침술에서 초음파의 역할

박기영,Park, Gi-Young 대한정형외과초음파학회 2009 대한정형외과 초음파학회지 Vol.2 No.2

침술은 중국에서 3,000년 이상의 기원을 가진 가장 대중적인 보완대체의학 치료 방법으로 전세계적에서 널리 시행되고 있다. 초음파는 교육과 연구목적, 신경과 늑막과 같은 위험한 구조 주위 경혈에 침술을 시행할 때 도움이 된다. 또한 초음파는 조직에서 침 수기의 생 기계적 효과를 평가하는 데 이상적인 영상 검사로 조직 형태와 생 기계적 정보의 영상을 제공하는 특징적 장점을 가지고 있다. 탄성영상은 내부 혹은 외부에서 발생하는 기계적 자극에 의한 조직의 기계적 성질 혹은 반응을 정량화 할 수 있다. 그러므로 초음파와 탄성영상의 결합은 침술에 의한 인체 결합조직 구조의 동적변화를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있다. Acupuncture is a treatment method that originated more than 3,000 years ago in China and is practiced in most of the world. Acupuncture became the most popular complementary and alternative medicine modality. Ultrasound is useful for research and educational purposes, visualizing needle insertion at acupuncture points, especially next to vulnerable structures such as nerves or the pleura. Additionally, ultrasound is an ideal imaging method for evaluation the biomechanical effects of needle manipulation on tissue and has the distinctive advantage of yielding both images of tissue morphology and biomechanical information. Elastography take aim at quantifying a mechanical response or the mechanical property of tissues from a mechanical stimulus, generated internally or externally. Therefore, the combination of ultrasound and elastography analyses allows quantitative assessment of dynamic changes in the structure of human connective tissue.

교섭창구단일화 제도의 위헌성에 관한 연구

박기영(Park, Gi Young) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2015 法學硏究 Vol.46 No.-

2010년 1월 1일 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법의 개정으로 2011년 7월 1일부터 사업(장)단위에서 2개 이상의 노동조합을 자유롭게 설립하거나 가입할 수 있는 복수노조가 허용되었고, 교섭창구단일화제도가 시행되면서 헌법상 기본권에 해당하는 단체교섭권을 침해하여 위헌이라는 논란은 헌법재판소의 재판관 전원일치 합헌결정으로 일단락되었다. 하지만, 우리 규범체계상 헌법상 기본권인 단체교섭권에 대해 협약체결권이 사용자의 동의가 있는 경우를 제외하고는 실질적으로 부정된다는 점, 그 결과 교섭창구단일화 강제 조항은 교섭대표노동조합에서 탈락하거나 배제된 소수 노동조합의 단체교섭권 및 협약체 결권을 본질적으로 침해하는 것이다. 결론적으로 현행법상 교섭창구단일화제도가 헌법상의 단체교섭권에 대한 본질적 침해가 발생되지 않아야 한다는 점, 다양한 노동조합의 체계를 간과하지 않고 고려해야 한다는 점, 예상되는 분쟁소지를 가능한 줄여야 한다는 점 등을 고려한다면 합리적 해석기준을 제시하여 현장의 혼란을 최소화하기 위한 고민과 노력을 통하여 노조법 개정에 대한 논의가 필요하다고 생각한다. From July 2011 from the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act it was implemented multiple unions and the single bargaining channel the meantime been stopped. But, The current Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act on the collective the single bargaining channel was unified by the infringement of the right to collective bargaining institutions from academia and labor since before the introduction of unconstitutional because the claim has been filed. In addition, despite the constitutional decision of the Constitutional Court on the unconstitutionality of the single bargaining channel system itself is still controversial is not an end. Whether with respect to the unconstitutionality of the unified In bargaining counter Islands Constitution Article 37, paragraph 2 shall examine again.

