초하우계의 지속적 항우일에 관한 연구 : 한국과 일본의 구주를 중심으로

박병익 서울대학교 지리교육과 1990 地理敎育論集 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to examine the definition and occurrence characteristics of the persistent rainy day in the early summer rainy season over South Korea and Kyushu, Japan. The results are as follows. 1) The wet spell of length k day is defined as k days when rainfall continues more than 1mm per day. We can make a frequency table(observed frequency) of the wet spell of each length at a station for a given period(in this paper, June and July, 1941∼1980). The probability of rainy day be P, and the probability of no rain day is 1-P(let's it be Q). If there is no persistence in daily rainfall, the occurrence probability of the wet spell of length k is P^kQ². If the total days are N(=61×40=2, 440), then the expected frequency(caculated frequency) of the wet spell of length k is NP^kQ² with the above hypothesis. Therefore, we can say that the persistent rainy day in the sense of the probability that the wet spell is longer than the first wet spell of which the observed frequency is higher than the calculated frequency on no persistence hypothesis(Table 1). By carefull examination of synoptic conditions of daily rainfall at some stations, we can define the persistent rainy day as the wet spell is longer than 3 days(* in Table 1). Expected number of days of the persistent rainy day is 7∼12 days in one rainy season(Fig. 4). 2) Contributions of the persistent rainy days to total precipitation of June and July are more than 50% at most stations(Fig. 3). 3) There is a high frequency of the persistent rainy day in the first and second ten days of June over Kyushu, and also in the third ten days of June and the first ten days of July over Korea and Kyushu(Fig. 5). In the second ten days of July the occurrence frequency of the persistent rainy day over Korea is different from that over Kyushu. 4) Total occurrence frequency of the persistent rainy day at each year(Fig. 6) corresponds to the activity of the early summer rainy seasons of East Asia; in years with many persistent rainy days the early summer rainy seasons are to be active. 5) The total occurrence frequency of the persistent rainy day appears to be ralated to the strength and northward displacement of the North-west Pacific Anticyclone and chatacteristics of the atmospheric circulation in middle-high latitudes. In a year with many persistent rainy days in June, the North-west Pacific Anticyclone was very strong and shifted northwardly, and cold air advection over the North-east Part of China from higher latitudes was strengthened(Fig. 7). In July the developments of the Okhotsk Anticyclone and the North-west Pacific Anticyclone were followed by a high frequency of the persistent rainy day(Fig. 8).

土砂의 含有量이 流速에 미치는 影響

朴炳益 全北大學校 1964 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This experiments was attempted in order to show the effects of sand gravel contented in water flow on the mean velocity in torrent through the observation of velociiy of orifice discharge from the water tank contented clay. The data obtained are summarized as follows : 1. It is shown that the water flowing velocity was decreased by the increased the ratio of water to clay contented in water tank. 2. As has been shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the mean velocity of wather flowing was greatly decreased when the volume ratio of clay to water was diminished. 3. It semed that the rate of velocity decreased was increased when glasstube length was long. 4. When glass tube diameter was large, the rate of velocity decreased was diminished.

砂防用 싸리種子의 水浸이 發芽에 미치는 影響

朴炳益 全北大學校 1964 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The effects of soaking time in water on the germination of Lespedeza bicolar seeds used for erosion control were observed respectively; in incubator, at room, and on forestry nursery bed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The seeds could germinate in any cass at light and dark condition, it is however certified that the Lespedeza bicolar seeds were lihgt demanding seed in its germination. 2. The begining of germination hardly recognized but the germination was hasted by long soaking time in water. 3. In the dark place, the percentage of germination was high acording to the long soaking time, but in the light place it shows the highest percentage in 3 days soaking. 4. The germination energy was the higher the longer soaking time.

소나무類의 組織 培養

朴炳益,高大植,洪性玉,崔萬峰 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1974 農大論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The method and medium for obtaining callus and maintaining growth in tissue culture of koraiensis, P. rigida, P densiflora and P. thunbergii were adopted and the results are summarized as follows : 1. When cultivated in the Whites medium with each of seed extracted natural media, P. koraiensis only formed callus but P. rigida, P. densiflora and P,. thunbergii formed none. 2. When P. koraiensis was cultivated in a Whites medium modified by chestnut seed extract, firm brown callus was initiated at an explanat of it and has been successfully growing for 5 months.3. As for Korean pine seed extract, a higher concentration (75~90 mg/ℓ) inhibited the callus formation at an explant of P. koraiensis more than a lower concentration (15~30 mg/ℓ) but as for the chestnut extract, the opposited was the case. 4. The longer the size of explants on the culturing medium was, the less callus formation was made.

