수계 세균 군집에 미치는 산성화 영향 모사 분석

안영범,조홍범,최영길,An, Yeong-Beom,Jo, Hong-Beom,Choe, Yeong-Gil 한국미생물학회 1998 미생물학회지 Vol.34 No.4

지하수 세균 군집의 탄소원 기질 이용능 변화

안영범,김여원,이대영,민병례,최영길 한국수생태학회(구 한국하천호수학회) 1999 생태와 환경 Vol.32 No.2

수계 세균 군집의 세포외 효소 활성도 및 형태적 변화에 미치는 산성화의 영향

안영범,조홍범,최영길 ( Young Beom Ahn,Hong Bum Cho,Yong Keel Choi ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The effects of acidification on extracellular enzyme activities and morphological changes of bacteria were analyzed in the continuous microcosm. The activities of various extracellular enzyme such as lipase, phophatase, amylase, cellulase, β-glucosidase and chitinase showed the ranges of 0.022-1.811 μM/ℓ/hr. Enzymatic activities showed lower at pH 3 than at pH 7 and then sustained 4∼74% at lower pH values. As electron microscopy, bacterial cell surface has been pitted and covered with electron-dense fibrils and granules according to acidification. Also, inner layer of cell membrane was produced electron-dense granules, but cytoplasm and nuclear materials were not significantly change at all pH ranges. The cytological changes in the heterotrophic bacterial cells by the acidification correlate also with changes in activity of extracellular enzymes.

회분 배양 시스템에서 산성화에 따른 세균 군집의 변화

안영범,조홍범,최영길 ( Young Beom Ahn,Hong Bum Cho,Yong Keel Choi ) 한국하천호수학회 1996 생태와 환경 Vol.29 No.3

The effects of acidification (acidic proceeding) on the physico-chemical factors and bacterial population in Wangsong reservoir, Kyonggi-Do were studied in batch culture microcosm system during the summer of 1995. The numbers of total bacteria, hetero-trophic bacteria and functional groups of bacteria were ranged from 0.71 to 2.42×10^6cells/ml and from 0.001×10^4 to 9.33×10^5cfu/ml at various pH values in batch culture system, respectively. Acid stress had no apparent effect on total bacteria, in contrast heterotrophic bacteria and functional groups of bacteria showed response to pH changes. The mean percentage of heterotrophic bacteria and functional groups of bacteria among total bacteria were 16.53% and below about 1%, respectively. Heterotrophic bacteria and functional groups of bacteria showed a positive correlation with pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen, whereas it showed significant negative correlation with ammonia, Al, Mn, Zn, and Cu.

신성화에 따른 수계 세균 군집 및 세포외 효소의 활성도 변화

안영범,조홍범,최영길 ( Young Beom Ahn,Hong Bum Cho,Yong Keel Choi ) 한국하천호수학회 1997 생태와 환경 Vol.30 No.3

Physicochemical factors, functional populations of bacteria and their extracellular enzyme activities were analyzed in the bioreactor in order to observe the effects of acidification in Wangsong reservoir, Kyonggi-Do during the summer of 1996. The concentrations of ammonia and nitrate decreased and soluble sugar and heavy metal increased as pH became lower. The numbers of total bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria including functional populations of bacteria showed the ranges of 4.37∼10.31×10^6 cells/ml and 0.02∼7.77×10^4 CFU/ml at various pH values in bioreactor. There were no significant correlations between total bacteria and water pH, but viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria decreased as pH became lower. The activities of extracellular enzyme skewed the ranges of 0.008∼0.292㎛/ℓ/hr in bloreactor system. Enzymatic activities decreased rapldly below pH 5 and then sustained 5∼38% at lower pH values. The functional populations of bacteria and their extracellular enzyme activities showed conspicuously positive correlation with pH (0.80∼0.93, p<0.01). So, there were interpreted by the direct effect of pH rather than indirect effect of various environmental factors.

