인삼재배 분야의 과거 20년 연구

밝훈,Park, Hoon 고려인삼학회 1996 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.20 No.4

Researches on mineral nutrition, physiology and phyrsiological diseases, . cultivaction methods. brceding. pest control quality management and extension during 1976-1995 in Korea were reviewed Review in brceding and pest control was restricted to the researches directely related to cultivaction. Mineral nulrient up take. partion and varicos factors such as top dreasing. Light intersity etc. and interrelationship between minerals were investigated. Top dressing was not effective due to low minera1 requorement Physiological characteristics on tempelature light and water were well elucidated and applied to assess traditional cultivation method and its inovation. Photosyrnthetic pigments. light harvest proteins and activity of related enzymes were studied. In nitrogen metabolism arginine, praline, ammonium, threonine appeared to have important role in re growth of shoot Saponin metabolism was studied in relation to growth and new ginsenosides were found but physiological role of saponin was not clearly elucidated yet Endogenous growth regulators were reported and various erogenous growth regulators were studied for growth stimulation. short stem and seed pruning etc. Various physiological diseases were investigated for cause and control measures were established. Water culture was little studied Forest culture was studied but not retched the recommendable stage Drip irrigation straw mulching. seasonal shading and soil preparation method including soil fertility adjustment were established for practical application. Shading materials completely changed to polyethylene net and materials of polymers The research on ginseng cultivation in paddy field opened the way to establish the permanent ginseng cultivation plantation Ginseng harvester and seeder were developed in the late 1950s. Transplanted and many other machines were developed in the early 1990s. In ginseng breeding only pure line selection was of practical significance several verities were at the stage of seed propagation at ginseng plantations. Mutation breeding (${\gamma}$-ray. X-ray chemicals) was not successful. The research on plantlet formation through tissue culture was a little progressed but still far behind to vegetative propagation. Disease control research was concentrated in the isolation and identification of pathogans. their ecological charactelistics and biological control and soil humigation. Potato root rot nematodes was found and control method was established. Insect and small animal control research was greatly progresses in identification, ecological investigation, and ecological and physical control. Weed control was less important due to the development of mulching method of ridge and ditch. Quality factors of raw ginseng in relation to red ginseng process were extensively studied. Traditional quality measures were elucidated in accordance with modern analytical chemistry resulting in the importance of peptides in the centrat part rather than ginsenosides For large root production growth promoting rootzone micrcorganisms (PGPRM) were isolated and active compounds were identified. Field test on PGPRM was on going. Varictus methods formality improvement through cultivation were developed. Management research of ginseng production was rare Extension was active throuch official and private organizations and through workshop for the extension specialists, and direct lectures to grower's. Extension services made the researcher to understand the existing problems at grower's fields. Research environment for ginseng production was in prime time only for three years when Korea Ginseng Research Institute was established then gradually aggravated.

인삼생산에 있어 생리특성, 재배조건 및 품질의 상호관계

밝훈,Park, Hoon 고려인삼학회 1992 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.16 No.1

일본의 최근 인삼수출입 동향

밝훈,Park, Hoon 고려인삼학회 1994 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.18 No.3

Recent trend of ginseng (p. ginseng) trade in Japan was analyzed. From 1984 white ginseng import increased continuously to 240% while export of red ginseng decreased to 29%. Red ginseng import increased until 1990 and decreased thereafter, resulting in 12% of total import ginseng in 1993 from 47% in 1990. During five years (1989∼1993) white ginseng import from Korea decreased from 44% to 14% of total white ginseng imported while import from China increased. Red ginseng import from China ranged 97 to l00% of total red ginseng and little change was shown during five years. Price of Korean ginseng was higher than that of China by 2.2 times for white and 6.6 times for red. The continuous decrease of Chinese ginseng price might affect import trend. Export price of red ginseng increased continuously and was higher than that of Korean red ginseng (1.95 times) and much higher than import price (20 times in 1993).