직접분사식 바이오에탄올-가솔린 혼합연료의 분무 및 희박연소 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

박기영 ( Gi Young Park ),강석호 ( Seok Ho Kang ),김인구 ( In Gu Kim ),임철수 ( Cheol Soo Lim ),김재만 ( Jae Man Kim ),조용석 ( Yong Seok Cho ),이성욱 ( Seong Wock Lee ) 한국분무공학회 2014 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.19 No.3

As a demand for an automobile increases, air pollution and a problem of the energy resources come to the fore in the world. Consequently, governments of every country established ordinances for green-house gas reduction and improvement of air pollution problem. Especially, as international oil price increases, engine using clean energy are being developed competitively with alternative transportation energy sources development policy as the center. Bio ethanol, one of the renewable energy produced from biomass, gained spotlight for transportation energy sources. Studies are in progress to improve fuel supply methods and combustion methods which are key features, one of the engine technologies. DI(Direct Injection), which can reduce fuel consumption rate by injecting fuel directly into the cylinder, is being studied for Green-house gas reduction and fuel economy enhancement at SI(Spark Ignition). GDI(Galoine Direct Injection) has an advantage to meet the regulations for fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions. However it produces increased number of ultrafine particles, that yet received attention in the existing port-injection system, and NOX. As fuel is injected into the cylinder with high-pressure, a proper injection strategy is required by characteristics of a fuel. Especially, when alcohol type fuel is considered. In this study, we tried to get a base data bio-ethanol mixture in GDI, and combustion for optimization. We set fuel mixture rate and fuel injection pressure as parameters and took a picture with a high speed camera after gasoline-ethanol mixture fuel was injected into a constant volume combustion chamber. We figured out spraying characteristic according to parameters. Also, we determine combustion characteristics by measuring emissions and analyzing combustion.

통신제품 품질정보관리시스팀 개발

박기영(Park Gi Young),차용주(Tcha Yong Joo),봉성종(Bong Seong Jong),임용배(Lim Yong Bae) 한국통신학회 1994 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1994 No.11

비상발전기용 PM/NO_X 저감장치의 유동특성 연구

방효원,박기영,이성욱,Bang, Hyo-Won,Park, Gi-Young,Lee, Seong-Wock 한국분무공학회 2021 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Emergency generators normally use diesel engines. The generators need to conduct weekly no-load operation inspections to ensure stable performance at emergency situations. In particular, the generators with large diesel engines mainly use rectangle type filter substrates. In order to minimize hazardous emissions generated by generators, optimizing the reduction efficiency through CFD analysis of flow characteristics of PM/NO_X reduction system is important. In this study, we analyzed internal flow by CFD, which is difficult to confirm by experimental method. The main factors in our numerical study are the changes of flow uniformity and back pressure. Therefore, changes in flow characteristics were studied according to urea injector locations, selective catalyst reduction (SCR) diffuser angle, and filter porosity.

자동차용 강판의 겹치기 CO₂ 레이저 용접에서 발생되는 플라즈마 특성에 관한 연구

남기중(Gi Jung Nam),박기영(Ki Young Park),이경돈(Kyoung Don Lee) 한국레이저가공학회 2002 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.5 No.1

실시간 탄성초음파를 이용한 만성 뇌졸중 후 편마비 환자의 상지 강직에 대한 사암침 효과 연구

백경민,권동락,박기영,Baek, Kyung-Min,Kwon, Dong-Rak,Park, Gi-Young 대한한방내과학회 2014 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.35 No.1