수계 종속영양세균 군집의 종조성에 미치는 산성화의 영향

안영범,조홍범,최영길 한국미생물학회 1997 미생물학회지 Vol.33 No.3

인위적으로 pH 구배가 조성딘 회분배양 시스템(batch culture system)내에서 종속영양 세균 군집의 종조성 변화에 미치는 산성화의 영향을 수리학적으로 분석하였다. 총세균의 개체수는 산성화에 영향을 받지 않았으며, 종속영양 세균 군집의 크기는 pH가 낮아질수록 감소하였다. 전 pH 구간에서 분리된 종속영양 세균들은 모두 12속 22종으로 나타났으며, 이중 그람음성 세균은 64%, 그람양성 세균은 36%의 비율로 분포하였다. pH가 낮아짐에 따라 그람양성 세균의 분포 비율은 감소하는 반면, 그람음성 세균의 분포 비율은 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 각 pH 구간별 속의 분포 비율은 pH 7에서는 12개 속이 출현하였으나, pH 3에서는 5개 속만 출현하여 pH가 낮아짐에 따라 속의 다양성이 감소하는 양상을 나타내었다. 종 다양성 지수는 1.13-2.37이 범주였으며, pH가 낮아질수록 종 다양성 지수가 낮게 나타났다. 크기가 다른 군집의 다양성 평가를 위해 rarefraction 방법으로 pH에 따른 종 출현의 기대값을 분석한 결과 역시 pH가 낮아질수록 기대값(expected number)이 낮은 것으로 나타남으로써 종 다양성 지수에 대한 유의성을 검정하였다. In an artificial pH-gradient hatch culture system, the author analyzed the effects of acidification on the species composition of heterotrophic bacteria. As the result of this study, it was found that the numbers of total bacteria were not affected by acidification and that the population size of heterotrophic bacteria decreased as pH became lower. The heterotrophic bacteria isolated from all of the pH gradient were 12 genera and 22 species. and among them, gram negative and gram positive bacteria were 64% and 36%, respectivcly. As pH decreased, the distribution rate of gram negative bacteria increased while that of gram positive bacteria decreased. Regarding to distrihution rate of genuses in each pH gradient, 13 genuses appeared at pH 7 while only 5 genuses appeared at pH 3. which means that the diversity of genera decrease as pH decreased. As a result of cluster analysis, diversity indices 01 species had ranges from 1.13 to 2.37, and decreased as pH decreased. In order to evaluate the diversity of different size samples, we analyzed the expected number of species appearance according to pH by rarefaction method. The statistical significance of species diversity was verified by the fact that the number decreased at lower pH.

지하수 세균 군집에 미치는 물리화학적 환경요인의 영향

안영범,김여원,이대영,민병례,최영길 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998 지하수환경 Vol.5 No.4

지하수 세균 군집에 미치는 환경요인의 영향을 분석하기 위하여, 서울 시내에서 음용수로 사용하는 2개 정점과 음용수외 생활용수로 사용하고 있는 8개 정점을 대상으로 조사하였다. 물리.화학적 환경요인과 중금속의 농도, 및 세균 군집의 분포 등 40개 변수를 분석한 결과, 음용수로 사용하는 정점을 제외한 나머지 정점에서 질산성 질소와 암모니아가 용수목적별 수질기준의 기준치 이상으로 측정되었다. 총세균은 5.1~41.4$\times$$10^{5}$cells/ml 범주로, 종속영양세균과 기능성 세균군집은 0.01~29.6$\times$$10^4$cfu/ml의 범주로 조사되었다. 세포외 효소의 활성도는 0.005~11.3$\mu$M/l/hr 의 범주로 나타났고, lipase, phophatase, $\beta$-glucosidase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase 순으로 활성도가 나타났다. 정점별로 조사된 세균 군집에 미치는 환경요인의 상호관계는 대응분석(correspondence analysis)과 다차원 척도법 분석(multidimensional scaling; MDS)으로 하였으며, 그 결과 4개의 집단으로 구분되었으며, 세균 군집에 미치는 주요한 환경요인은 정점별 잠재오염원과 일치하는 양상을 보였다.다. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of physico-chemical environmental factors on the changes of bacterial population from two sites used for drinking water and eight sites polluted with various pollutant in Seoul city. In all the stations except for two sites used for drinking water, the concentrations of nitrate- nitrogen and ammonia were in excess of the criteria of groundwater quality by the result of analysis of 40 variations including physicochemical environmental factors, heavy metals, and bacterial populations. The numbers of total bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and functional groups of bacteria were ranged from 5.1 to 41.4${\times}$10$\^$5/cells/ml and from 0.01 to 29.6${\times}$10$^4$cfu/ml, respectively. The activities of extracellular enzymes showed the ranges of 0.005∼11.3${\mu}$M/l/hr and its order to lipase, phophatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase. The results of correspondence and multidimensional scaling analysis between bacterial populations and its physico-chemical environmental factors were explained the effects of physico-chemical environmental factors according to site characters and separated four group, which is accord with potential pollutants at wells.

