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박원균(Park, Won-Kyun),채의업(Chae, E-Up) 대한생리학회 1985 대한생리학회지 Vol.19 No.2
기립 및 도립의 체위면화가 두부 및 하지의 혈액순환계에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고, atropine의 정주에 의한 부교감신경의 차단이 체위변화에 대한 심맥관계의 내성을 증가시키는 지를 보기위하여 개를 경사대에 수평위로 고정하여 수동적으로 기립 및 도립위로 체위를 변화시키고, 각 체위에서 10분간 유지시켜 경동맥, 외경정맥, 고동맥 및 고정맥의 분시 혈류량, 분시 심박수 및 분시 호흡수, 그리고 혈액의 pH, PCO<sub>2</sub>, PO<sub>2</sub> 및 Hct를 측정하였다. 다시 수평위에서 atropine 0.5mg을 1회 정주한 후 위의 실험과정을 반복하여 시행하고 atropine투여전과 비교 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 기립시 두부 및 하지 동정맥혈의 분시 혈류량은 감소하였고, 특히 두부로 가는 혈류량의 감소가 더 컸으나, atropine의 투여는 경동맥의 분시 혈류량의 감소를 억제하였다. 도립시 두부 및 하지의 분시 혈류량은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았고, 개체에 따라 변화양상도 다르게 나타났다. atropine의 투여는 투여전에 비하여 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 분시 심박수는 기립 및 도립시 모두 증가하였다. atropine의 투여는 수평위에서 분시 심박수는 투여전 보다 증가하나, 체위변화에 의한 분시 심박수의 증가를 경감시켰다. 분시 호흡수는 개체에 따라 변화양상에 차이가 있으나, 대체로 기립시는 감소하고 도립시는 증가하였다. atropine의 투여는 기립 및 도립시 다 같이 분시 호흡수의 변화를 억제하였다. 혈액소견은 기립시 정맥철의 pH 및 PO<sub>2</sub>는 감소하였고, PCO<sub>2</sub>는 증가하나 동맥혈의 PCO<sub>2</sub>는 감소하였다. 도립시 동정맥혈의 소견은 수평위에 비해 별 변화가 없었으며 , atropine의 투여후도 기립 및 도립시 모두에서 투여전에 비하러 유의한 변하는 없었다. Hct는 기립 및 도립시 증가하였으며 atropine투여에 의한 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 이상에서와 같이 atropine의 투여는 기립시 두부로 가는 혈류량을 증가시키며, 기립 및 도립시 발생할 수 있는 분시 심박수의 과도한 증가를 억제함으로서 체위변화에 대한 심맥관계의 내성을 증가시키는데 어느정도 효과가 있다고 하겠다. The passive tilt has been performed to study the orthostasis on the cardiovascular system. The orthostasis due to upright tilt was demonstrated as follows: the venous return, cardiac output and systemic arteiral blood pressure were decreased, whereas there was concomitant increase of heart rate, through the negative feedback mediated by such as the baroreceptor . Previous investigators have suggested that the tolerance to the orthostasis could he increased by blocking the cholinergic fiber with atropine which prevented vasodilation and bradycardia through the vasovagal reflex during the orthostasis. However, this hypothesis has not been clearly understood. This study was attempted to clarify the effect of atropine on the tolerance of the cardiovascular system to the upright and head-down tilt, and to investigate the change of the blood flow through head and lower leg with Electromagnetic flowmeter in both tilts before and after atropine state. Fourteen anesthetized dogs of 10 ~ 14kg were examined by tilting from supine position to +77˚ upright position (orthostasis), and then to -90˚ head-down position (antiorthostasis) for 10 minutes on each test. And the same course was taken 20 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.5mg atropine. The measurements were made of the blood flow(ml/min.) on the carotid artery, external jugular vein, femoral artery and femoral vein. At the same time pH, PCO<sub>2</sub>, PO<sub>2</sub> and hematocrit (Hct) of the arterial and venous blood, and heart rate(HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were measured. The measurements obtained from upright and head-down tilt were compared with those from supine position. The results obtained are as follows: In upright tilt, the blood flow both on the artery and the vein through head and lower leg were decreased, however the decrement of blood flow through the head was greater than the lower leg And the atropine attenuated the decrement of the blood flow on the carotid artery, but not on the vessels of the lower leg. HR was moderately increased in upright tilt, but slightly in head-down tilt. The percent change of HR after the atropine administration was smaller than that before the atropine state in both upright and head-down tilts. Before the atropine state, RR was decreased in upright tilt, whereas increased in head-down tilt. However after the atropine state, the percent change of RR was smaller than that of before the atropine state in both upright and head-down tilts. In upright tilt, venous PCO<sub>2</sub> was increased, but arterial PO<sub>2</sub> and venous PO<sub>2</sub> were slightly decreased. Hct was increased in both upright and head-down tilts. The findings of blood PCO<sub>2</sub>, PO<sub>2</sub> and Hct were not interferred by the atropine. In conclusion, 1;he administration of atropine is somewhat effective on improving the cardiovascular tolerance to postural changes. Thus, atropine attenuates the severe diminution of the blood flow to the head during orthostasis, and also reduces the changes of HR and RR in both orthostasis and antiorthostasis.