Objectives : To investigate the effects of Sa-am acupuncture on muscle architecture and elastic properties of the spastic elbow flexor and to evaluate the correlation between clinical findings and parameters of real-time sonoelastography (RTS) in patients with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. Materials and Methods : Seven patients (five males, two females) with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis were included. Sa-am acupuncture of Ganseunggyeok (肝勝格: LU8 LR4 補, HT8 LR2 瀉) was applied to the unaffected side 3 times a week for 4 weeks. During each acupuncture treatment period, patients were requested to exercise their affected arm, and spasticity and functional recovery outcomes of the affected arm were evaluated before and after Sa-am acupuncture treatment. Clinical outcomes were assessed using motricity index (MI), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) for elbow flexor spasticity. RTS images indicate the relative hardness of the examined muscles ranged from red (hard) to purple (soft) for color-scale, and from black (hard) to white (soft) for hue scale. Color and hue histograms of the biceps brachii and brachialis were analyzed using Image J software, and median red, blue, and hue pixel intensity were obtained. Results : MI and FMA score significantly increased and MAS score significantly decreased (p<0.05). F-wave maximal amplitude of affected abductor pollicis brevis significantly decreased (p<0.05). Muscle thickness of affected brachialis significantly increased (p<0.05). Red and green pixel intensity of affected brachialis significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusions : Our study revealed that Sa-am acupuncture is effective as a useful and safe treatment for spasticity in chronic post-stroke hemiparesis.

먹이종류에 따른 Rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis의 고밀도 배양

박흠기,김성구,박기영,박영제,PARK Huem Gi,KIM Sung Koo,PARK Kie Young,PARK Young Je 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

고밀도 배양에 있어서 먹이종류 (해수 Chlorella, 담수 Chlorella, 유지효모)에 따른 Rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis 성장과 영양가를 조사하기 위해서 10$\ell$ 배양수조에서 실험을 실시하였다. 해수 Chlorella, 담수 Chlorella와 유지효모를 공급한 rotifer의 최고밀도는 각각 10,900$\~$12,400개체/ml, 9,190$\~$10,600개체/ml, 2,390$\~$2,750개체/ml, 였다. 따라서 해수 Chlorella, 담수 Chlorella를 공급한 rotifer의 최고밀도는 유지효모를 공급한 rotifer보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 해수 Chlorella를 공급한 rotifer의 고도불포화지방산 함량은 $8.71\%$로 나타났다. 이 것은 유지효모를 공급한 rotifer ($9.14\%$)와 비슷한 경향을 보였지만, 담수 Chlorella를 공급한 rotifer ($4.45\%$)보다는 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면 고밀도 rotifer 배양에 있어서 양질의 rotifer를 생산하기 위해서 해수 Chlorella가 적절한 먹이인 것을 판단된다. The experiment was carried out in a 10 $\ell$ vessel in order to evaluate the growth and nutritional quality of rotifer, Brachienus rotundiformis fed by different diets (Freshwater Chlorella, Marine Chlorella and $\omega$-yeast) for the high density cultivation. The maximum densities for the rotifer fed on the marine Chlorella, freshwater Chlorella and $\omega$-yeast were $10,900\~12,400,\;9,190\~10,600$ and 2,390$\~$2,750 inds./ml, respectively. Therefore, the maximum densities for the rotifer fed on the marine Chlorella and freshwater Chlorella were higher than that for rotifer fed on the $\omega$-yeast The essential n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid in rotifer fed on the marine Chlorella was $8.71\%$ which was slightly lower than that in rotifer fed on the $\omega$-yeast, $9.14\%$, while it was higher than that in the rotifer fed on freshwater Chlorella, $4.45\%$. This result indicated that marine Chlorella could be appropriate diet for the high density cultivation of rotifer.

먹이종류에 따른 Rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas의 내구란 생산 및 부화율

박흠기,권오남,박기영,김광양,PARK Huem Gi,KWON O Nam,PARK Kie Young,KIM Kwang-Yang 한국수산과학회 2000 한국수산과학회지 Vol.33 No.3

