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정위상 및 탈위상 경사에코영상과 생체 수소 자기공명분광법을 이용한 담낭 담즙내 지질성분의 측정$^1$
신석환,조순구,김영수,우제홍,김형진,서창해,Sin, Seok-Hwan,Jo, Sun-Gu,Kim, Yeong-Su,U, Je-Hong,Kim, Hyeong-Jin,Seo, Chang-Hae 대한영상의학회 2002 대한영상의학회지 Vol.46 No.2
목적: 지질 억제 자기공명영상 기법과 수소 자기공명분광에서 측정한 지질 피크의 상대적 비율을 비교 분석하여,이 두 방법에 의한 담낭내 담즙 지질의 정량적 분석이 가능한 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 간기능 검사 및 콜레스테롤 수치가 정상이며, 초음파검사에서 담낭벽의 비후가 없고 담낭이 잘 팽창되어 있는 정상자원자 26명을 대상으로 하였다.담낭의 정위상 및 탈위상 경사에 코영상에서 담낭의 신호강도 차이를 계산하였으며, 담낭 자기공명분광 스펙트럼의 지질피크(0.8-1.6 ppm)와,2.0-2.4 ppm,3.2-3.4 ppm,3.9-4.1 ppm,5.2-5.4 ppm에서 관찰되는 피크의 넓이를 측정하였다. 전체 피크의 합에 대한 지질피크의 비율를 계산하였고, 신호강도 비율과 지질피크 비율를 비교하였다. 결과: 정위상 및 탈위상 자기공명영상에서의 신호강도비율은11.3-43.4%(평균 26 $\pm$8.9%)였고, 생체 수소 자기공명분광의 가장 현저한 피크는 지질피크(21명,92%)였으며, [ 피크0.8-1.6 ppm의 면적/모든 피크의 면적의 합] 은 0.10-0.97(평균 0.66 $\pm$0.21)였다. 신호강도 비율과 지질피크 비율의 상관성은 통계적으로 의미있는 상관성을 보였다(r=0.478,p=0.014). 결론: 지질 억제 자기공명영상 기법과 수소 자기공명분광법이 담낭내 담즙 지질성분을 측정하는 방법으로 이용될 가능성이 있다. Purpose: To evaluate the utility of signal intensity differences between in- and opposed-phase MRI and the lipid peak ratio in in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy of the gallbladder as diagnostic tools for measuring the lipidcontent of gallbladder bile. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six normal volunteers underwent MR imaging (FMPSPGR) and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy of the gallbladder. In all cases the results of liver function tests were normal, as were cholesterol levels,and ultrasonography of the gaubladder revealed nothing unusual. For MRI and MRS a 1.5T unit (Signa Horizon; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, U.S.A.) was used. In-phase and opposed-phase coronal-section MR images(FMPSPGR; TR=125 msec, TE=1.8, 4.2 msec) of the gallbladder were obtained, and differences in signal intensity thus determined. For proton MR spectroscopy of the gallbladder, a localized proton STEAM sequence was employed. A single voxel of 1-8 cm3 was placed at the center of the gallbladder cavity, peak areas at 0.8-1.6 ppm (lipid), 2.0-2.4 ppm, 3.2-3.4 ppm, 3.9-4.1 ppm, and 5.2-5.4 ppm were measured by proton MRS and the relative peak area ratios of peak 0.8-1.6 ppm/other peaks were calculated. The degree of correlation between signal intensity differences at MRI and the relative peak area ratio of lipid in proton MRS was estimated using the p-value and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Signal intensity differences ranged from 11.3 to 43.4% (mean,26$\pm$8.9%), and the range of lipid peak area ratio at MRS was 0.10-0.97 (mean, 0.66$\pm$0.21). There was significant correlation between the two measured values (P=0.014, Pearson’s correlation coefficient=0.478). Conclusion: In normal cystic bile, signal intensity differences at in- and opposed-phase MRI and relative lipid peak area ratios at MRS varied, though both methods could be used diagnostically for measuring the lipid contents of body tissue.
논문 : 자유주제(自由主題) ; "사회내처우 중 보호관찰제도"
신석환 ( Seok Hwan Shin ) 경성대학교 법학연구소 2011 경성법학 Vol.20 No.1
Since 1980`s when Korea began to advanced into a late industrial age, juvenile delinquencies have continued to increase, while becoming more violent. Thus, the juvenile crimes have become a social issue. In order to prevent the delinquencies committed by the juveniles who are entitled to grow into good citizens, pan-national efforts should be exerted. In this context, the juvenile parole system has played a key role in correcting the delinquent juveniles. However, since our juvenile probation and parole system has a shorter history than advanced nations`. it has yet to be established. In particular, the parole system has various problems involving system itself, budget, facilities, professional manpower and operation programs. Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at reviewing the theoretical background of the parole system, and thereupon, examining the current parole system, and thereby, suggesting the reform measures for the parole system in terms of professional manpower and programs as follows: The probation and parole system can be very effective in terms of criminal policies because it aims, based not on the punishment but on rehabilitation, treat the criminals within the society in a systematic and professional way and thereby, return them to the society. Lastly, it is hoped that the organization and manpower for the parole system will be expanded with more professionalism, while a variety of programs be developed to prevent the juvenile crimes.