 것으로 보아 인모와 마찬가지로 원자구조가 안정적이지 못함을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과 포유동물의 털이 가지고 있는 화학적 구조가 비슷하듯 표피의 상태 및 무기질 함유량 역시 비슷하게 나타남을 알 수 있었으나 남성형 탈모상태인 백모는 C, N, S, Ca의 검출이 정상모에 비해 불안정함을 알 수 있었다. 더불어 본래 털이 가지고 있는 표피의 형태학적 특성이 비슷하다 하더라도 본래의 특성보다는 생태체계론(Eocosystems)적 관점에서 털의 관리 방법에 의해 표피의 상태가 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. This study was designed to inquire into the difference between individuals through an analysis of epidermal shape and the extraction of elements and minerals, which mammals` hair contains, according to hair types. Papers that examine human`s hair and wool under a microscope are reported, but there are no papers analyzing hair loss condition-pigmented hair, terminal hair, gray hair, poliosis, lanugo hair-made terminal hair, very thin hair, epidermis and minerals of chest hair among human`s hair. Papers that compare epidermis and minerals contents of orangutan`s, gorilla`s and chimpanzee`s hair are not also reported. At such time, the inquiry into the epidermis and minerals contents of hair between mammals can give a significant meaning in understanding hair`s characteristics. This study was designed to compare epidermis and minerals elements in the morphological part on orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees of mammals it is similar in genetic constitution to human. It made a comparative analysis of vellus hair and chest hair as male-pattern hair loss conditions of men in their 50s, pigment hair, terminal hair, gray hair and terminal hair being lanugo hair, terminal hair and poliosis hair as normal pigment hair of men in their 50s, terminal hair and poliosis hair as normal pigment hair of women in their 50s, orangutans` terminal hair in the summer and winter, little female orangutans` terminal hair, female orangutans` chest hair in the winter, gorillas` terminal hair and gray hair in the summer, gorillas` terminal hair in the winter, male chimpanzees` terminal hair and vellus hair surface in the winter. Besides, it made a comparative analysis of C, N, O, S, C1, Ca and K content of these mammalia hair. Samples of pigmented hair and gray hair were taken from men and women in their 50s. For samples, male hair is thin and some wavy hair with a type of hereditary baldness. Female hair is normal straight hair unrelated to hereditary baldness and virgin hair undamaged by chemical treatment or heat. It was directly pulled out within parietal region. The surface and cross section of hair shaft linked to the hair root region was cut within 1㎝and in lengths of 0.3㎝, respectively. The samples of the great apes` hair were directly collected from orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees breeding in the zoo for 4 times from January to September, 2008. Or samples fallen in the pen was also collected. For gorillas in low-lying areas born in 1968 and in January, 1969, male hair of silver back and female hair were respectively collected. For orangutans born in 1968, female hair, male hair of 13-year-old, female chest hair of 6-and 3-year-old were collected. Chimpanzees` hair was collected in the pen which can`t distinguish between male and female sex. By selecting 2 types of downy hair and normal hair, the surface of hair root and hair shaft region was cut in lengths of 1 ㎝. And the cross section of hair root and hair shaft region was also cut in lengths of about 0.3㎝. Scanning election microscope(SEM, S4200, Japan, KBSI, Busan) and ion-Sputter(JFC-1100, Japan) were used for this study. Each samples were observed in 15kv acceleration voltage of scanning election microscope after Vaccum processing for 25 minutes by the handling method of cut surface in 30 minutes since liquid nitrogen charging without scouring and the preparation of adhesive sampling on the carbon tape in the stage, and the components of C, N, O, Ca, K and C1 embedded in hair or fur were inquired by the plating with gold or plathorium for 80 minutes to a thickness of 20㎜using ion-sputter. For this, the analysis was made by 15㎸acceleration voltage using energy distribution spectroscopic analyzer. This study showed that on the SEM, the tip variation and the serraction according to cuticle cell-lap between fur types vary just a little, but the morphological serrations have the identical shape. Unusually, male gray hair and poliosis hair did not show the serration shape, but female poliosis

