MicroRNAs Related to Cognitive Impairment After Hearing Loss

문석균,채현규,Xian-Yu Piao,이현진,김영국,오승하,장문영 대한이비인후과학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.14 No.1

Objectives. Our research group has previously demonstrated that hearing loss might be a risk factor for synaptic loss within the hippocampus and impairment of cognition using an animal model of Alzheimer disease. In this study, after inducing hearing loss in a rat model of Alzheimer disease, the associations of various microRNAs (miRNAs) with cognitive impairment were investigated. Methods. Rats were divided randomly into two experimental groups: the control group, which underwent sham surgery and subthreshold amyloid-β infusion and the deaf group, which underwent bilateral cochlear ablation and subthreshold amyloid-β infusion. All rats completed several cognitive function assessments 11 weeks after surgery, including the object-in-place task (OPT), the novel object recognition task (NOR), the object location task (OLT), and the Y-maze test. After the rats completed these tests, hippocampus tissue samples were assessed using miRNA microarrays. Candidate miRNAs were selected based on the results and then validated with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. Results. The deaf group showed considerably lower scores on the OPT, OLT, and Y-maze test than the control group. The microarray analysis revealed that miR-29b-3p, -30e-5p, -153-3p, -376a-3p, -598-3p, -652-5p, and -873-3p were candidate miRNAs, and qRT-PCR showed significantly higher levels of miR-376a-3p and miR-598-3p in the deaf group. Conclusion. These results indicate that miR-376a-3p and miR-598-3p were related to cognitive impairment after hearing loss.

급성 뇌교 경색으로 인해 발생된 돌발성 난청 2예

문석균,이규호,도윤경,홍영호 대한이비인후과학회 2008 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.51 No.7

In most cases, sudden deafness results from viral infection, vascular occlusion or cochlear membrane rupture, but occasionally, its central origin can not be excluded. Although a number of signs are theoretically plausible in patients with pontine infarction such as facial weakness, lateral gaze palsy, Horner syndrome, limb dysmetria, crossed sensory loss or vertigo, isolated sudden deafness is a very rare manifestation. When pontine infarction occurs, it is usually identified on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Early treatment with anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents leads to a more rapid resolution of symptoms and preservation of existing brain function. Recently, the authors have experienced two cases of sudden hearing loss caused by acute pontine infarction. Hence, we report two cases with a review of literature. (Korean J Otorhinolaryngol- Head Neck Surg 2008;51:650-4)

전정신경에 대한 혈관성 신경압박증후군에서 미세혈관감압술의 효과

문석균,위민우,박상용,권문오,황성남 대한이비인후과학회 2008 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.51 No.9

Disabling positional vertigo (DPV) refers to the cross-compression of the eighth cranial nerve from vessels in the posterior fossa which causes symptoms of vestibular disturbances. The most common symptom is a whirling sensation that is worse when the head is in a specific position and is abated with total bed rest. Many patients with DPV also have symptoms of auditory nerve and/or adjacent cranial nerve involvement, such as tinnitus, hearing disturbance, geniculate neuralgia, facial twitching. To analyze DPV, the authors reviewed patients with DPV who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) in our institution. Subjects and Method:A retrospective study was performed on 11 patients with DPV who underwent MVD from January 2002 to September 2007. Information was collected on sex, age, symptoms, offending vessels, the success rate, surgical complications. Results:Three patients were male and eight were female. Their mean age was 55.1 years (range 37- 70). The most common offending vessel was AICA in 7 cases (64%) and second vessel was PICA in 3 cases (27%). Only one case (9%) had a vein. Patterns of improvement after MVD could be divided into 3 clinical types. There was complete recovery after operation in 8 cases, partial recovery in 2 cases, and recovery failure in 1 case. There were no major complications except hearing impairment in 1 case. Conclusion:This study shows that MVD provides a high rate of success with low morbidity, and can be regarded as one effective procedure for DPV. (Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2008;51:783-9)

우리나라 비대면 진료: 필수 조건에 대한 제안

문석균 대한내과학회 2023 대한내과학회지 Vol.98 No.1

Since February 24, 2020, non-face-to-face treatment has been temporarily allowed in Korea to protect patients and medical staff from COVID-19, and it has continued to be conducted until now. And on May 3, 2022, the Presidential Transition Committee announced the ‘National Tasks’ to be focused on, including the institutionalization of non-face-to-face treatment centered on primary medical care. Concerns about non-face-to-face treatment in the medical community are increasing, but non-face-to-face treatment is currently being conducted without any restrictions. In this article, I would like to propose essential conditions for the safety of patients so that non-face-to-face treatment can be performed as a complementary means of face-to-face treatment.