원료삼 생산수익 결정모형

밝훈(Hoon Park) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.3

원료삼 생산에 있어 총수익(R)을 결정하는 4요인 승법 모형을 설정하고 (R=AYQP) 세 농가의 수납실적 수치를 사용하여 총수익 결정식임을 확인하였다. 4요소는 자본요소인 재배면적(A), 기술요소인 단위수량(Y)과 가중평균 품질등급(Q) 그리고 시장요소인 평균등급 가격(P)의 3요소로 해석하였다. 기술요소인 YQ는 자본(A)과 수익(R)의 직선모형에서 기울기가 되어 단위자본의 수익창출계수임을 밝혔다. 수익결정식은 인삼산업의 발전이 재배수량과 품질 향상기술 YQ를 증대시켜 면적(A)을 감소시킴으로서 수익(R)을 높여 시장가격(P)을 낮추는데 있음을 보여주었다. To better understand how to increase a ginseng grower's revenue, a 4-factor revenue determination model (RDM) of raw ginseng production (R=AㆍYㆍQㆍP) was proposed. The total revenue (R) is a multiplicative function of four factors: cultivation area(A), unit yield (Y), quality grade (Q) and unit price (P). The A appears to be a pure capital factor. Y and Q are technological factors and P is social and market factor. When P is constant, the technological term (YQ) is the revenue per unit area (R/A) production efficiency per capital. The RDM appears to be a linear model between R and A with the slope [YQ]. RDM was applied to three farmers' raw ginseng production for assessment of its dependency on capital and technological factors.

잔디생육에 대한 유기물, 활성탄소 및 마그네슘의 효과

최병주,심재성,밝훈,Choi, Byung-Ju,Shim, Jai-Sung,Park, Hoon 한국잔디학회 1994 한국잔디학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Effect pf rape seed oil cake compast (OM) active carbon(C) compound fertilizer (NPK) and magnesium sulfate (Mg) application on Zoysia koreana growth by lysimeter of 50cm soil column filled with a low fertility loam. Effect on growth was in order of OM>OM . NPK interaction> NPK . active carbon and Mg were not effective OM . NPK interaction effect was negative on leaf width and root dry matter yield. OM and OM . NPK interaction were most effective on rhizome growth. Their effect did not change the ratio of growth rates between aerial part and rhizome but change that between aerial part and root. Leaf width was most sensitive to the treatments.

석회질소 토양훈증의 라이족토니아 소라니, 피시움, 토양미생물과 씨앗의 사멸효과

이병대(Byung Dae Lee),밝훈(Hoon Park) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.2

석회질소의 인삼포 예정지 훈증제로서의 적량을 구하기 위하여 실내시험을 하였다. 중국제 석회질소는 추천량 (60㎏/ 10α)의 배량에서도 인삼 입고병균인 라이족토니아 (Rhizoctonia solani)와 피지움 (Pythium sp.)에 대한 멸균효과가 없었다. 멸균 유효수준은 10,000 ppm이였다. 토양 미생물에 대하여서는 250 ppm에서 토양곰팡이의 밀도를 50% 감소 시켰으며 방선균은 50% 이상 증가시키고 세균에는 변화가 없었다. 살균력에서 분제가 입제보다 우수하였다. 무씨의 발아억제는 9,000 ppm 이상에서 확인되었다. The effect of calcium cyanamide (China-made) soil fumigation on the growth of the ginseng pathogen (Rhizoctonia, Pythium), soil microbes, and seed germination of lettuce and radish was investigated. At twice the recommended level (250-ppm CaCN₂), the growth of Rhizoctonia and Pythium, and the seed germination, were not inhibited. Rather, the effective level was 10,000 ppm. The powder form was more effective than the granular form in inhibiting pathogen growth and seed germination. The lettuce seed was also more sensitive than the radish seed. Calcium cyanamide appearedto decrease the fungi population and to increase Actinomycetes in the soil.

경기도 수개 골프장의 표토 토양화학성과 잔디의 무기성분함량

최병주,심재성,주영희,밝훈,Choi, Byung-Ju,Shim, Jai-Sung,Ju, Yeong-Hee,Park, Hoon 한국잔디학회 1993 한국잔디학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Surface soils and aerial parts of Korean lawn(Zoysia koreana) at normal fair way of 4 golf courses and yellow discolored fairway of one golf course in Kyonggi province were taken at and analyzed for mineral contents in soil Mg and Ca were most deficient while EC was too high and phosphorus was exess. There were significant positive correlation between pH and Ca and between EC and total N. There was no consistent simple correlation between single component in soil and plant, indicating the involvement of multi-minerals in one mineral absorption. m mineral contents of aerial part Mg was severely low. potassium moderately but Ca was normal, Mg and Ca showed significant correlation in aerial part, yellow-discolored lawn showed the lowest content of Mg in aerial part and surface soil. Very high N and high phosphorus in aerial part inspite of low P in soil. The above facts indicates Mg deficiency in fair way soils in most golf courses resulting in yellow-discoloration in lawn.