담수산 rotifer, B. calycinoms를 대상으로 5 종류의 먹이 (ESP, 담수산 농축 Chlonlla, 빵효모 단독구와 $ESP 70{\%}와 담수산 농축 Chlorella 30{\%} 혼합구 및 빵효모 30{\%}와 담수산 농축 Chlorella 70{\%}$ 혼합구)에 대한 내구란 생산과 먹이종류에 따라 생산된 내구란의 부화율을 조사하였다. 먹이 종류에 따른 내구란 생산은 $ESP 70{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlorella 30{\%}$ 혼합구와 빵효모 30{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlorells 70{\%}$ 혼합구에서 각각 123.3 개/ml와 126.7 개/ml로 가장 높게 나타났고, 단독구보다 혼합구에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 먹이에 따른 내구란의 부화율은 $ESP 70{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlorella $30{\%}$ 혼합구에서 $71.9{\%}$로 가장 높았지만 빵효모 $30{\%}$와 담수산 농축 Chlonlla $70{\%}$ 혼합구 및 담수산 농축 Chlorella 단독구와는 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과, 담수산 rotifer의 내구란 생산 및 부화율을 높이기 위한 먹이로 담수산 농축 Chlorella에 빵효모와 ESP를 혼합하여 공급하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to investigate production and hatching rate of the resting egg of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus fed the 5 different diets (ESP, freshwater Chlorella, baker's yeast, the mixture off$70{\%}\;ESP\;and\;30{\%}$freshwater Chlorelia, and the mixture of $30{\%}$ baker's yeast and $70{\%}$ freshwater Chlorella). The highest productions of resting eggs were 123.3 egg/ml and 126.7 egg/ml in the mixture of $70{\%}$ ESP and $30{\%}$ freshwater Chlorella, and the mixture of $30{\%}$ baker's yeast and $30{\%}$ and $70{\%}$ freshwater Chlorella, respectively, which were significantly better than ESP, freshwater Chlorella or baker's yeast alone (P<0.05). Hatching rate of the resting eggs from rotifer fed the mixture of $70{\%} ESP\;and\;30{\%}$ freshwater Chlorella was the highest, $71.9{\%}$ although this value was not significantly different compared with the mixture of $30{\%}$ baker's yeast and $70{\%}$ freshwater Chlorella, and freshwater Chlorella (P^lt;9.05). The results showed that the mixture of baker's yeast or ESP with the freshwater Chlorella seemed to be the best feeding regime for the production and hatching rate of resting egg of freshwater rotifer.

노후된 SCR 장치의 N₂O 배출 특성 연구

송호영(Ho Young Song),김기호(Ki Ho Kim),이정민(Joung Min Lee),박기영(Gi Young Park),이성욱(Seang Wock Lee) 대한기계학회 2018 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.42 No.10

경유 자동차의 배출가스 규제는 EURO 5에서 EURO 6로 강화되었다. EURO 6 규제 물질 중 질소산화물(NOx) 배출허용기준을 만족시키기 위해 Urea-SCR 장치가 장착되고 있다. SCR 시스템은 NOx 저감효율은 우수하지만 노후화에 따른 NH3 slip 등 문제점을 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SCR 장치 노후화문제점중 하나인 N₂O 배출특성을 분석하였다. ESC 및 ETC test cycle에서 SCR 장치가 노후화 될수록 N₂O의 배출량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히, NH3 slip이 많은 고온 조건에서 N₂O의 배출량이 많았다. 이는 열화에 의해 SCR 촉매의 N₂O 선택성이 증가하고 SCR 촉매에서 환원반응하지 않은 NH₃가 AOC 촉매에서 산화반응한 결과로 보인다. Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) devices, widely known for the greatest NOx conversion performance, have being equipped to diesel engines to satisfy NOx limits of EURO 6. Although NOx reduction efficiency of SCR is superior, there are some problems related to ageing. In this study, N₂O was investigated when SCR devices were aged. N₂O increased with ageing on ESC and ETC test cycle. In particular, N₂O generation took place at a greater rate when exhaust gas temperature was high and there were a number of NH₃ slips. This phenomenon resulted from higher selectivity of N₂O on SCR catalysts and the oxidation reaction of NH₃, which did not undergo the reduction reaction, on Ammonia Oxidation Catalysts(AOC) due to ageing.