미용경영자의 관계마케팅이 고객지향성에 미치는 영향

오강수 ( Gang Su Oh ),김명우 ( Myung Woo Kim ) 대한미용학회 2013 대한미용학회지 Vol.9 No.3

This study was to examine the influence of a beauty manager`s relationship marketing on customer orientation of inhabitants in the areas of Kyungnam and Busan. The order of customer orientation showed sympathy, reactivity, persuasion, trust, and corporeality. It also shows that in the improvement of customer`s corporeality, social strategy of beauty salon, restoration of relation-strategy, structural strategy and pricing strategy were important and in the improvement of customer`s trust, relationship marketing strategies such as restoration of relation-strategy and pricing strategy were important factors. In the improvement of customer`s persuasion, relationship marketing strategies such as pricing strategy were important and in the improvement customer`s reaction relationship, marketing strategies such as social strategy of beauty salon, restoration of relation-strategy and structural strategy were important factors. In the improvement customer`s sympathy, marketing strategies such as social strategy of beauty salon, restoration of relation-strategy, structural strategy and pricing strategy were important factors. The results also showed that customer in beauty salon had great interest in structural parts such as specialized service or parking lots and leisure place among relationship marketing strategy.

미용실 이용 고객의 PL법 인식 및 서비스 개선에 관한 연구

오강수 ( Gang Su Oh ) 한국미용학회 2008 한국미용학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of customers about product liability law and complain in association with compensation for damage that was on the increase in beauty industry. And it`s also meant to suggest how hairstylists should respond as professionals to dissatisfied customers. The subjects in this study were 350 customers who were in their 20s and up and resided in south and Jeollabukdo provinces. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 11.5 program. To check into the general characteristics of the customers investigated, statistical data on frequency and percentage were obtained, and x2-test, frequency analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to find out their awareness of product liability law for hairdressing services. It`s found that beauty parlors should pay close attention to haircut and hair permanent wave in conjunction with complain. There occurred lots of problems in those segments. Many of the customers and hairdressers weren`t well aware of product liability law, but 11.9 percent of the customers complained to superior authorities, which implied that the beauty industry should come up with more active and effective counseling methods. When the hairstylists provided service, they didn`t give customers full explanation about the possible output of the service and treatment process, and that fact justified the necessity of recording in the beauty industry. In other words, customers should be explained about the process and possible side effects of service to make their option. That is the best way for hairdressers to protect themselves against possible problem situations and lighten their liability.

한국 미용문화의 교류에 관한 연구1(구석기 시대부터 삼한까지)

오강수 ( Gang Su Oh ) 한국미용학회 2008 한국미용학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the exchange of beauty culture from the Old Stone Age to Samhan Era in an effort to find out what factors expedited the interchange and what characterized it. It`s ultimately meant to raise awareness about the function of interchange as one of factors giving change to beauty culture, and to have a better understanding of beauty culture in the future. A content analysis was utilized by doing research in or making an inductive case study of hair style in ancient tomb murals, relics, genre paintings and literature including ancient books and photographs, and the process of interchange was investigated in three stages spreading, selection and reinterpretation. Two different interchange factors were selected in this study forced and non-forced situations driven by unique political, economic, ethnic, artistic or religious elements. In terms of selection, how a new beauty culture was received in association with its fitness into existing culture or its necessity was taken into account, and two factors were eventually adopted functional reception and dysfunctional reception. As for reinterpretation, what results a new beauty culture produced after getting along with or being assimilated with existing culture was checked. As a result, there appeared the following elements to step up the exchange of beauty culture. In the Old Stone Age, firsthand and functional fusion took place in non-forced situations driven by economic factor. In the New Stone Age, firsthand and functional fusion occurred in non-forced situations marked by ethnic factor. In Gojoseon, firsthand and functional fusion took place through selective reception in forced situations driven by political element. In Buyeo, functional fusion happened in forced situations driven by political factor. In Samhan, there was firsthand and functional fusion in non-forced situations driven by ethnic element. Basically, Korean beauty culture was under the influence of China, but there occurred fusion in a manner to be appropriate for each age`s circumstances. The interchange was more facilitated by the development of the times, and was major part of driving force to change beauty culture.

미용문화 체험관광에 따른 관광만족에 관한 연구 -전통머리 재현 전시회 및 체험을 중심으로-

오강수 ( Gang Su Oh ),김명우 ( Myung Woo Kim ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.2