일정조건에서 아인산염을 이용한 Phytophthora cactorum이 야기하는 인삼 역병의 방제

이병대(Byung Dae Lee),밝훈(Hoon Park) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.4

아인산의 농도별 (50~2,000 ppm) 인삼 역병 방제효과를 metalaxyl-M (a.i. 40.2 ppm)과 비교하여 역병균의 균사생장에 대한 영향, 인삼 절제엽과 포트시험으로 검토하였다. 아인산은 균사생장억제력이 metalaxyl-M 보다 낮았으나 절제엽이나 식물전체 실험에서는 metalaxyl-M 보다 방제효과가 우수하여 인삼에서 병저항성을 유도하는 것으로 보였으며, 50~100 ppm의 아인산이 병저항성을 유도하는 적정농도일 것으로 생각된다. Potassium phosphonate inhibited less mycelial growth of Phytophthora cactorum in vitro than metalaxyl-M. But the net protection rate in leaflet test and whole plant pot test was greater in potassium phosphonate than metalaxyl-M. P. ginseng appeared to have an induced resistance against P. cactorum with phosphonate around 50~100 ppm.

인삼재배용 미생물 제품의 식물보호율과 변이계수와의 관계

이병대(Byung Dae Lee),밝훈(Hoon Park) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.2

시판되고 있는 인삼재배용 미생물제제에 대하여 인삼묘 입고병억제효과를 유묘포트시험으로 검정하였다. Rhizoctonia solani에 대하여는 리조렉스 (tolclofos-methyl)와 바리문 (validamycin-A)을 비교하여 검정하고 Pythium에는 리도밀 (metalaxyl)을 비교하였다. 리조렉스와 비교한 시험에서만 처리간 평균보호율 (Pm)의 차이에 유의성이 있었다. 최고효과를 보이는 미생물제 C-ISR2 Rhizoctonia solani에 대한 두 개의 시험에서 순보호율 (net Pm=total Pm-control Pm)이 33%와 33.6%였다. 대조구의 Pm이 58.6%인 경우 총보호율이 91.6%로, 환경조건이 좋은 포장에서는 미생물제로만 보호가 가능함을 나타낸다. C-ISR2의 Pythium에 대한 순Pm은 26.4%였다. 한 병원균에 대한 미생물제의 순보호율은 일정한 것으로 보였다. Pm과 CV간에는 세 번 다 부의 직선상관관계를 보였다. 이는 미생물제나 화학약제가 모두 보호체계가 같으며 미생물제제가 미세환경에 예민하여 변이가 커지는 것으로 보인다. 미생물제와 대조구의 Pm과 CV의 상관식에서 CV=0에서의 절편 값은 미생물제의 이론적 최대보호율이 된다. 기본 발병환경의 개선 (무처리구의 보호율증대)에 따라 기존 미생물제제로 화학농약을 대체할 수 있다. The plant protection rate of the marketed microbial products for ginseng cultivation was investigated against Rhizoctoina solani and Pythium sp. in a seedling pot experiment. A significant difference was found among the mean plant protection rates (Pm) of the microbial products, including Tolclofos-methyl (Rhizolex). The best microbial product, C-ISR2, showed a 33% and 33.6% net Pm (total Pm-control Pm) in the two tests against Rhizoctonia solani. In one test with a 58.6% control plot Pm, the total pm was 91.6%, indicating that plant protection can be done only with a microbial product in a well-conditioned field. The net Pm of C-ISR2 against Pythium sp. was 26.4%. The net Pm of a microbial product against a pathogen seems to be fixed. A significant negative linear correlation was found between the Pm and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the protection rate in all the three experiments. This indicates that the protection processes of control, microbial products, and chemical pesticides are in the same system. Pm was only dependent on CV, probably due to each seedling’s microenvironment. In the linear correlation equation between the Pm and the CV of the microbial products and the control plot, the intercept of the vertical axis will be the theoretical Pm when CV is zero.

시설원예 작물의 생리장해 유발 토양요인구명

최병주(Byung-Ju Choi),이종호(Chong-Ho Lee),밝훈(Hoon Park) 한국토양비료학회 1990 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.23 No.2