연속식 다단계 microcosm 에서 수계 세균 군집 및 세포외 효소 활성도 변화에 미치는 산성화의 영향

안영범,조홍범,최영길 ( Young Beom Ahn,Hong Bum Cho,Yong Keel Choi ) 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.1

To define the effects of acidification on physicochemical factors, bacterial numbers, functional groups of bacteria and extracellular enzyme activities were analyzed in the continuous multistage microcosm. The concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and soluble sugar were decreased and ammonia and heavy metal were increased as pH became lower. The total bacterial numbers of heterotrophic bacteria including functional groups of bacteria showed the ranges of 5.6∼16. 2 × 10 exp (5) cells/㎖ and 0.07 ∼ 32.47 × 10 exp (4) CFU/㎖ at various pH values, respectively. There were no significant correlation between total bacteria and water pH, but viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria decreased as pH became lower. The activities of extracellular enzyme showed the ranges of 0.022 ∼ 1.811 μM/ℓ/hr in continuous multistage microcosm. Activities decreased rapidly down to the pH 5. The continuous multistage microcosm was useful system to examine simulation analysis of acidification. The effects accompanied the changes of structures and functions of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystem.

도시하수내에서 분리한 탈질환 세균인 Pseudomonas aeruginosa의 개량 및 특성에 관한 연구

安永範,崔榮吉 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1992 環境科學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

도시하수 종말 처리장의 sludge 및 방류수 환경에서 다량 잔류하는 질산염과 암모니아를 생물학적 탈질화 방법으로 처리하기 위한 기초단계에서 탈질화능이 우수한 균주로 Pseudomonas aeruginosa가 분리되었으며, 이로부터 N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)로 돌연변이를 유도한 결과 N₂O 생성능이 야생균주(0.06mM)보다 10배 정도 개선된 E42(0.4mM), K71(0.5mM), K(0.7mM) 돌연변이주를 최종 선별하였다. 또한 개량균주의 특성 및 환경오염에 대한 영향을 검토하고 경제적 대체탄소원을 검토하였는데 nitrate reductase의 activity를 높히는데 기여한 cofactor로 알려진 molybdate의 적정농도는 0.2mM 정도인 것으로 판단된다. 하수 종말처리 후의 방류수 배지에서 보다 탈질화 과정에서 요구되는 탄소원의 첨가를 통해 C : N : P 비율을 조정한 배지에서 20∼300배 정도 높은 N₂O 생성능을 보였으며, cellulose를 탄소원으로 공급한 경우에서도 유의한 탈질화능을 보인것으로 보아 carbonaceous industrial waste product를 대체 탄소원으로 적용할 수 있음을 시사한다. In order to remove nitrogen compounds remained in sludge and effluence of a municipal sewage collection place, the experiments were performed to identify and characterize a good denitrifiers. The selected denitrifiers were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their mutants(E42, K71, and K92), which had 10-fold increased capability of nitrous oxide production in comparison with that of the wild strain were isolated from sludge and effluence of a municipal sewage collection place. Nitrous oxide productions are 20∼300 folds increased in the medium regulated the C : N : P ratio by addition of carbon sources than in the medium of the effluences from sewage collection places. A simillar level of nitrous oxide production was obtained by the supply of cellulose as a carbon source. These results suggest that the selected denitrifier and their mutants removed nitrogen compounds most efficient from sludge and effluence of a municipal sewage collection place.

돈슬러리의 처리공정별 세균군집 변화

최홍림,안영범,안희권 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Improper treatment of pig slurry has seriously polluted water courses and reservoirs in rural settlement. The SNU research team estabished an integrated system for treatment of pig slung, including the separation and the filtration processes. The correlation of the physicochemical factors and the bacterial population in the SNU system was investigated to explore the characteristics of the microbes involved in organic degradation. The findings drawn from this study were the followings : (1) The concentration of NH₄^(-)-N and PO₄^(-)-P has decreased with the processes while that of NO₂^(-)-N and SO₄^(2-) has increased. (2) The number of total bacteria did not change with the process from S1 to S2 while that of heterotrophic bacteria including the functional groups of bacteria has greatly increased. (3) The growth rate of the ammonia oxidizer bacteria and the nitrite oxidizer bacteria at S3 was much higher than that at Sl and S2. (4) The functional groups of bacteria and the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme showed significant positive and negative correlation (-0.57∼0.52, p$lt;0.01) with NH₄^- (5) The effect of the physicochemical environmental factors on bacteria populations in the SNU system was investigated by the correspondence and multi-dimensional scaling analysis. The analysis revealed more environmental factors involved in determination of the bacteria population at S2 and S3 than those at S1. No effect of heterotrophic bacteria, thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria, NO₂^-, and SO₄^(2-) on the bacteria population was found. Further study should be performed more accurately to identify if the physical factors including temperature, and aeration rate, influence the bacteria population in the SNU system.