妊産婦産物의 流通過程에 관한 硏究 : I.價格動向을 中心으로 I.On the tendency of fruit price

朴炳益,姜聲然 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1980 農大論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Results of analysis on main fruit resouces, demand and supply related with fruit resouces, marketing channel and price of fruits (forest by-products) are as follows : 1 Fruit resouces demand through protection and management to 9et more Products. It is hopeful to plant fruitful tree in economical forest stand, when considering economical view. 2. According to present increasing of fruit products, fruits exports must be expended to meet the increase of fruits. And so various supply methods, for examples, processing and caned goods, must be exploited. 3. For the protection of producers and consumers, the stabilization of fruit price is needed. And to decrease the rate of margin originated in the process of circulation is also necessary for the benefits of producers and consumers. Considering Present and future trends related with fruits, It is necessary to set up the stabilization fund for agricultural products and to develop a new way of stock fruits. For the stabilization of price and profits of producers, it must be put a gag in fore-selling(before harvest). 4. For a price stabilization and smooth supply of fruits, it would be need to regulate the big differences not only between the periods that the products are sufficiently and insufficiently supplied but also between the years that the price is high and low. This regulation would be achieved by encouraging the dispersed marketing of products which had been stored by producers and national or local governments.

妊産婦産物의 流通過程에 관한 硏究 : II.資源管理 및 産物의 處分實態를 中心으로 II.On the Resource Management and Fruit Selling

朴炳益,姜聲然 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1983 農大論文集 Vol.14 No.-

1. The balanced and stable supply of fruit and seed is necessary for getting self-sufficiency, earning foreign exchange by export and increasing farm income in our farm economy. 6% of fruit farm applied fertilizer to fruit and seed tree, however, 64% fruit farm has experienced off-year. 59% of fruit farm does not know the real cause of the fact and turn the situation to the natural phenomenon, therefore, we need the technical distribution for fertilizer application to the fruit farm. 2. Most of the fruit farm(70%) seel their products at the period of harvest, this is because that they are faced with storage of farm fund(36%). Selling price are tending to be low and cause the unsatisfactors results, because they are based on mutual agreement and imperfect competition. Therefore, we recommend that fruit farmers should adjust their selling period by storage and marketing cooperative and government should support the organization like Forestry Association Union for expanding credit, procurement and reservation. 3. Marketing channel for fruits is not through a perfect competition, therefore the level of marketing margin might be various. This survey indicates that wholesalers earn the profit about 10%. Wholesalers stand between producers and consumers and they influence not only to the profit of each of them but also to the stability of price. Therefore, it is necessary to establish marketing system in which wholesalers can perfectly operate their function as formulating price, adjusting demand and supply and reducing marketing margin.

붉나무 빗자루병에 관한 연구(II) : 綠枝接에 의한 전염 Transmission by grafting with green schoot

朴炳益,김영호 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1984 農大論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The transmission of witchs' broom of Rhusjavanica L. was investigated by bud grafting and crown grafting in summer and by seeds collected from infected trees. The results were as follows. 1. Complet union of stocks and sions in bud grafting did not take place at all and the disease was not transmitted by bud grafting in summer. 2. Crown grafting with green shoots in summer was succeeded in 25%-35% of trees used in this experiment and only the trees which were succeeded by crown grafting were transmitted. 3. The seeds collected from diseased trees yilded healthy seedlings.

協業林業經營의 實態分析(Ⅰ) : 全北協業經營體를 中心으로 Mainly for the Jeonbug Cooperative Administration

朴炳益,姜聲然 全北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

Rational management of the small-scale private forest would be desired to find some way out of the difficulty with cooperative management under economic and technical support of concerned authorities. Also, the development of cooperative management would be expanded with the lead of self-controlled participation of forest land owners with elevation of the cooperative actual results of their benefit. Tending working of commission working by the investment of forest land owner need the support of the national treasury, and purchase and selling operation of materials and products should be promoted with the systematic operation of forest owner association. Strip regeneration has possible to tree regeneration and the establishment of two-storied mixed forest and it could be led to improved forestry of long final cutting, and the production of large timber has profit for low harvest cost. And the establisment cost of the forest road which need a huge amount of money should be invested preferentically to the establishment of multiple forest road which posses both industrailization and sightseeing.