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국소한냉자극이 전신 및 국소혈액순환에 미치는 영향 -제 2 보 : 동계 및 하계의 계절변화에 따른 한냉반응-
박원균(Park, Won-Gyun),채의업(Chae, E-Up) 대한생리학회 1983 대한생리학회지 Vol.17 No.2
A possibility whether the appearance of adaptation to cold climate during winter could occur or not in Taegu area was evaluated by comparing the data obtained in winter with that obtained by the same method in summer. Circulatory response was induced by the immersion of one hand in the cold water. The systemic and local responses in the blood circulation from the immersed hand and the unimmersed opposite hand were observed simultaneously. In addition Galvanic skin resistance(GSR) that is influenced by the activity of autonomic nervous system and the vascular tonicity was recorded. The experiment was performed by examining sixty healthy college students in winter and fifty in summer, whose mean age was 21.0, mean weight 60.6±0.90 kg(male) and 48.3±0.98 kg(female). The cold stimulus was applied by immersing the left hand into the cold water of 5℃ for 3 minutes, and the response was observed on immersed left hand and unimmersed right hand simultaneously. The observation was made through determining mean blood pressure, heart rate, amplitude of photoelectric capillary pulse (APCP) and GSR. The results obtained are as follows: The mean blood pressure was elevated during the cold stimulation. The increase of blood pressure in summer was more remarkable than in winter. At the recovery period the blood pressure was decreased to the control level in winter but the decrease below the control level was observed in summer. The increase of heart rate in summer was more remarkable than in winter during the cold stimulation. At the recovery period heart rate in both winter and summer was decreased below the control level. During the cold stimulation the APCP was decreased on both hands in winter. However it was more prominent on left hand indicating additional direct cold effect on immersed hand. In summer, the decrease of APCP during immersion was less remarkable than that in winter, but the regain of APCP was faster than that in winter at the recovery period. And the prompt increase of APCP over the control level has been obtained at the 3 minutes of the recovery period. The GSR was remarkably increased on immersed hand but slightly decreased on unimmersed opposite hand during the cold stimulation. Thus the finding on immersed hand indicates that the local direct effect of cold water is more prominent than the systemic effect, where as the finding on unimmersed hand indicates that the circulatory response to painful stress elicited by the cold stimulation is more prominent than cold temperature itself. In summary, it seems that the systemic circulatory response to the local cold stimulation of the one hand is arised more from the secondary elicited pain sensation and less from the low water temperature. On the contrary to the report of Kim et<sup>39)</sup>, the adaptation phenomena in blood pressure to the relatively mild cold climate in winter was not observed in this study. The difference of circulatory response observed in this study between winter and summer may be due to the difference of the magnitude of subjective sensation of the cold water stimulation by the seasonal changes in air temperature. 국소한냉자극이 전신 및 국소혈액순환에 미치는 영향과 동계에 있어서 한냉에 대한 적응을 관찰하기 위하여 동계 및 하계에 편균연령 21세의 남녀 대학생 각 60명 및 50명을 대상으로 5℃의 냉수에 일측 손을 담구어 3분간 국소한냉자극을 가하였다. 침수 1, 2, 3분과 회복기 1, 3, 5분에 침수한 측과 침수 반대측에서 평균혈압, 분시심박수, 광전 모세혈관 맥박의 파고, 피부전기저항을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 국소한냉자극시 혈압은 증가하였고 하계에서 동계보다 더 큰 증가를 보였다. 