While the interest in tourism is growing thanks to economic growth and improvement of living standard, however, beauty art culture tour products are not enough. If they are developed with variety, it would be able to promote development of the tourism industry, to improve the quality of life of beauty art workers, and to have a chance to make the Korea`s beauty industry widely known throughout the world. Therefore, the study was made to see how the traditional hair exhibition held in Namwon, Chollabukdo and beauty art culture experiences effect tour satisfaction and willingness to experience in future. General characteristics of the survey respondents, experience of beauty art culture, satisfaction of culture experience, and willingness to experience again after the experience were surveyed by the questionnaire, from which the following findings were drawn out. Looking at the demographical characteristics of the survey respondents, they were more women than men; mostly aged above 50, high school graduates and engaged in agriculture and forestry. As for the satisfaction with income, the most respondents selected `average` and the least respondents chose `highly satisfied`. In regards with the effect of beauty art experience (deviation, recreation, aestheticism, eduation) on experience satisfaction, it turned out that the higher the deviation and the aestheticism, the more the experience satisfaction. When the recreation aspect of beauty art experience gets strong, the willingness to experience in future rises. The result of the analysis showed a valid positive effect. Where beauty art technique does not reflect customer`s needs, it cannot guarantee a success no matter how excellent technique it is. Accordingly, product development and PR of beauty art experience tour where the beauty art culture and experiences are added in mix since the beauty artists need the chances to increase customer loyalty from real life experience.

미용프랜차이즈 본부 지원에 따른 가맹점 미용실의 경영성과 연구

오강수 ( Gang Su Oh ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of franchise headoffice support on franchise shop`s management performance by comparison analyses of franchise headoffice`s supports and assumption verifications and to suggest the plan to make franchise shop`s management efficient along with the base data for the beauty art franchise business. The study was done from February 15, 2009 to March 15, 2009 with franchise beauty shops nationwide. Total 108 copies were analyzed and the scale for the questionnaire was Likert 5-scale. In order to process and analyze the data, SPSS WIN 13.0 was used to get frequency, percentage, analysis of variables reliability and Cronbach a to identify general characteristics of the survey respondents. For comparison analyses by franchise headoffice`s supports, t-test, One-way ANOVA, χ2 test and frequency analysis were made. As for the post-test, Scheffe test was done. The regression analysis was done to see how franchise head office`s support affect the management performance of a franchise beauty shop. When franchise beauty shop starts, we could learn that the influence of the headoffice went bigger to the management performance as the number of staff was bigger and the size of the beauty shop was larger. The financial performance was bigger when the head office involved indirectly rather than when it involved directly. It needs to make the extensive studies with franchise customers so as to reduce failures of franchise business by measuring more variables.

두개피 내 가마와 제비초리의 빈도 및 형성방향

오강수 ( Gang Su Oh ),류은주 ( Eun Ju Ryu ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.3

This study aims at inquiring into the frequency and the formative direction of a hair whorl and a cowlick hair within scalp to help produce more beautiful hair design when providing a beauty service. The frequency and cross analyses were made on customers within beauty salons living in Jeollabuk-do using questionnaires from January 15 to January 30, 2009. For the number of hair whorl, one was high by 99 persons(94.3%), and two was 6 persons(5.7%). For the direction of hair whorl, from the median line center to the clockwise direction was 43 persons(41.0%), subsequently, from the right position of the median line to the clockwise direction was 28 persons(26.7%). For weight under 60kg, 70kg and 80kg, from the median line center to clockwise direction, from the median line center to clockwise direction or from the right position of the median line to the clockwise direction and from the right position of the median line to the clockwise direction were high, respectively. For round or out-of-round(oval) faces, egg-shaped or tetragonal(diamond-shaped) faces, and hourglass-shaped(rectangular) faces, from the median line center to clockwise direction, from the right position of the median line to the clockwise direction, from the right position of the median line to the clockwise direction, from the left position of the median line to the clockwise direction, and from the median line center to clockwise direction were high, respectively. For the frequency of nape cowlick hair, zero was the highest by 50 persons(47.6%), followed by two by 27 persons(25.7%), one by 21 persons(20.0%) and three by 7 persons(6.7%). For the direction of nape cowlick hair, for the left, toward the top in the counterclockwise direction, and for the right, toward the top in the counterclockwise direction was the highest by 11 persons(20.0%), subsequently, for the left, toward the bottom in the clockwise direction, and for the right, toward the top in the counterclockwise direction by 8 persons(14.5%). For the frequency of front cowlick hair, zero was the highest by 69 persons(65.7%), followed by one by 29 persons(27.6%), and two by 7 persons(6.7%). For out-of-round(oval) faces and tetragonal(diamond-shaped) faces, one and two were relatively high, respectively. For the direction of front cowlick hair, being in the clockwise direction from the center of centerpoint was high by 10 persons(27.8%), subsequently, being in the counterclockwise direction from the center of centerpoint by 6 persons(16.7%). Consequently, the frequency of hair whorl was high in tetragonal faces, and there was a difference in the direction of hair whorl by weight and face shape. And the front cowlick hair was relatively high in tetragonal faces.