思菴 朴淳의 唐詩風 受容과 展開樣相

박병익 한국한시학회 2006 韓國漢詩硏究 Vol.14 No.-

Park Shoon is recognized as a 16th century pioneer of Chinese poetry and is credited as instigating the poets of Three Tang’s rise to power. Park Shoon, whose pen name was Shaam and nickname was Whasook, was born in Naju as the son of Yubong Park Woo and nephew of Nooljae Park Shang in 1519. The following research demonstrates how specific cultural conditions made the form and style of Park Shoon's poetry popular, despite its lack of contemporary content This paper demonstrates how the specific cultural conditions provided Park Shoon’s poetry with a context that allowed for its popularity, despite its lack of contemporary content. Shaam demonstrated the talent to write poems earlyin his childhood, particularly poetry related to nature. This natural inclination guided him to poems of the Tang Style, leading him to pursue studies of Lee Baek and Tubo. However, Shaam regarded the song-styled poetry of Jiang Xi Shi Pai as reflective of modern times, demonstrating the influence of reactionism on his own philosophy. Shaam uses common language to concisely express his emotions and communicate effectively. Through a combination of adapting the Tang style and form, while making Korean references, Shaam effectively expressed many collective sentiments that existed during the Chosun dynasty. Rather than involving himself in social activities, Shaam attempted to escape contemporary material vices by incorporating nature into his themes. This inclination to escape materialism resonates with the Tang style. Therefore, a discussionof Shaam's utilization of the Tangle Style of Poetry is necessary not only to examinethe term 'the Style of Tang Poetry' but also to understand the greater cultural context of the time. 박순(1623-1589)은 호가 사암(思菴)이요, 자는 화숙(和叔)으로 육봉(六峰) 박우(朴祐)의 아들이며, 기묘(己卯)명현(名賢)인 눌재(訥齋) 박상(朴祥)의 조카로 나주(羅州)에서 태어났다. 그는 조선조 16세기의 당시풍 선구자며 삼당시인을 발흥하게 한 창도자로 평가 받는다.본고는 사암이 시류의 송시풍을 도외시 하고 당시풍의 한시를 창작하게 된 수용배경과 당시풍의 특성이 어떤 양상을 띠고 있는가를 살펴보았다.사암은 어렸을 때부터 영물시(詠物詩)에 대한 재능을 보였으며, 이러한 자질은 당시풍의 한시를 창작하게 되었다. 이러한 당시풍 한시를 창작하게 된 배경은 ‘성현지도(聖賢之道)’를 추구하는 사유관과 ‘시중지도(時中之道)’의 실천관 때문이다. 따라서 시에 있어서 ‘성인의 도’는 李白杜甫를 학시하였으며, ‘시중지도’의 실천관은 당대에 형성된 송시풍의 강서시파를 시류로 인식했다. 이러한 태도와 사유관은 복고주의와 친연성을 가졌다.사암은 정감을 표출한 시에는 일상어를, 당시의 격조를 느끼게 하는 시에는 당시풍격 시어를, 조선의 정서를 표출하는 시에는 조선지명과 향토적 정서를 표출할 수 있는 시어를 이용하였다. 이러한 시는 표현에서도 비교적 당시의 시론에서 엿볼 수 있는 함축적이고 회화적인 표현법을 통해서 여운을 주고 있다.사암의 주제의식은 현실참여 보다는 자연의 동화를 추구한 탈속을 지향하였다. 이러한 배경은 시대적 고뇌와 갈등에서 나타난 현상이 아니라, 이미 체득된 사유관에서 비롯된 것으로 생각된다. 아울러 이러한 탈속지향은 당시풍으로 표현하기 적절하였으리라 생각된다.사암의 당시풍 수용과 전개 특성의 논의는 삼당시인의 시풍과 영향관계를 구명하여 ‘당시풍’이라는 용어의 개념화뿐만 아니라, 당대 문화인식을 추론하는 것까지 이어져야 한다.

닥나무의 營養繁殖에 관하여

朴炳益,李魯吉 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1979 農大論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The present study investigated the effects of hormones and bed soiis on rooting of both shootand root-cuttings of frotrrorrrf'o farf'foff'in order to fiild out means of vegetative propagation.The obtained resuits are sumnlarifed as follows '1 . Cuttings treated with hormones rooted better than tile nontreated cuttings.2 . Naphthaleneacetic acid appeared to be a Uetter root-promoter than indoleacetic acid.3. CutlinEs treated with hormones rooted bettel'in the sand bed than in the clay bed butnon-treated cuttings rooted better in the Liay bed. Especialll· the ruttings treated with IAArooted well in the sand bed.it . Root-cuttings were found to be bettel'than she()1·-cuttings as the cutting materials forthe vegetati#e propagation of this species.,j When root-cuttings were used, thin cuttings sho)ved higher rooting results than thickc outings.