루터는 왜 고해를 유지했을까?

안재경 ( Jae Kyung Ahn ) 한국복음주의조직신학회 2014 조직신학연구 Vol.21 No.-

죄의 문제를 피해갈 수 있는 인생이 어디 있겠는가? 신자도 예외가 아니다. 예수 그리스도로 인해 사죄의 은혜를 입은 신자라고 할지라도 다시금 죄를 지을 수 있기에 지속적으로 죄를 씻을 수 있는 길이 무엇인지를 분명하게 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 그렇지 않으면 신자는 끊임없이 자신의 양심을 들여다볼 수밖에 없고, 신비주의에 경도되기 쉽다. 초대교회는 처음부터 심각한 죄의 경우에 공적인 고해를 요구했다. 고해가 공적이었을 뿐만 아니라 그 요구가 너무 가혹하다보니 6세기부터 사적인 고해가 도입되었다. 문제는 고백하는 행위만 있으면 용서가 자동적으로 주어진다는 믿음이 생겨난 것이다. 이후에 중세교회는 은혜를 하나의 공로로, 습성으로 바라보기 시작했다. 이런 이해가 성례신학에 그대로 반영되었다. 중세교회는 고해를 통회, 고백, 보속이라는 과정으로 구체화시키면서 인간의 공로로 하나님의 의를 만족시킬 수 있다는 착각을 하게 된다. 종교개혁자 마틴 루터는 그리스도의 공로에 의지해서만 하나님 앞에 설 수 있다는 믿음을 천명하므로 중세의 그 어두운 질곡으로부터 벗어날 수 있었다. 루터에게 있어서 죄고백은 하나님 찬양이었다. 그런데 루터는 중세교회의 고해가 인간의 공로가 되어버렸음에도 불구하고 신자는 죄에 노출되어 있기에 지속적인 사죄선언이 필요하다는 목회적인 관점에서 고해를 유지하기를 원했다. 이후의 여러 종교개혁가들도 예배 때 공적인 죄 고백을 도입했지만 이것을 보속이라고 보지는 않았다. 초대교회가 목표로 하고 있었듯이 죄고백은 그리스도인의 신분회복이다. 그것이야말로 예배자로 들어가는 관문이다. 죄고백은 예배의 문제요, 회원권의 문제이다. 로마가톨릭이 죄 고백을 사적인 것으로 만들어 버렸지만 그것은 사적인 권징이었다. 우리는 사죄선언의 중요성을 간파한 루터의 입장을 존중하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 죄고백과 사죄선언을 공예배에서 배제시켜 버리는 것은 구원을 확신하는 문제뿐만 아니라 권징의 의미를 약화시키는 것이다. 공예배때 이루어지는 죄고백과 사죄선언을 통해 교회는 그리스도의 몸으로 우뚝 설 것이며, 신자 개개인은 그리스도의 몸에 속해서 구원을 이루어갈 것이다. Who can avoid the problem of sin? Christians are no exception. Even Christians who have received the grace of absolution through Jesus Christ can sin again. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify how to be cleansed of sin continually. Otherwise, a Christian may focus on one`s own conscience continually and easily fall into mysticism. From its beginning, the early church adopted public penance in case of serious sin. Since the confession of sin was not only public but also severe, private confession was adopted in the 6th century. The problem was that some started to believe that by the mere act of confession their forgiveness was guaranteed. The medieval church came to regard grace as a form of merit and habit. This view is intactly reflected in sacramental theology. Through actualizing the confession of sin in the process of contrition, confession, satisfaction, the medieval church came to cherish the illusion that man`s work could satisfy God`s righteousness. By reformer Martian Luther`s declaration that only by Christ`s merit we can stand before God was the fetters of the dark Middle Ages broken. For Luther, the confession of sin was equal to the praise of God. Luther aimed to maintain the confession in a pastoral perspective that although the medieval church`s confession wasturned into human work, Christians are required to do continuous absolution due to their exposure to sin. Other reformers who came after Luther adopted public confession of sin during the service, but they did not regard it as satisfaction. As the early Christian church intended, the confession of sin means the recovery of a Christian`s status. It is a gateway that turns us into worshipers. Confession of sin concerns worship service and membership. The Roman Catholic Church turned the confession of sin into a private matter, but that was private censure. Luther was right in understanding the significance of the proclamation of absolution. Excluding sin confession and absolution proclamation will weaken not only conviction of salvation but also the meaning of censure. Through the sin confession and absolution proclamation during the public worship service, the church will be firmly established as Christ`s body, and each Christian will achieve salvation by belonging to the body of Christ.

경찰의 정신질환 위기대처방안에 대한 연구 - 미국의 위기개입팀 프로그램을 중심으로 -

안재경(Ahn, Jae Kyung),최이문(Choi, Yi Moon) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2019 경찰학연구 Vol.19 No.2