외상에 의하여 발생된 내이기종 2예

문석균,이광호,양훈식,홍영호 대한이비인후과학회 2008 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.51 No.3

Pneumolabyrinth is an uncommon condition in which air bubbles in the labyrinth are described, although its underlying pathophysiology is still not widely understood. It may be associated with barotrauma, stapedial surgery, cochlear implantation, head trauma, and temporal bone fracture. When it occurs, it is ususally identified on high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone and an early surgical intervention leads to a more rapid resolution of vestibular symptoms and preservation of existing auditory function. Recently, the authors have experienced two cases of pneumolabyrinth resulting from trauma. Hence, we report two cases with a review of literature. (Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2008;51:273-7)

고막 천공에서 양막을 이용한 치료의 효과

문석균,조항선,이규호,이광호,도윤경,홍영호 대한이비인후과학회 2008 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.51 No.7

Tympanic membrane perforations are usually caused by trauma, infection, surgical procedures such as tympanoplasty or myringoplasty. Because perforations interfere with the transmission and perception of sound, whatever the cause of the perforation, repair of the membrane is desirable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application and usefulness of allograft amniotic membrane, instead of autograft materials, in the management of tympanic membrane perforation. Subjects and Method:A retrospective study was performed on 14 patients who underwent myringoplasty with allograft amniotic membrane for tympanic membrane perforation from October 2006 to September 2007. Information was collected on sex, age, the cause of perforation, the perforation size, postoperative hearing result, the success rate. Results:Of 14 patients, 13 patients were successfully treated by myringoplasty with allograft amniotic membrane and one patient failed due to infection. So the overall success rate was 93%. The mean air-bone gap was improved from 13.3 dB to 7.1 dB. Conclusion:The myringoplasty with allograft amniotic membrane is a successful procedure for the healing of tympanic membrane perforations. (Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2008;51:597-601)

비대면 진료 제도화 과정에서 고려해야 할 사항

문석균 대한의사협회 의료정책연구소 2022 의료정책포럼 Vol.20 No.3

환자 안전의 관점에서 바라본 비대면 진료의 문제점

문석균 대한의사협회 의료정책연구소 2022 의료정책포럼 Vol.20 No.2

Novel Tie Method for the Fixation of a Brain Infusion Cannula in a Murine Model

문석균,장문영 대한이비인후과학회 2021 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.64 No.5

Although brain infusion cannula is a good method to deliver compounds directly into thebrain, fixation of the brain infusion cannula is essential for successful delivery. Dental cementsand adhesive gel are the commonly used materials for fixation of the infusion cannula. However, these materials take time to harden and occasionally, fixation may fail. Therefore,we developed a novel method to fix the brain infusion cannula. Brain infusion cannulas wereimplanted into seven Wistar rats using the novel tie method. One, three, and seven days afterthe surgery, displacement of the brain infusion cannula and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakagewere evaluated in all the rats. None of the animals showed displacement of the brain infusioncannula or leakage of CSF at any point of time. In this study, we showed the successful resultsof the novel tie method for fixation of the brain infusion cannula, which needs no additionalmaterials. It only requires a thread which is used for skin sutures.

Losartan Prevents Maladaptive Auditory-Somatosensory Plasticity After Hearing Loss via Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Suppression

문석균,한규희,백종태,안석원,조현상,장문영 대한이비인후과학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.12 No.1

Objectives. Hearing loss disrupts the balance of auditory-somatosensory inputs in the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the brainstem, which has been suggested to be a mechanism of tinnitus. This disruption results from maladaptive auditory-somatosensory plasticity, which is a form of axonal sprouting. Axonal sprouting is promoted by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling, which can be inhibited by losartan. We investigated whether losartan prevents maladaptive auditory-somatosensory plasticity after hearing loss. Methods. The study consisted of two stages: determining the time course of auditory-somatosensory plasticity following hearing loss and preventing auditory-somatosensory plasticity using losartan. In the first stage, rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group that underwent a sham operation and a deaf group that underwent cochlea ablation on the left side. CNs were harvested 1 and 2 weeks after surgery. In the second stage, rats were randomly divided into either a saline group that underwent cochlear ablation on the left side and received normal saline or a losartan group that underwent cochlear ablation on the left side and received losartan. CNs were harvested 2 weeks after surgery. Hearing was estimated with auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Western blotting was performed for vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), reflecting auditory input; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), reflecting somatosensory input; growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), reflecting axonal sprouting; and p-Smad2/3. Results. Baseline ABR thresholds before surgery ranged from 20 to 35 dB sound pressure level. After cochlear ablation, ABR thresholds were higher than 80 dB. In the first experiment, VGLUT2/VGLUT1 ratios did not differ significantly between the control and deaf groups 1 week after surgery. At 2 weeks after surgery, the deaf group had a significantly higher VGLUT2/VGLUT1 ratio compared to the control group. In the second experiment, the losartan group had a significantly lower VGLUT2/VGLUT1 ratio along with significantly lower p-Smad3 and GAP-43 levels compared to the saline group. Conclusion. Losartan might prevent axonal sprouting after hearing loss by blocking TGF-β signaling thereby preventing maladaptive auditory-somatosensory plasticity.