회복기에 동계는 서서히 대조치로 회복되나 하계에는 대조치보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 분시심박수는 침수시 증가하며 하계에서 동계보다 더 증가하였고 회복기에는 동계 및 하계 모두 대조치보다 감소하였다. 광전 모세혈관 맥박의 파고는 동계에는 침수 및 침수 반대측 모두 감소하였으나 침수한 측에서 더 크게 감소하였으며 이는 침수한 측에 있어서 한냉의 국소효과에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 하계에는 동계보다 작은 감소를 보였으며 회복기에는 더 빠른 회복을 보여 대조치보다 증가하였다. 피부전기저항은 침수시 침수 반대측에서는 감소하나 침수한 측에서는 유의하게 증가하였다가 회복기에 서서히 감소하였다. 침수 반대측의 감소는 동통에 의한 반응이 한냉에 의한 반응에 첨가되어 나타난 것으로 보이며, 침수한 측은 한냉에 의한 국소효과가 크기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 이상으로 5℃의 국소한냉자극시 전신적 반응은 한냉자극에 의한 동통성 stress에 기인한 반응이 우세한 것으로 생각되며 김 등<sup>39)</sup>의 보고와는 달리 동계 및 하계의 반응의 차이는 계절에 따른 한냉자극에 대한 주관적 감각의 차이에 의한 것으로 동계에서 한냉기후에 의한 국소한냉자극의 적응현상은 나타나지 않는 것으로 사료된다
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박원균(Park Won Kyun),이호성(Lee Ho Seong),한주형(Han Joo Hyung),조수연(Cho Su Yeon),먁마르엥흐툽신(Myagmar Enkhtuvshin),권순량(Kwon Soon Ryang) 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
근래에 들어 일인 가구 증대와 핵가족화 추세에 따라 애완견과 애완묘와 같은 반려동물에 대한 관심과 선호도가 증가함에 따라 반려동물 양육 가구 비율이 늘어나고 있다. 그와 더불어 반려동물이 실종되거나 유기되는 비율도 높아지고 있다. 실종 및 유기동물들이 사람과 가축의 안전을 위협하는 사례도 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 시급한 대책 마련이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 반려동물이 실종되거나 유기되어도 LoRa 통신을 이용하여 실시간으로 위치를 파악할 수 있는 반려동물 위치 추적 시스템을 설계 및 구현하고자 한다.
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과산화수소 관장이 급성 일산화탄소중독의 회복에 미치는 영향
박원균(Park, Won-Kyun),채의업(Chae, E-Up) 대한생리학회 1986 대한생리학회지 Vol.20 No.1
과산화수소(H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)가 급성 일산화탄소(CO)중독의 회복에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 가토를 1% Corktm에 30분간 노출시킨후 자연회복군, 100%산소 흡입군 및 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>관장군(10ml/kg의 0.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>용액을 2ml내외의 사람혈액과 함께 관장)으로 나누어, 회복기 15,30,60 및 90분에 동맥혈의 pH, PCO<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> 및 HbCO 포화도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. pH는 급성 CO중독시 3개군 모두에서 감소하였고, 회복기에는 서서히 증가하여 자연회복군과 100%산소 흡입군은 회복기 90분에 거의 회복되나, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>관장군에서는 pH의 회복이 다른군보다 늦었다. PaCO<sub>2</sub>는 급성 Co중독시 3개군 모두에서 감소하였고, 회복기에는 서서히 증가하였으나, 자연회복군의 PaCO<sub>2</sub>는 회복기 90분에 거의 회복하는데 반하여 100%산소흡입군과 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>관장군의 PaCO<sub>2</sub>는 회복이 늦었고 회복기 90분에도 완전히 회복되지 못하였다. PaO<sub>2</sub>는 급성 Co중독시 약간 감소하였다가 회복기에는 회복기 15분부터 급격히 증가하였고 회복기 90분까지 대조치보다 높은 PaO<sub>2</sub>를 유지하였다. 회복기동안 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>관장군의 PaO<sub>2</sub>는 102 ~ 107mmhg로 자연회복군보다 약 10 mmhg 높은 수준을 보였다. HbCO 포화도는 급성 CO중독시 54 ~ 72%까지 증가하였다. 회복기에는 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>관장군의 HbCO 포화도의 회복이 자연회복군이나 100%산소 흡입군보다 빨랐으며, 100%산소 흡입군은 회복기 30분에서 60분사이에 자연회복군보다 더 빠른 회복을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 0.5% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>관장은 CO중독시 혈액의 산소분압을 어느정도 증가시킬 뿐 아니라 혈색소와 결합된 CO의 해리를 촉진시켜, 단독요법 또는 산소요법과 병행하여 사용할 때 급성CO중독에 효과적인 치료법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning has been one of the major environmental problems because of the tissue hypoxia, especially brain tissue hypoxia, due to the great affinity of CO with hemoglobin. Inhalation of the pure oxygen(O<sub>2</sub>) under the high atmospheric pressure has been considered as the best treatment of CO poisoning by the supply of O<sub>2</sub> to hypoxic tissues with dissolved from in plasma and also by the rapid elimination of CO from the carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO). Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) was rapidly decomposed to water and O<sub>2</sub> under the presence of catalase in the blood, but the intravenous administration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is hazardous because of the formation of methemoglobin and air embolism. However, it was reported that the enema of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution below 0.75% could be continuously supplied O<sub>2</sub> to hypoxic tissues without the hazards mentioned above. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enema on the elimination of CO from the HbCO in the recovery of the acute CO poisoning. Rabbits weighting about 2.0 kg were exposed to If CO gas mixture with room air for 30 minutes. After the acute CO poisoning, 30 rabbits were divided into three groups relating to the recovery period. The first group T¡¤as exposed to the room air and the second group w¡¤as inhalated with 100% O<sub>2</sub> under 1 atmospheric pressure. The third group was administered 10 ml of 0.5H H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution per kg weight by enema immediately after CO poisoning and exposed to the room air during the recovery period. The arterial blood was sampled before and after CO poisoning ana in 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the recovery period. The blood pH, PCO<sub>2</sub> and PO<sub>2</sub> were measured anaerobically with a Blood Gas Analyzer and the saturation percentage of HbCO was measured by the Spectrophotometric method. The effect of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enema on the recovery from the acute CO poisoning was observed and compared with the room air group and the 100% O<sub>2</sub> inhalation group. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows: The pH of arterial blood was significantly decreased after CO poisoning and until the first 15 minutes of the recovery period in all groups. Thereafter, it was slowly increased to the level of the before CO poisoning, but the recovery of pH of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enema group was more delayed than that of the other groups during the recovery period. PaCO<sub>2</sub> was significantly decreased after CO poisoning in all groups. Boring the recovery Period, PaCO<sub>2</sub> of the room air group was completely recovered to the level of the before CO Poisoning, but that of the 100% O<sub>2</sub> inhalation group and the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enema group was not recovered until the 90 minutes of the recovery period. PaCO<sub>2</sub> was slightly decreased after CO poisoning. During the recovery Period, it was markedly increased in the first 15 minutes and maintained the level above that before CO Poisoning in all groups. Furthermore PaCO<sub>2</sub> of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enema group was 102 to 107 mmHg and it was about 10 mmHg higher than that of the room air group during the recovery period. The saturation percentage of HbCO was increased up to the range of 54 to 72 percents after CO poisoning and in general it was generally diminished during the recovery period. However in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enema group the diminution of the saturation percentage of HbCO was generally faster than that of the 100% O<sub>2</sub> inhalation group and the room air group, and its diminution in the 100% O<sub>2</sub> inhalation group was also slightly faster than that of the room air group at the relatively later time of the recovery period.
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