정신질환자의 위기상황에 가장 처음 대처해야 하는 법집행기관은 경찰관이다. 경찰이 대면하는 정신질환자는 점차적으로 증가하고 있고, 정신질환 범죄자의 수 또한 증가하고 있지만 우리나라 경찰은 정신건강과 관련된 훈련이나 교육을 충분히 받지 못하고 있다. 현존하는 매뉴얼도 현장의 경찰관에게 필요한 도움을 충분히 주지 못하고 있다. 미국의 경우 경찰관이 정신질환자를 대처하는 방법과 기술에 관한 모델인 위기개입팀(Crisis Intervention Team)이 존재하는데, 실무적으로나 경제적으로나 효과성이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국에서 개발되고 활용되는 위기개입팀의 내용과 사용모델을 개관하고, 이를 바탕으로 국내 경찰관들의 교육과 훈련에 주는 시사점에 대하여 연구하고자 한다. 더불어 본 연구의 의의, 시사점, 그리고 후속 연구 방향에 대하여 논의하였다. Police officers are often the first law enforcement responders to incidents involving people with mental illness. In Korea, encounters between police and people with mental illnesses are common, and the prevalence of mentally disordered offenders has been increasing. Even though the police are responsible for maintain public order and defuse volatile situations involving persons who are mentally ill, they often feel inadequately equipped or supported to deal with the crises involving person with mental illness. In the U.S, the use of police response model, such as the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT model) was developed and adopted for police departments nationally, as the CIT model intervene more effectively and humanely in situations involving troubled individuals. CIT can be thought of as a method for reducing the risk of injury to police officers and mentally ill persons, diverting persons to mental health treatment instead of jail. The legal and theoretical implications of the results and future directions for research are discussed.

An Economic Feasibility Analysis of the HAPS Services in Korea

안재경,김종화,이덕두,안도섭,구본준,Ahn, Jae-Kyung,Kim, Jong-Hwa,Lee, Deok-Joo,Ahn, Do-Seob,Ku, Bon-Jun 한국위성정보통신학회 2006 위성통신과 우주산업 Vol.13 No.1

HAPS(High Altitude Platform Station) which is defined as a station located on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the earth is promising technology capable of providing broadband multimedia services. In this study, economical aspects of HAPS service are analyzed by estimating the revenue and costs incurred by the service. To evaluate the profitability of HAPS service, the number of subscribers is estimated and then the net present value (NPV), payback period, and the rate of return on investment (ROI) are calculated under various scenarios

소통 전략으로서 미러링의 효과 : 관점 수용과 외집단에 대한 부정적 감정을 중심으로

안재경(Jae-Kyung Ahn),민영(Young Min) 한국언론학회 2020 한국언론학보 Vol.64 No.5

‘Mirroring’ has recently drawn attention in South Korea as an uncivil feminist strategy in the form of online counterspeech. It often refers to a communicative strategy that mimics some of the behaviors or expressions of an outgroup, usually adding remarks disparaging the outgroup. Some scholars attend to how Mirroring has contributed to invigorating the online feminist movement, while other critics have focused on Mirroring’s extremity or the negative repercussions it brought in the online sphere. These conflicting views surrounding the role of Mirroring represent the amount of public attention Mirroring has generated. However, the conceptual definition of Mirroring still remains equivocal, which thereby leads to a lack of empirical research on its independent effects. To fill this gap, we conceptualized Mirroring as a communicative strategy combining mirroring techniques (often used in psychotherapy) and incivility. Here, the mirroring technique refers to one of the psychotherapeutic approaches that makes a protagonist face directly with someone else who imitates her or his role. What makes Mirroring unique is that it presents mirroring techniques in a verbal format and intentionally combines them with uncivil (often insulting) remarks. To examine the possible consequences that Mirroring speeches could have on both women and men, we explored how Mirroring messages affect the level of perspective-taking, interest in gender issues, women’s collective efficacy, and negative feelings toward gender outgroups. Our results from an online survey experiment (N = 280) showed that female and male participants (n =140, respectively) responded in significantly different ways to the administered Mirroring messages. Mirroring did not induce a significant change in men’s perspective-taking or improve womens perceived collective efficacy. Exposure to mirroring techniques led to an increase in men’s interest in various gender issues, especially when the messages were presented in a relatively polite manner. Furthermore, exposure to a Mirroring message did not increase men’s negative feelings toward women in general although it triggered their negative emotions toward feminist groups. On the other hand, female participants did not show a higher level of interest in gender issues or express more negative feelings toward men when exposed to a Mirroring speech. Based on some conceptual clarification, this study attempted to empirically shed light on how Mirroring could or could not function as a successful communicative strategy between different gender groups. Beyond questions such as whether Mirroring is good or bad for the public or whether Mirroring is a normatively desirable strategy, the implications of this study were discussed in terms of the discrepancies between the claimed value of Mirroring and the observed effects.

자동차 부품 수요의 예측 모형 개발

홍정식(Jung-Sik Hong),안재경(Jae-Kyung Ahn),홍석기(Suk-Kee Hong) 대한산업공학회 2001 대한산업공학회지 Vol.27 No.3

국내 이동형 광대역 위성멀티미디어 산업 시장 전망

김종화 ( Jong Hwa Kim ),안재경 ( Jae Kyung Ahn ),이덕주 ( Doek Ju Lee ),이호진 ( Ho Jin Lee ) 대한설비관리학회 2003 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Introduction of Ka-band systems is expected to enhance broadcasting, internet and business communications Services to provide par-regional broadcast and telecommunication applications. Among them, the mobile broadband satellite market appears to be one of the particularly attractive sectors. In Korea, the growth of the cellular phone subscribers has been so amazing that more than 40% of the total populations are provided with the mobile telephone services. Also, the broadband internet access services are also widespread throughout the country so that eight million subscribers are enjoying faster Internet surfing than ever. The mobile broadband market maturity in this country encourages the development of the mobile broadband satellite systems. In this study, potential market size for the equipments made in Korea are to be estimated and domestic mobile broadband satellite service market size is to be forecasted from 2007 to 2015. Also, spill-over effects brought by the system development are to be estimated